...The Nature and Causes of Growing Slum Problems in the Metropolitan Cities The Nature and Causes of Growing Slum Problems in the Metropolitan Cities of India! A slum can be defined as a “compact settlement with a collection of poorly built tenements, mostly of temporary nature, crowded together usually with inadequate sanitary and drinking water facilities in unhygienic conditions.” The growth of metropolitan cities in India has been largely unplanned and haphazard and this can be seen from the fact that one-fourth of total urban population lives in slum and squaller settlements. Slum Population in India - Slum Population simply refers to people living in slum areas below the poverty line. As India is still on the path of development, there is large number of people living below the poverty line. These people usually live in slum areas connected to the city. According to Government sources, the Slum Population of India have exceeds the population of Britain. It has doubled in last two decades. According to last census in 2001, the slum-dwelling population of India had risen from 27.9 million in 1981 to 61.8 million in 2001. Indian economy has achieved a significant growth of 8 percent annually in last four years, but there is still large number of people nearly 1.1 billion still survives on less than 1 $ (around 46 INR) in a day. Increase in Indian Population over a period of time has also resulted in slum population growth. Despite of Government efforts to build new houses...
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...Slum tourism Summery Do ”Slum tours” profit off the poor. Lori Robertson writes on BBC travel website the article “Ethical traveller Column”. Slum tourism is in a growth development. It has become a very popular travel destination, to go out and experience some of the world’s biggest slums. American and European tourist agrees to pay highly amounts to visit slums like the Dharavi in Mumbai, India. “But is slum tourism profiting off the poor”, Tricia Barnett is asking. As former director of an English tourism concern, she is worried that the tour money spent by tourist, ends up in the hands of a local middleman, when the community are not involved. Chris Way is founder of the Reality tour and travels, who arranges the tours in Dharavi. He insures that the firm profit also benefits the poor. They have set up their own charity organisation, which among others runs a kindergarten and a community centre. The tours also helps to confront some stereotypes, turn down some prejudices and gives tourists a better understanding of socially and culture underneath the surface of the big city. Outline Slum tourism has a long history. Poor people have always been interested in how wealthy people might live, and it also works the other way around. The two basic sides of the argument are pretty obvious. One side is, that it is wrong to exploit the poor and to violate their privacy. On the other hand, it is showing a better awareness and visibility on a lifestyle far from...
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...Cities without Slums Slum Formation Introduction When we talk about slums the focus is often how to bring people living in them into better living conditions. UN-Habitat claims that the number of slum dwellers worldwide is nearing a billion people but this number could triple by 2050 if not addressed. It is important to consider how we can prevent the creation of new slum populations as well as addressing the conditions that already exist. This report aims to investigate the push and pull factors that facilitate slum formation as well as worsen the problem where there are existing slum populations. The driving factors will be examined in relation to case studies relating to urbanization as well as conflicts and climate events that force displacement. By looking at these examples it will be assessed the manner in which these situations contribute the issue of slums across the world. Furthermore, the observations will be used to suggest what may be done to prevent or minimize the effect that they have in creating and worsening slum conditions. Slums tend to form when there is a demand for housing or infrastructure that is not sufficiently being addressed by whatever authorities or government controls an area. The problem of slum formation is complex; addressing land policies, housing prices, provision of adequate infrastructure and public services. The problem is especially exacerbated by large displacement or migration that can have a number of catalysts. Acioli states that...
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...=====Overview===== **U**rban housing, also known as slums or favelas, is one of the major challenges faced by Brazil. The slums are social clusters officially known as informal settlements. Those communities have been a big problem, not only in Brazil but all around the world. They are growing at an alarming rate in the big cities due to urbanisation. In global surveys for the most expensive cities for residential properties, the 2 main Brazilian cities are highly ranked, with São Paulo in 10th position and Rio de Janeiro 2 ranks under. The 2 main reasons are the natural growth of the city population with birthrate exceeding deathrate, and the inflow of unemployed people, along with their families, looking for a job. Thus leading to a shortage...
