...Small Pox and the Indians Throughout our history books we read time and time again about different groups of people who had to endure death and devastation from different occurrences, such as war, genocide or disease. I would like to talk about one of those occurrences, which is only briefly mentioned to us, which is the effect that smallpox had on the Indian communities that occupied the land that would eventually become the United States. To begin, I will briefly explain smallpox, which is an acute contagious disease caused by the variola virus. Its major symptoms are: fever, vomiting, head and back aches, rash and lesions on the skin (known as pox) and a horrible smell, which could last up to a month. The fatality rate of this disease ranges between thirty and fifty percent, sometimes more among the Indian demographic. The virus is spread through human contact and occasionally through inanimate objects such as cloth. The good thing about smallpox is that once infected its survivors are then immune to the disease for life, so the virus constantly need a new human host to survive. The Indians would not come into contact with the small pox virus until the arrival of the European colonists. Since the Indians had not experienced small pox and had no immunity to the disease, so once exposed to it they were very susceptible to it and it often created an epidemic within their communities, which would nearly wipe out whole tribes at times. At this time, the Indians did not...
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...The most important aspect of public health is focusing on the health of the general population, rather than an individual patient. Most people are unaware of what public health educators do for their job. The goals of public health is to help prevent illnesses, deaths, disease, and injuries at a population level (Jacbosen, 2014). What public health means to me is that it is the start of everything. They are the ones who find out about the disease and research on how to cure or prevent it. Public health also helps to promote health behaviors, identifiying hazardous parts of a community, and providing health education to those who do not have access to health services. The history of public health in the United States started with the work of...
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...Health Care Museum Monica Joshua HCS/235 July 2,2014 Health Care Museum After reading this week chapters and having the knowledge of heath care field, I have came to understand that there are several aspects from vaccines to new disease. In this paper I will discuss five exhibits and how it has changed health care. Vaccine Vaccine has played a huge role in human history. Dr. Edward Jenner, introduced the first vaccination in 1796 for small pox. In 1809 there was only the state of Massachusetts that mandated vaccination for small pox and other states followed. In 1879, the Anti-Vaccination Society of America stated that no one should be mandated to be vaccinated due to the vaccine causing corruption in the blood and also cause the spread of disease instead of curing it. Penicillin Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. Before penicillin was introduced there was no cure for infections. He observed that Staphylococcus had been contaiminated by a blue-green mold but discovered that bacteria adjacent to the mold were being dissolved. Birth The delivery of babies has changed tremendously in health care. In early years women was forbidden to practice medicine. If they did they were considered being witches and were put to death. Barber-surgeon was most common medical practitioners that delivered babies. Health Insurance In the early 1900’s health insurance seemed to be inevitable. In 1912, President Roosevelt endorsed health insurance. The American Association...
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...[pic] TERM PAPER ON Give the detailed mechanism of chicken pox Course Name: INTRODUCTION of health & disease Course Code: Phr883 Submitted To: Submitted By: MISS ANANIA ARJUNA Nagesh MR.RAHUL BHASKAR Reg. No: 3050071035 Seat no-46 B.Tech-M.Tech Sem-7th(cse) TABLE OF CONTENT |S.NO |C0NTENT |PAGE NO. | |1 |chickenpox: AN INTRODUCTION |3 | |2 |causes of Chicken Pox |3 | |3 |How chickenpox spread |3-4 | |4 |Chickenpox Transmission |4 | |5 |Who gets chickenpox |5 | |6 |The symptoms of chickenpox ...
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...American society and killed many habitants. Richard S. Dunn mentions Crosby’s research for his book in The Journal of American History. He states that Crosby’s book primarily discusses in context of Columbian exchange of diseases, food plants, and livestock between the New and Old worlds. He describes, “The American aborigines came off much worse in the disease exchange, since they were almost wiped out by post-Columbian epidemics of smallpox and other eruptive fevers, whereas the Europeans were much less hard hit by syphilis-and it is still not conclusively established that Columbus' returning sailors carried syphilis to the Old World…” (Crosby 420) Crosby’s book says that the post Columbian voyages to the American territory brought small pox into the native society. Columbus’ exaggerated exchange around the world has spread diseases to other continents and killed many natives who have got in contact with European...
