...Discuss the social identity issues present in the case Social Identity theory basically is a theory that explains self-concept (what a person thinks about themself and how they analyze themselves) to be a combination of personal identity – their unique characteristics and social identity – their membership in different social groups. There are numerous Social Identity issues in the case. Firstly, Catherine’s father is an accountant which is one of the factors that she chooses to be an accountant as well. Another identity is that she is studying and graduating from Flagship University while getting good grades and being involved in “highly regarded” student clubs. Individuals tend to identify with groups that have high status since it enables them to have higher self-enhancement (the view of being successful, competent and valued). LJI is another big social identity for Catherine. The prestigious reputation coupled with elegant offices allows her to leverage the Company as an identity for herself. Catherine’s social identity is also shaped by the professional appearance of other employees in the office. Her involvement in baseball, soccer and picnics with the Company further solidifies this identity. She also joins AICPA and other professional organizations in order to be associated with individuals similar to her. Her social identity is further enhanced when people in these professional organizations are impressed by the fact that she works for LJI. This identity of an...
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...Introduction People want to feel accepted and connected to other people. Even though everyone’s social lives look different, most people fear isolation and search for their social identity. The Social Identity Theory unpacks the process of gaining one’s social identity and explains the competitive trends between social groups. This paper will first give an in-depth summary of SIT that will be later applied to a movie example that connects directly to the theory. Lastly, I will share my interpretations of the movie and the Social Identity Theory through the lens of my application process. Summary of Social Identity Theory The Social Identity Theory is formed around people’s association with their social groups. A social group is defined as...
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...and are projected to become even more important in the future due to increasing differences in the population of many countries. Companies need to focus on diversity and look for ways to become totally inclusive organizations because diversity has the potential of yielding greater productivity and competitive advantages. Managing and valuing diversity is a key component of effective people management, which can improve workplace productivity. Unmanaged diversity in the workplace might become an obstacle for achieving organizational goals. Therefore diversity can be perceived as a “double-edged sword”. 2. Concepts of Diversity Diversity is a subjective phenomenon, created by group members themselves who on the basis of their different social identities categorize others as similar ...
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...is by race, gender, culture, or religion, it is something that is almost always present in human interactions, and often times can be completely subconscious. In our textbook Interpersonal Communication by Kory Floyd, an ingroup is defined as “A group of people with whom one identifies.” An outgroup is conversely defined as “A group of people whom one does not identify.” Henri Tajfel first coined this terminology while he was working to devise his social identity theory. These ideas of classifying people into ingroups and outgroups can lead to many different social behaviors in society. Three major phenomena that are most commonly linked with ingroups and outgroups are, ingroup bias, social influence, and group homogeneity. Better understanding of these four ideas, and how they work with and against each other will allow for a clearer appreciation of why many different interpersonal interactions take place in the manner that they do. Henri Tajfel pioneered these concepts in 1970 when he was investigating his concept of social identity theory. In his study, titled Experiments in Intergroup Discrimination, the aim of his experiments was to, “Demonstrate that merely putting people into groups (categorization) is sufficient for people to discriminate in favor of their own group and against members of the other group.” He did so by conducting two different experiments. Both entailed large groups of young boys ages 14 and 15 being split into two distinct groups. In the first experiment...
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...PSY 496 Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………3 Factors of Bullying………………………………………………...4 Strategies in Combating Bullying…………………………………7 Conclusion…………………………………………………………11 Reference…………………………………………………………..13 Abstract Bullying has occurred in our school for many years. There has been research done on bullying and the causes of why it happens. Bullying was not considered a big deal and was just an ordinary part of growing up until recently. With school shooting occurring and bullying being mentioned as a cause, it became more important to study why bullying has risen. We must study why there seem to be more bullies in the school system and what can be done to help protect the victims of bullies. When doing a quantitative research the aim is to determine the relationship between the independent variable and a dependent variable. Although an experimental research design is considered the strongest of all designs, a descriptive study would be less likely to have bias due to the number of participants. When surveying participants involved in bullying, statistics can show if intervention has helped with the bullying being done and victims of being bullied. Many questions are asked when it comes to bullying, such questions are: where is bullying most common? Who to tell when you are being bullied? What are the characteristics of bullies? What are the characteristics of victims of bullying? Does intervention help bullies as...
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...and Human Development, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA Abstract Purpose – The use of teams in organizations given the current trend toward globalization, population changes, and an aging workforce, especially in high-income countries, makes the issue of diverse team building critical. The purpose of this paper is to explore the issue of team diversity and team performance through the examination of theory and empirical research. Specifically, the paper seeks to answer the question: “How might individuals with diverse characteristics such as culture, age, work experience, educational background, aptitude and values, become successful team members?”. Design/methodology/approach – A review of theories that are pertinent to individual differences and team formation, including social identity theory, mental models, inter contact theory, social comparison theory, and chaos theory, was conducted. Team formation and diversity literature were reviewed to identify ways of developing diverse and effective teams. Findings – It is a truism that working together in teams is a smart way of achieving organizational performance goals. This paper discusses the theories, research and practices that underlie the development of efficient and effective teams. It demonstrates that recognizing the underlying individual differences, mental models, and assumptions that team members bring to the organization can help build teams that...
