...THE EFFECT OF HAWKERS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL CLOTHING BUSINESSES IN NGARA Ngare Melissa wangari 637249 Mutongu Lydia wanjiku 637888 Owuor Mark Kingsley 636340 Presented to: G. Nduati A research proposal submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirement for International Business Administration degree. United States International University Fall Semester 2014 Table of Contents ABSTRACT 4 CHAPTER 1 5 1.0 INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 Background of study 5 Small Businesses in Ngara – Nairobi Kenya 6 1.2 Problem statement 7 1.3 General objective 8 1.4 Specific objectives 8 1.5 Research justification 8 1.5.1 The researcher 8 1.5.2 The small businesses 8 1.5.3 The hawkers 8 1.5.4 The government 9 1.6 RESEARCH SCOPE 9 1.7 Chapter Summery 10 CHAPTER 2 11 2.1 Introductions 11 2.2 Extent to which the prevalence of hawkers affect the growth of small clothing business along Ngara road 11 2.3 Effects of hawkers on sales strategies of small clothing businesses along Ngara 13 2.4 Extent to which the presence of hawkers affects the pricing strategy of small clothing business in Ngara 15 CHAPTER THREE 17 3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 17 3.1 Introduction 17 3.2 Research design 17 3.3 Population and sampling design 17 3.3.1 Population 17 3.3.2 Sampling Design 17 3.3.2.1 Sampling Frame 17 3.3.2.2 Sampling technique 18 3.4 Data Collection 18 3.5 Research Procedure 18 3.6 Data Analysis 18 3.7 Chapter Summary 19 Research questionnaire 20 Interview statements 21 REFERENCES...
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...efficiency enhancements that result, claiming that “in a free market, large suppliers of nearly everything will drive most small suppliers out of business.” Wal-Mart watch, one of the largest Anti-Wal-Mart organizations, features an academic article claiming that in Iowa, Wal-Mart’s expansion has been responsible for widespread closings of ‘mom and pop’ stores, including 555 grocery stores, 298 hardware stores, 293 building suppliers,161 variety shops, 158 women’s stores, and 116 pharmacies. Perhaps because of its size and success, unlike most other firms, Wal-Mart’s ability to open new stores is decided within the political process. State and local economic development authorities, and state courts, in most cases make the final decisions on whether to allow the entry of a specific new Wal-Mart store. These decisions are often influenced by arguments about the harm done to small businesses. For example, in her comments to a local reporter surrounding the city commission’s vote on allowing a new Wal-Mart store, Aberdeen, South Dakota city commissioner Pat Klabo stated “If this were a moral decision, we would have voted right away in favor of the ‘mom and pop’ stores.” Even President Clinton's former Secretary of Labor, Robert B. Reich, writes in the New York Times that Wal-Mart will turn “main streets into ghost towns by sucking business away from small retailers. These previous estimates of the negative impact of Wal-Mart on other businesses, such as the numbers cited...
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...tight, many Americans venture out and launch their own enterprise. Times may be tough, but the American entrepreneurial spirit is tougher.” - Nydia M. Velazquez Small businesses are starting up every day across the nation, new business founders are spewing with talented ideas, creating job opportunities as well as goods and services in hope to drive our economy back into good standing. Currently speaking, successful small businesses are a key strategy to increase our economy’s recovery stage. Small businesses lead our economy in many ways; not only are they fulfilling the needs, wants and desires of consumers, they are creating jobs as well as supporting banks and lending companies stay in business by borrowing money. All successful, big corporations were once small businesses and with high demand from consumers of its goods and services, the business is able to expand, create more revenue and hopefully become a successful, profitable company. The growth for small businesses in our economy is vital, especially during tough times of high unemployment rates. The SBA states, small business firms with fewer than 500 employees drives the U.S. economy by providing jobs for over half of the nation's private workforce as well as making up more than 99.7% of all employers. Also, small businesses are responsible for 75% of all new jobs within the economy. With those numbers, we see the importance in the growth of small businesses and why adequate funding should be tolerated within banks...