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...deliver a good paper on this subject. I have wanted to dig into the controversy about immunizations for a while now. The main reason is that my wife was not immunized and it was a strong desire of hers that her kids are not immunized. I was immunized and always thought I would immunize my children. I think this subject for me would be extremely beneficial to learn more about. There have been numerous claims of immunizations causing autism, and other serious medical conditions. Are theses claims all hype or are they truth? This is what I intend to learn for myself. In the early 1900's we as a people started with one vaccine against small pox. To vaccinate fully in today's society it means 48 vaccines in the first 6 years of your child's life. That is a lot of vaccines compared to twenty years ago, but is it worth the risk? I am the father of two small children and the idea of something happening to them on my watch scares me to death. For me to take them to the doctor and have an immunization give them brain damage or worse is just not a scenario that I would be able to cope with. The flipside however is that immunizations are there so that when a virus like polio or whooping cough goes viral the child that has had the immunizations are much safer. The research question is, Are Immunizations worth the risk? There is so much information on this subject and I am very excited to find out more about it. 2. The main source of information that I have received on immunizations has...
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...History of Community Nursing Matrix Past Period 1: Historical Time Period: Colonial period in America was “characterized by human existence” described by Stanhope & Lancaster (2012, p23). Nursing Role in Community: Caring for the infirmed was undertaken by the female head of the house, which meant there was no formal training caring for sick members of the household. It was also the responsibility of the female head of the household to grow and gather herbs used for healing. Major Health Issues: Yellow fever, small pox, cholera, typhoid, typhus, TB, and malaria. Poor sanitation systems, and poor control over communicable disease that entered the country through seaports made it difficult to organize and support any public health effort that could curtail the spread of sickness (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012). Partnerships Used: The colonist relied on British traditions to establish a system of caring for the sick. The Elizabeth Poor Laws “guaranteed medical care for the poor, blind, and lame. Each county or township was responsible to care for their residents” (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012, p.24). As time evolved and the American Revolution was over, the public began to understand and support the need for government sponsored boards of health and they were established. The sponsored boards collected vital statisitics, sanitation improvements, and control of communicable diseases (Stanhope &Lancaster, 2012). During the colonial period, it seemed as...
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...SOLOMON SMART KALUBA ID: UB28902SPU37458 PUBLIC HEALTH ASSIGNMENT: DEFINATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, ITS USE AND EXAMPLES OF SUCCESS DATE OF SUBMISSION: 5/02/2014. ANTLANTIC INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY HONOLULU, HAWAII Contents Introduction 2 The Historical Context 2 Recent developments in Epidemiology 2 Definition, scope and use of epidemiology 4 Distribution 5 Determinants 5 Health- related states or events 6 Specified populations 6 Application 7 Scope 7 Epidemiology versus Public Health 7 Causation of diseases 8 Achievements in Epidemiology 9 Small pox 9 Methyl Mercury Poisoning 10 Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease 11 Iodine Deficiency Disease 11 Tobacco use, Asbestos and Lung Cancer 12 Hip Fractures 12 HIV/AIDS 13 Global AIDS epidemic 1990–2003 13 SARS 14 Conclusion 15 Bibliography 16 Introduction This essay provides a brief summary of what epidemiology is, what it is used for and discusses the major successes epidemiologist have contributed towards control and eradication of major epidemics. The discussion will also touch on the historical context and development of the emergency of epidemiology as a science and art, and give example of some of the people that greatly contributed to the achievement scored in epidemiology studies and applications. The Historical Context Epidemiology originated from the Hippocrates` observation more than 200 years ago who identified environmental factors to have an influence...
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...In the columbian exchange global trade was a major part of our history. North america and africa and europe were major players in this exchange. Global trade became a big success in the columbian exchange, things that america, europe, africa, exchanged with each other was food, tools, gold, silver, other kinds of goods to. In the columbian exchange people traded food and animal’s tool’s and other kinds of things and also slaves were traded types of food traded were sweet potato, peppers, tomato, corn, caco beans, sugar cane, banana, peach pear, honey bee, live stock was new in north america, like cattle, sheep, pig, horse. In document 2 it shows you that indian natives started breeding cattle and they also started haveresting sow wheat making into bread. And selling it. They had also planted there our lands of fruit and trees. Another impact was that with all that silver and gold the spainards became rich. The more they collected gold and sliver the more they became richer. The spainard’s didn’t really exchange gold,sliver with the native people they stole it from them. The native people were used as slaves to dig up the gold and sliver for the spainards. In document 4 it shows you they have exported 6 million ounces...
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... but it mostly comes in relation with the processes of the disease. Also not only is it about processes but it also about the cure and the curing of patients of the disease. People that inherent the epidemiological approach, they study the frequency of occurrence of the disease in the population. The epidemiologist has a belief that studying the interactions of the disease it will be possible to change and manipulate some of the determinants involved and reduce the amount of times the disease occurs in the population. One the diseases that provide epidemiologists the opportunity to study the disease and provide intervention is chicken pox. Also known as varicella, chicken pox is a highly contagious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus. The disease leaves patients with a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which scab over. This disease usually starts at the face and then quickly develops to the chest and back and then spreads to the rest of the body. Chickenpox is usually seen in younger children in middle school and younger. This disease is not as severe in children as it is in adults. There are many symptoms of this disease. Many symptoms include fever, feeling tired, and also headaches. These symptoms usually last five to ten days. There are many complications and these complications occasionally include pneumonia,...