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...Business & Society http://bas.sagepub.com/ Corporate Social Performance As a Competitive Advantage in Attracting a Quality Workforce Daniel W. Greening and Daniel B. Turban Business Society 2000 39: 254 DOI: 10.1177/000765030003900302 The online version of this article can be found at: http://bas.sagepub.com/content/39/3/254 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: International Association for Business and Society Additional services and information for Business & Society can be found at: Email Alerts: http://bas.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://bas.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://bas.sagepub.com/content/39/3/254.refs.html Downloaded from bas.sagepub.com at INDIAN INST OF MGMNT on May 10, 2011 Greening, Turban / CORPORATE SOCIAL BUSINESS & SOCIETY / September 2000 PERFORMANCE Corporate Social Performance as a Competitive Advantage in Attracting a Quality Workforce DANIEL W. GREENING DANIEL B. TURBAN University of Missouri Several researchers have suggested that a talented, quality workforce will become a more important source of competitive advantage for firms in the future. Drawing on social identity theory and signaling theory, the authors hypothesize that firms can use their corporate social performance (CSP) activities to attract job applicants. Specifically, signaling theory suggests that...
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...workplace. Although the literature covers a wide variety of such theories, this review will focus on four major themes, which emerge repeatedly throughout the literature reviewed and explains the difference between group work at university and in the workplace. These themes are: why should groups be formed, the stages groups tend to go through, how do groups function effectively, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of working in a group. Although the literature presents these themes in a variety of contexts, this paper will primarily focus on their application to working in groups at university. Andrew Carnegie, a famous businessman, once said “ Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common vision. The ability to direct individual accomplishments toward organizational objectives. It is the fuel that allows common people to attain uncommon results ”. Individuals form groups for many reasons, which can be explained by the social identity theory. This theory, developed by Tajfel and Turner in 1979, describes that people behave in certain ways when they are associated with a group, and that groups give individuals a sense of belonging to the...
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...Use concepts and ideas from the social approach to explain the key issue you have studied (12 marks) The key issue I have studied is the abuse of detainees at Abu Ghraib. Abu Ghraib is a prison in Iraq and was used by the Iraqi government as a prison for many years. When the Iraqi government was removed from power, the prison was used to hold Iraqi detainees, who were guarded by soldiers from the USA. In April 2004 it was made public knowledge that the detainees were being tortured and dehumanised by the American soldiers. Newspapers were filled with photographs and descriptions of the torture of the Iraqi detainees and there was public disapproval of what was evidently intolerable treatment inflicted on them. One theory that could be used to explain the issue is Milgram’s agency theory of obedience. This theory could be used because the soldiers are trained to be agents of authority and believe they have a duty to protect America as agents of society thus as soldiers, they would be agents obeying the orders rather than autonomous individuals making their own decisions. The soldiers would not have been in an autonomous state, and would have therefore be more able to carry out the orders given to them by an authority figure. This may have been because the soldiers were under the impressions that they would not be held responsible for their actions hence they thought it was acceptable to torture the Iraqi detainees as well as degrading them in the process. ...
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...Christy McBride Evaluate explanations of group display of aggression (16 marks) Due to the restrictions of modern society, we can no longer engage in tribal warfare, but the biological need for aggression still stands. Arguably, this has been replaced by various modern group events such as sporting events. Tajfel proposed that the groups e.g sporting teams which people belonged to were an important source of pride and self-esteem. Groups give us a sense of social identity. Social identity theory states that the in-group will discriminate against the out-group to enhance their self-image. Xenophobia is an example of this in sporting events, where crowds take to chanting offensive slurs to the other team’s supporters. An explanation for this is because humans are altruistic towards members of their own group but intolerant towards outsiders. This could have been the biological mechanism that helped our ancestors to survive, due to them being suspicious towards outsiders and thus prevented attack. Furthermore the evolutionary explanation of group displays of aggression states that in modern society, the winning teams hold high status, therefore will have access to more resources and makes the members more attractive mates. Acts of aggressions such as tackling in football are related to good psychical health, which is attractive to females. Therefore, people support the best teams. Victory in matches also holds status for the fans, as they identify as the in-group as an attempt...