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...Jacarezinho - A Slum Displaced From 1939 to 1978, more than 50% of the population of Recife, the capital of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil lived in the slums. Recife had the dubious distinction as one of the largest and poorest slums of any Metropolitan region in Brazil according to the World Bank . 60% of Recife’s total population of 1.4 million occupy squatter settlements (Appendix 1). After years of studying and assessing the poor living conditions of the Jacarezinho slum, the state government of Pernambuco, along with the municipal officials of both Recife and the neighbouring municipality of Olinda, partnered with the World Bank and signed the documents for an urban renewal project called Prometropole in 2003. The cost of the project was US $84 million with a loan of US $46 million from the World Bank . The project was finally launched in 2007 with a planned completion date of 2008 but due to setbacks the project was still not completed in 2010. The objective of the project was to resettle the population in new homes close to the existing slum, to remove the shacks along the waterway, to construct roads and to improve urban infrastructure by providing sewage and drainage so that the inhabitants could have a safer and cleaner place to live. This paper will provide an overview of the obstacles faced by the population as they stood by and waited to be resettled into cleaner, safer and more modern accommodations...
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...My impression of life in slums before studying more about them in this class was certainly misguided. Looking back, I’m really not sure what experiences I had with learning about slums around the world. Now that I do know more about slum life, I am happily surprised to realize that slums around the world are making progress in several senses. Between the slums of Africa to the favelas of Brazil, there are pioneers who are blazing trails towards better lives. Despite the multitude of similarities between the slums across the world, I have also noticed a few interesting differences between the emphases placed on the progress in the slums of Africa and Brazil. I began by watching the African Slum Journals titled Restoring Dignity, Away from Trash,...
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...purposes. URBAN SLUMS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: UNDERSTANDING THEIR ORIGINS/EVOLUTIONS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVEMENT Leanna Medal and Mark Boyer Department of Landscape Architecture University of Arkansas ABSTRACT: Currently, it is estimated that one billion people live in urban slums and the expectation is that the number will double in the next twenty-five years (Tibaijuka 2005). Of all the geographical areas in the world, sub-Saharan Africa has the worst record of meeting the Millennium Development Goals and has the highest percentage of slums dwellers as a percentage of the urban population (Hugo Ahlenius (UNEP/GRID-Arendal) 2005; UN-HABITAT 2003b). Many of the UN Millennium Development Goals could achieve maximum effects if urban slums were targeted for improvements due to the large populations they constitute. While some attention is being given to improving the conditions of urban slums, the progress is slow and there appears to be a scarcity of information about what is being done and if it is working. Slums have evolved from their origins in Britain‟s industrialization in the 18th century through the social reformers of the 19th century to today‟s slums, which are deemed unsafe because of a lack of basic infrastructure and services. Additionally, three cases studies of improvement projects in subSaharan Africa give some insight into potential successful improvement methods, however, much of these plans are yet to be implemented. KEYWORDS: urban slums, sub-Saharan Africa...
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...Bandra overlooking the Arabian Sea, Mr. Mukesh Mehta sighed; he recalled when he first had the dream of creating a modern Dharavi – free of slums, where the poor, hardworking people will finally be able to enjoy a better quality of life and be integrated with the mainstream citizens. Throughout the history of the world, migrants have moved to the urban areas in search of a job so as to provide for their families. In most cases, they can find work, but not a place to live. Hence, without help from either developers or the government, they are forced to become squatters, building for themselves on undesirable and illegal properties. Dharavi, at the heart Mumbai, with 600,000 residents, is one such place and one of Asia’s largest slums. Mr. Mehta’s goal is to provide a decent standard of living to the people of Dharavi. He established himself as a celebrated realtor by building expensive custom homes for the rich in Long Island, New York, and now longed to build homes for the poor in the slums. He shared this dream with his family too. His son, Shyam, was very enthusiastic and regarded him as a “versatile” person who is capable of serving both the rich and the poor, while his wife considered him a “confused” person. He is, however, dedicated to pursue his dream of seeing that his heroes are living a far better life in a revamped Dharavi, free of slum. Mr. Mehta has been the management consultant for Dharavi Redevelopment Project (DRP) for more than seven years to date. The project was...