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...leaders was that he had courage. “In The battle of the Wilderness, Washington had two horse shot from beneath him”(Pg.1 What Made George Washington a Good Leader). Having horses shot from under him did not cause him to falter and he pushed on with his troops and led them to victory. Washington also demonstrated these similar traits in the battles of Yorktown and Trenton; he even demonstrated courage during the Continental army’s stay at Valley Forge .He also displayed courage while being doubted by many people such as his soldiers and officers. He decided to inoculate his troops in order to save them from dying of small pox. During the battle of Trenton Washington once more displayed courage by deciding to have his troops cross the Delaware River and fight the Hessians. The troops could have been sitting ducks while stuck in ice; this single decision could have changed history itself. If...
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...even dangerous” (Kata 3778). The internet and other forms of mass media have steered parents to believe these claims and it has had devastating results. It has been proven by scientists for hundreds of years that the use of vaccinations greatly outweighs the risk of not getting them. The research shows that the claim that vaccines cause autism or any other disease cannot be substantiated by any scientific evidence and therefore, should not be entertained under any circumstances. The background of the anti-vaccination movement is an old one. The United Kingdom’s Vaccination Act of 1853 is a good example of this. The act required parents to vaccinate their children for small pox at three months or risk life in prison. This is a harsh punishment for the parents, but considering the millions of deaths that small pox has caused world-wide, lawmakers at the time considered it a just penalty. “The anti-vaccination movement experienced a steady decline from the turn of the century up to the 1970's” (Kasarda 548). After the 1970’s there was a resurgence in the anti-vaccination movement. This is due to research from a group of authors working at London Hospital. “M. Kulenkampf, J.S. Schwartzman and J. Wilson published a study of 36 children with neurological problems, which, according to their research, were the result of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccination” (Kasarda 548). This trend has continued for the last few decades and there has been a renewal in the anti-vaccination movement...
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...Conflicts leads to innovations this is a repetitive cycle. From conflicts throughout history there are changes being made which can lead to conflicts and this cycle is repeated. An example of the this cycle is the American Revolutionary War and World War 1. The American Revolutionary War was known to be the start of America gaining their independence which was a change in the country but as starting country many conflicts arising. During the American Revolutionary War the disagreement between America and Great Britain, For the colonists wanted their independence from Great Britain. The British did not agree with the innovation the colonists thought was solution. Leading them to war. The war lead many to die not from combat but rather from...
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...Influence of the Columbian Exchange History of Colonial Latin America Prof. Young Maria Gabriela Garcia The Columbian Exchange has been one of the most significant and influential events in the history of the world, concerning mainly of the widespread exchange of plants, animals, human population, diseases, ideas and technology. This term refers to the exchanges occurred between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres after 1492, Columbus’ voyages. Overall, the Columbian Exchange made a huge impact on both the Old World and the New World, including changes in production of crops, spread of diseases, and migration. The plants that comprised the Columbian Exchange, changed both the economy and the culture in the Old and New World....
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...History 347 1/27/15 Native American Hunter/Gatherer/Fisher Peoples * Upon migration from Eurasia, all American indians were hgf. Most ag peoples supplemented diets with hgf * This substinence strategy structured many aspects of Indians lives and societies * Its effectiveness and long term viability were shaped by techno, demographics, and sociopolitical relationships Where did NA hunt gather and fish? * Everywhere * Heavy reliant * Pacific coast * Great lakes * Great plains How did hgf peoples obtain food? Some consequences * Mobility * Seasonality of food * Annual migration cycles * Wild plants and animals * Lack of domestication=reduced disease resistance * Acquired immunity * Genetic immunity How did this subsistence strategy structure society? * Clan size=small * Flat social structure=not hierarchical * Kinship unites bands * Loose affiliations * Gendered division of labor * Usufruct property rights=right to use, not to own How did Pawnee Indians rely on hgf lifeways? Where did Plains people come from? * Clovis peoples arrive on Plains 9,000 BC * Plains people/culture emerge from these early arrivals * Simultaneously other culture groups emerge across the Americas * Each defined by culture, language, geographic boundaries, etc How did the Plains peoples mode of production develop? * 9000 BC = Climate Warms * Bison hunting flourishes on...
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