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...Katelyn Smith Social Psychology 9/25/14 Chapter 4 Reaction Assignment #4 Use your own experience to define and explain social identity theory. In which situations do you find yourself more likely to identify with a group? When are you most likely to see yourself as an individual? In what ways might this be culturally influenced? In my experience social identity theory is how you develop your own identity from certain social groups. I feel that I am the most bubbly and caring of my friend group while at home I feel like I am “the maid” because I’m always cleaning up after everyone. Situations I feel like I would be more likely to identify with a group is whenever my teachers give a group project, or being in a sorority. Situations in which I feel like I would see myself as an individual is when I am hanging out with my friends because each one of us has a different personality making us different and individual. In western cultures like the United States, people tend to emphasize individualism while many non-western cultures tend to emphasize collectivism. This makes cultural influences a huge deal because these values or traits are the social norms for your culture and if you don’t follow or believe them then you are not welcomed. Based on what you’ve learned about motivation, make a case for a hypothetical community service program you could implement at your university. What would you do to ensure that students were highly motivated to engage in the work, both...
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...CASE STUDY ASSIGNMENT 1 – HY DAIRIES LTD Karen Herridge Student ID# 0186147 1. Apply your knowledge of stereotyping and social identity theory to explain what went wrong here. Social Identity theory states that people define themselves by the groups to which they belong or have an emotional attachment. Rochelle easily identifies herself as a minority in the work place—a non-white female. In the case study, she says that she is one of the few non-white women in what is usually a male-dominated field: marketing management. Rochelle’s previous employer had made it clear that women could not handle the pressure in marketing management and for the most part place women in technical support positions after a brief term in lower band management. Because of this experience, Rochelle assumes that Syd Gilman and Hy Dairies are mirroring her last employer’s opinions and actions when in fact; Mr Gilman is trying to reward Rochelle’s hard work. Rochelle is stereotyping because she has organized Hy Dairies into a preconceived category that has been stored in her memory of her previous employer. This non-conscious, automatic process of thinking has led her to believe that she is being sidelined by the company. 2. What other perceptual error is apparent in this case study? Perceptual errors are short cuts in making judgements of others. I think the other perceptual error in this case study is the false-consensus effect or “similar to me effect”. This occurs when people overestimate...
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...in order to promote the product or service, Attention through Social influence and Identity (including strengths and weaknesses) • Celebrity Endorsement (social influence) Sophia • Self-perception (identity) Sophia CELEBRITY ENDORSMENT (social influence) social power- the capacity to alter actions of others Referent Power A person admires the qualities of a person or a group; tries to copy the referent’s behaviours Consumers voluntarily modify what they do and buy in order to identify with a referent • Product endorsements • Distinctive fashion statements • Championing causes Aligned messages • In messages to promote consumer behaviours, developers often incorporate images or wording depicting the frequency of the undesirable CB SELF PERCEPTION (identity) Self-concept is a collection of beliefs about one's own nature, unique qualities, and typical behaviour i.e., a collection of mental pictures of the self Weiten Dunn & Hammer 2012 Self identity/ Social identity Actual/ Ideal self OR social image Self Congruency Theory If perception of product’s image is consistent with self-identity, more positive attitude to and increased likelihood of purchasing product Social Identity theory People favour in-groups to enhance their self-esteem Identity in consumer behavior Choosing same products as in-group members facilitates communication of desired social identities Assimilation Product as a symbol of Ideal self Theory of...
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...Consequences of Social Categorization and Social Identity Theories Vernon Smith BA426 Managing Cultural Diversity vsmith003@regis.edu Consequences of Social Categorization and Social Identity Theories Introduction In the modern world, workforce diversity has developed to be among the most imperative elements. Many organizations including Apple Inc. and all over the world have employed diversity managers to help develop effective workforce diversification (Podsiadlowski et al., 2013). The increased interest in workforce diversity is not surprising. As organization move to develop organizational structures including teams and groups as well as multinational workforce, effective communication within diversified workforce becomes imperative for smooth functioning of organizations (Podsiadlowski et al., 2013). Diversity is often described in the context of the beneficial aspects of variety in the workforce. However, the definition of diversity still remains unclear. Van Ginkel and Homan (2013) state that the debate on diversity mostly confuses various forms of a variety of workforce. One way to achieve workforce variety is through social categorization, where group membership is determined by mutual characteristics such as race, sex, age, gender, and status. Legal provisions on diversity have continuously emphasized the creation of representative social categorization approach in the workforce of an organization (Podsiadlowski et al., 2013). In this context, the workforce demography...
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...existence. There are more or less 7 billion people living in this world and very few of them could mark their name by doing some exceptional things in their lives. Some are famous and loved by most of the people while there are some people who are notorious and people dislike them. But majority of the people in this world are simply good for nothing. They come and they die and nobody even notice their presence and their absence as well. (Olson, 2002) If we have to categorize the expression of identity we may find that basically there are two different classes of identity these are social identity and personal identity. Social identity is a collective identity. Social Identity refers to the procedure by which people use to be characterized themselves in terms as well as groups which they share in the company of other inhabitants in the society. (Deaux, 2001) Social identity theory is a prominent theory, which may highlights the way of social identification of the people. The theory of social identity is a theory, which is intended to...
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