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...Small business network management: just another job or an exciting career? Managing a small business network can be tough work, but it is a fun and exciting career, than provides endless opportunities for learning new technologies and ideas. Although this is a good career choice, there are many times where this job can be frustrating and tough. The frustrating times come when mission critical equipment fails, or a configuration file gets corrupted. First I will talk about the equipment needed to make a small business network function, with minimal errors. Next I will explain the pros and cons to managing a small business network. Lastly I will talk about what I recommend for a small business network. To start the body off, I will be explaining what equipment is needed to start a small business network. First we have our routers and switches. Routers perform many functions, one of which is serving as a firewall. Computers have tens of thousands of ports, or "doors" as this essay will refer to them as. Without a firewall, all the doors on the computer are unlocked and available for anyone to use. Anyone could be your brother sending an email, or hacker from Indonesia using your computer to send SPAM. Firewall's will recognize all the doors your computer isn't using and lock them, so no one can use the doors, unless you know the password for the firewall. Routers also have various other functions, which may or may not be used by businesses; it all depends on your application....
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...substitution to small scale industries with immense potentials for developing domestic linkages for rapid, sustainable industrial development. Apart from their potential for ensuring a self reliant industrialization, in terms of ability to rely largely on local raw materials, small scale enterprises are also in a better position to boost employ raw materials, small and medium enterprise, are also in a better position to boost employment, guarantee a more even distribution of industrial development in the country, including the rural areas, and facilitate the growth of non-oil exports. In Nigeria, the definition of small and medium enterprises also varies from time to time and according to institutions, for instance, the Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) monetary policy circular No:27 of 1988 define small scale enterprises (excluding general commerce) as enterprises in which total investment (including land and working capital) did not exceed #500,000 and or the annual turn-over did not exceed #5.0 million. Medium enterprise (excluding general commerce) as enterprises in which total investment and not exceed #1,000,0000 (1 million) and the annual turnover did not exceed #1.2 million. Small scale enterprises is one of the modern strategies underdeveloped countries are employing to break into the “league” of developed countries. Fasua (2006:85) categorized business that fall under small scale as follows firewood supply, plantain production, restaurant services, small scale poultry raising...
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...Small Business Management | | | | Table of Contents Question 1: 3 Full Absorption Costing: 3 Direct Costing: 3 Question 4: 6 ACCION USA Small Business Loans: 7 Mississippi Capital Access Loan Program 7 Ohio Mini-Loan Guarantee Program 8 Iowa Target Small Business Assistance Program: 9 Montana Indian Equity Fund: 9 Question 3: 9 Bibliography 12 Question 1: In the field of accounting, there are two different ways of allocating production and other costs to products and services. Full Absorption Costing: It is a managerial accounting cost method of expensing all the costs to products and services. Under this approach, products and services are charged with all the prime costs as well as fixed overheads. All the fixed manufacturing overheads are divided amongst products and services based on number of units of products produced, number of units of labor used or amount of administrative expenses incurred on respective products/services. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires it for external reporting purposes. It helps in calculation of taxes and generating sales reports. It is an important technique to determine whether retail prices of a company reflect its full absorption costs. It is also important for such companies, which do not have deep pockets, and allocating all the overhead costs on products/services is extremely necessary to determine cost of their products. Direct Costing: It is a technique more suitable for internal...
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...opportunities for small businesses, including the role of the Small Business Administration (SBA). Then, evaluate the effectiveness of these funding opportunities in light of the current economy. • In this time of economic challenges, suggest two ways that the SBA might be of assistance to your small business. Explain how you would request this assistance. Small businesses have two major options for funding; a bank loan or pursue the Small Business Administration (SBA). A bank loan is standard, acceptance is granted based on a business plan, credit score, collateral and likeliness of success. The same process can be accomplished through the SBA but grants are also available. A grant would be the best option for the start of a small business because these monies do not have to be paid back where as payment of a loan is definite as well as interest. Even if a small business were given a grant in addition to a loan it would only benefit. The SBA would be helpful in today’s economy because they provide information of how to start a business and how to create a business plan. Also, information on government contracts, how laws could effect your business and taxes is available for anyone wanting to start a small business. • Compare and contrast three different types of entrepreneurs and state which you are most likely to emulate should you begin a small business. • Assess the impact of globalization and information technology on the creation of small businesses...