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...Term Paper on MIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR LIVELIHOOD FRAME WORK IN DHAKA CITY: A CASE STUDY ON T&T SLUM Chapter | Page no. | 1. Introduction | 4 | 2. Methodology | | 2.1 Focus Group | 5 | 2.2 Group Size | 5 | 2.3 Data Collection | 6 | 2.4 Data Analysis 2.5 Limitation | 6 7 | 3. Findings And Analysis | 7 | 3.1 Reasons Of Migration | 7 | 3.2 Way Of Earning | 9 | 3.3 Obstacles | 10 | 3.4 Family | 12 | 3.5 Earning And Spending | 12 | 3.6 Support | 14 | 3.7 Satisfaction | 15 | Conclusion | ...
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...Meghan Lazor GLS 310 Essay 3 Favela Rising Favela Rising was an inspirational film about how even at the most hopeless of times, anything can be possible. One man had the courage to take a horrible tragedy and use it to rebuild a violent community into a cultural and more positive place to live. Through blind faith and endless optimism, this man fought through every obstacle in his path against the drug run streets of Brazil’s slums. He stood as a symbol of peace even in the face of death. The filmmaker risked his life to provide an edge of your seat colorful look into the dangerous streets of Rio Di Janero’s slums or “Favela’s, through the eyes of its people. The Favela’s are broken up into sections according to each drug lord’s domain. Here, the law is just as corrupt as the criminals who govern the streets. The citizens are confined to their own section living life fearing not when, but how they will die. The children aspire to be outlaws because they have nothing else to look forward to. The filmmaker paid special attention to the citizen’s of the Favela’s. These people were the narrator’s of the story. Many times when they spoke everything else would be blacked out. The camera would zoom into their faces so close that all you could see would be their mouths. This technique isolated the emotions and words of each speaker. As each person told a piece of the story, the filmmaker would show clips of video to follow along. Since the area is so dangerous the filmmaker...
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...URBAN HEALTH IN SLUMS OF JAIPUR Dr. Manoj Kumar ABSTRACT This paper attempts to analyze the spatial distribution of Health Care Delivery System with a focus on Reproductive Child Health and its relation to geographical distance from the slum population. The socio- demographic profile and its correlation to the barriers for accessing the health-care is also attempted. The suggestions include removing spatial inequities, a region specific plan for health care for increasing accessibility of the inhabitants in the slum and designing an integrated and sustainable primary healthcare service delivery with emphasis on improved family planning, maternal health and child health services in the urban poor living in slums. International Journal of Research in Economics & Social Sciences http://www.euroasiapub.org 52 IJRESS Volume 3, Issue 1 (January 2013) ISSN: 2249-7382 INTRODUCTION Slum are characterized by poverty, dilapidated housing, over crowding, concentration of lower class, racial segregation, crime, health problems, broken houses, alienation and an unhygienic environment. Different terms have been used for slums in different cities and countries. In India, they are known by various names. For example, in Delhi they are known as Katras, Gallis, Jhuggi- Jhopadpatti. Similarly, they are known as Chawls in Mumbai, Ahatas in Kanpur, Bustee in Calcutta, Cheris in Chennai, Keris in Banglore and Kachhi Basti in Jaipur. A definition of slum is offered in...
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...Taylor Canseco PLN 371 Rajinder S. Jutla Term Paper Squatter Settlements: The Worlds Largest Unknown Population In talking to many of my peers around the Missouri State campus, I wanted to know what people thought were some of the worlds largest populations. While gathering several answers, the questions asked were never necessarily specific. Answers ranged from religious populations, ethnic populations, and country populations. The reason for the questionnaire was so that people could be informed about one of the worlds largest populations; the residents of squatter settlements all around the world. With the world population nearly reaching 7 billion, almost 1/6th of these people have found a way to live in illegally built cities. While some of these cities have found ways to create peace and fluency, such as the Favelas of Brazil, many have planning issues that planners hope to one day solve. Although they are not the typical modern day cities, squatter settlements have formed some of the most fluent new urban ways of life around the world. Louis Wirth, author of one of planning’s earliest journal articles “Urbanism as a Way of Life” (actually a sociology journal), stated that there were three basic principles when it came to defining urbanism. Population size, density, and the heterogeneity of an area is how new urbanism is built. In this paper we will use these three principles, rational thinking, and the basic planning process to view how over 1 billion squatters...