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..."Double taxation" refers to the fact that the corporation itself must pay taxes on its net profits, and the stockholders must also pay taxes on the portion of those same profits distributed to them as dividends.Answer T "Knocking on the doors" of businesses an entrepreneur would like to buy—although they are not advertised "for sale"—is a waste time. Answer F ____ percent of small businesses sell on credit.Seventy-seven ____ recognizes any improvement in quality may improve a company’s competitive ability.Return on quality _____ are those things that a business owns which have value.Assets _____ is simply the money owed the firm by customers because they’ve purchased goods or services on credit. Accounts receivable ______ gives owners the security of a sales contract but permits them to stay at the “helm” for several years.The two-step sale ______ is a small number of customers to give you feedback on specific issues in your business—quality, convenience, hours of operation, service, and so on.Focus Group ______ is not a primary goal of a competitive intelligence program: All these are primary goals of a competitive intelligence program ______ is the process of creating and delivering desired goods and services to customers, and involves all of the activities associated with winning and retaining loyal customers. Marketing ______ publishes Annual Statement Studies, showing ratios and other financial data for over 650 different industrial, retail, and wholesale...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Every industry operates within two sets of constraints. Internal constraints are those problems within the organization and over which the enterprise has reasonable amount of control. Personnel problem, capacity utilization and the techniques or process of production are some of such factors. External factors could pose formidable problems to an enterprise. The problems are made more severe by the fact that these problems are caused by factors outside the competence of a given enterprise to control. Examples of such factors are government regulation, traditional or cultural values etc. The bakery industry in Nigeria has been a victim of externally imposed constraint. Hitherto, bakers depended on local millers who produced their vital raw materials, flour from imported wheat. Government banned the importation of wheat and wheat product in 1986, thereby, sending shock waves to this very well established and expanding industry. Wheat products has started to consume an unacceptable amount of the nation’s foreign exchange as the table 1.1.1 below clearly demonstrates, as well as figure 1.1.1 in page 3. Table 1.1.1 Foreign Exchange Spent on Wheat and Food Import 1981 – 1985 Import 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 N,000 N,000 N,000 N,000 N,000 Total food 1,820,215 1,642,245 1,296,714 843,246 946,567 Wheat 159,422 79,629 255,717 243,067 327,870 C/o of total 9% 5% 20% 29% 35%` Source: Federal Office of Statistics...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Every industry operates within two sets of constraints. Internal constraints are those problems within the organization and over which the enterprise has reasonable amount of control. Personnel problem, capacity utilization and the techniques or process of production are some of such factors. External factors could pose formidable problems to an enterprise. The problems are made more severe by the fact that these problems are caused by factors outside the competence of a given enterprise to control. Examples of such factors are government regulation, traditional or cultural values etc. The bakery industry in Nigeria has been a victim of externally imposed constraint. Hitherto, bakers depended on local millers who produced their vital raw materials, flour from imported wheat. Government banned the importation of wheat and wheat product in 1986, thereby, sending shock waves to this very well established and expanding industry. Wheat products has started to consume an unacceptable amount of the nation’s foreign exchange as the table 1.1.1 below clearly demonstrates, as well as figure 1.1.1 in page 3. Table 1.1.1 Foreign Exchange Spent on Wheat and Food Import 1981 – 1985 Import 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 N,000 N,000 N,000 N,000 N,000 Total food 1,820,215 1,642,245 1,296,714 843,246 946,567 Wheat 159,422 79,629 255,717 243,067 327,870 C/o of total 9% 5% 20% 29% 35%` Source: Federal Office of Statistics...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Every industry operates within two sets of constraints. Internal constraints are those problems within the organization and over which the enterprise has reasonable amount of control. Personnel problem, capacity utilization and the techniques or process of production are some of such factors. External factors could pose formidable problems to an enterprise. The problems are made more severe by the fact that these problems are caused by factors outside the competence of a given enterprise to control. Examples of such factors are government regulation, traditional or cultural values etc. The bakery industry in Nigeria has been a victim of externally imposed constraint. Hitherto, bakers depended on local millers who produced their vital raw materials, flour from imported wheat. Government banned the importation of wheat and wheat product in 1986, thereby, sending shock waves to this very well established and expanding industry. Wheat products has started to consume an unacceptable amount of the nation’s foreign exchange as the table 1.1.1 below clearly demonstrates, as well as figure 1.1.1 in page 3. Table 1.1.1 Foreign Exchange Spent on Wheat and Food Import 1981 – 1985 Import 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 N,000 N,000 N,000 N,000 N,000 Total food 1,820,215 1,642,245 1,296,714 843,246 946,567 Wheat 159,422 79,629 255,717 243,067 327,870 C/o of total 9% 5% 20% 29% 35%` Source: Federal Office of...
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...sellers present their bids in a written format after discussing all aspects of the specifications with the buyer. It is important to note that when the purchasing is done from women-owned or minority-owned firms, a stricter more complicated process is involved since more qualifications asked of them. The same applies to small-businesses. Small businesses that use competitive bidding usually have prior experience of the process. However, if they small business lacks the proper and prior experience, it may have to educate itself with culture ad nature of competitive bidding. To help with such need, the US Small Business Administration (SBA) provides excellent learning resources for these small businesses in order to properly get involved in competitive bidding. There are major elements of this process that are important to both the buyer and the seller. From the point of view of the buyer, it is always important to identify the right supplier who has prior experience and full resources needed to meet the requirement of the bid. Some examples of experience involve qualifications, prior achievements, responsiveness, and of course cost. Since evaluating a proposal is time-consuming, buyers usually require bidders to go through formal qualification process in order to study their history, experience, and over-all performance. The buyer then selects the most trust party who will provide the buyer with most if not all of their requirements. On the other hand, the seller is not allowed...
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...# | Name | Roll # | 1 | Muhammad Moslem Uddin | 88 | 2 | Md. Rafiqul Islam | 102 | 3 | Quazi Md. Osman Gani | 148 | 4 | Md. Khdimul Islam | 162 | 5 | Md. Wasib Amin | 178 | Section: B, 18th Batch, Department of Marketing, University of Dhaka. ABSTRACT In the process of economic development Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a pivotal role in poverty alleviation and rapid industrialization of the developing countries like Bangladesh. In this paper we tried to appraise the Problems and Prospects of SMEs in Bangladesh. We observed from the research that non availability of adequate credit, complex loan granting procedure, inadequate infrastructure facilities, problems of collateral requirements, paucity of working capital, non availability of skilled work force, poor salary structure, lack of coordination among SME related organizations, lack of appropriate marketing strategies etc. are the major hindrances to the development of the SMEs in Bangladesh. In order to overcome the problems researchers have tried to provide some recommendations for the developments of SMEs in Bangladesh based on sound reasoning. Background of the Assignment Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) act as a vital player for the economic growth, poverty alleviation and rapid industrialization of the developing countries like Bangladesh. SMEs are significant in underlying country’s economic growth, employment generation and accelerated industrialization. Government of Bangladesh...
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...“A Study of Small Business Failure” Presented To: Dr. Roosevelt Ratliff, Jr. Action Research Facilitator By Shanika Williams ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT Cohort #34 In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Bachelor of Science TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………3 Description of the Problem………………………………………………………..…4 The Purpose of the Research…………………………………………………………7 The History, Setting, and Background of the Problem……………………………….8 Scope of the Research…………………………………………………………………9 Importance/Significance of the Research…………………………………………….10 Definition of Terms……………………………………………………………………12 II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE…………………………………………………15 III. DESIGN OF THE STUDY…………………………………………………………...26 IV. FINDINGS……………………………………………………………………………..27 V. SUMMARY OF RESULTS…………………………………………………………...33 VI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS……………………………………..34 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………….37 INTRODUCTION Why do some businesses succeed when others fail? While it may seem to be a matter of luck, in reality there are common mistakes that kill many small businesses before they ever get off the ground. When a business owner starts a new business, the last thing you want to focus on is failure. But if you address the common reasons for failure up front, you'll be much less likely to fall victim to them yourself. This is a far cry from the previous long-held belief that 50 percent of businesses fail in the first...
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...79 years, the national minimum wage has been raised 22 times (Minimum Wage Mythbusters). The wage has been increased due to inflation, or the decrease in value of currency. With inflation, everyday objects cost more than they did 70 years ago. The minimum wage today is less compared to the minimum wage of 1981. The base pay needs to be raised for the good of the people, and the good of the country. Increasing minimum wage in the United States will reduce its poverty, boost economic activity, and benefit and reward...
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