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...Dagan/iStockphoto A recent report released by the Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions notes that while previous studies found that women who migrate to cities do so to join family members – mostly husbands – in the city, this trend appears to be changing: an increasing number of women are migrating to cities on their own, often to escape domestic violence or discrimination in rural areas, or because they have been disinherited. In some sub-Saharan African countries, stigmatization due to HIV/AIDS has also forced women to move to cities. In Kenya, for instance, many rural women who are infected with HIV, or who have lost a husband to the disease, are sent away from the marital home along with their children. Many of these women end up in urban slums, while their children, who are presumed to be infected with the virus, are often denied a share of the father’s property. While poor women and men in urban centres both face insecurity of land tenure and shelter, women are especially disadvantaged because they are often excluded from secure tenure as a consequence of cultural norms and unequal legal rights in legislative and policy frameworks of political systems. Women who become single heads of households, particularly in Africa, are particularly vulnerable, as in many countries in the region, they can still only access land through husbands or fathers. Where women’s land ownership is relationship-based, they risk losing access to land after widowhood, divorce, desertion or male migration...
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...housing for people in Cairo, Egypt is in dire straits. Three of the world’s 30 largest slums are found in Cairo and 45 percent of Egypt’s population is living in slum conditions. It has been stated that there are about 8 million slum dwellers in Greater Cairo and almost 70 percent of the city’s residents live in informal areas or settlements that are called ashwa’iyyat (Kipper, 2009). Informal housing areas in Cairo are inhabited by heterogeneous group of people and these areas spread throughout Greater Cairo and there is lack of support from the government to tackle the spread of such slums (Bayat and Dennis, 2000). In 2005, Egypt’s UN Human Development Report (EHDR) reported the precarious situation of housing for poor people in Cairo. Following the report of 2005, the government announced a series of planned projects to tackle the housing problem in Cairo along with the cooperation of UNDP. Further, international aid organizations such as the USAID and GTZ also came forward to help in several housing projects. However, in spite of such measures there is need for further development to control the continued encroachment on agricultural lands and lack of proper housing for the poor. There is a view expressed by several scholars that informal housing is actually a solution to provide housing to the poor people in Cairo (O’Donnell, 2013). While the government of Cairo fears that slums harm the modernisation of Cairo but at the same time, informal housing is a blessing in...
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...Predominantly within the post-modern, American context the "good life" is understood as the freedom and ability to do or posses whatever we want; a complete lack of nothing but the ability to posses anything one might desire. However, in Robert Neuwirth's book "Shadow Cities" readers are introduced to multiple people groups, more commonly known as "squatters", who's lifestyles and beliefs challenge what many might consider the good life as generally accepted by members of Western civilization. As Neuwirth takes us from Rocinha, Rio De Janeiro to Istanbul the reader is continuously faced with the same three issues plaguing our world: the fact that the worlds population is steadily increasing at an alarming rate, that everyone must have a place to live and that housing costs and must be lowered in order to provide the amount of houses necessary to sustain our world's growing population (Neuwirth xiii). In this paper I will seek to summarize Neuwirth's book, "Shadow Cities", beginning with a brief history of the squatter community. When comparing past and present examples of squatter communities Neuwirth begins by noting that, "very little has changed since the Middle Ages. The barracks of Rocinha, the mud huts of Kibera, the wooden shanties of Behrampada, or the original Gecekondu houses in Sarigazi are not far removed the dwellings that were common centuries ago in Europe and North America." With very little difference between communities of the past and present it becomes apparent...
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