...The Future of Juvenile Justice Clinton Hardy, Dominique Whitlock CJA /374 March 18, 2012 Bruce Clingan The Future of Juvenile Justice The state of juvenile justice system in American is at a crossroad. It is important that the states take more of an imitative at the local level to ensure the important components of the juvenile justice system are being met. This is a proposal for the juvenile justice system to adopt some of the aspects of the adult system by building a state of the art facility that houses probation, home confinement, work release, and community service all in one place. The necessity for these services is crucial to the commitment to rehabilitation of youthful offenders. This project is a joint venture with the Department of Corrections, the city government, and the Department of Juvenile Justice. There are three areas that this proposal will address as far as social need and the explanation for these services. The three areas of deficiency that have to be addressed in relation to delinquency are family life and financial need, diagnosis of mental disabilities, and the likelihood of offending based on ethnic background. The purpose of this new facility is not to punish, but to get to the root of the reason for offending. Mental Health of Juvenile Offenders The most effective way to diagnose the problems associated with juveniles who offend or continue to offend is to make sure that all offenders, at one point or another, have had a mental health...
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...Juvenile Justice CRJ 301 David MacKusick January 17, 2011 Juvenile Justice The juvenile justice system is much different from the adults, or at least that was the original intent. This paper is going to outline juvenile delinquency, discuss the strategies, the juvenile process and the intervention programs we can use to stop juvenile delinquency in the future. The Cook County Juvenile Court was established in 1899 on an informal basis. The parens patriae doctrine, which permitted the court to take charge of children in need. Children were not adults and should not be treated as such their problems could be discovered and treated; therefore, the courts develop a different system. This was not actual courtroom, it was a table and chairs where the judge could sit with the parents and discuss the matter at hand. Children could be brought to the court based on complaints. These hearings were not public and the records were kept confidential because the children were not considered criminal. Lawyers were not required and the same rules that applied in adult court were missing in juvenile court (Bartollas & Miller, 2011). This system was so attractive that most states adopted the same system. The criminal justice system is definitely a complex one and there is no exception when it comes to juveniles. The juvenile justice system however is based on the philosophy that children need to be protected and corrected, not necessarily punished. These are children...
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...any further criminal activity. This is done by setting up regular meetings with the offenders and their family members. They work with other agencies that are community based to try and help offenders with a range of services such as employment, housing, and so on. A young offender is a young person that has been convicted or cautioned for a criminal offence. The criminal justice system often deals with young offenders to adult offenders. The term young offender is applied to different age group depending on the age of criminal responsibility. In the United Kingdom there are three separate and distinct criminal justice systems; in England and Wales the age set for young offenders is 10 years and in Scotland the age for criminal responsibility is set at 12 (need citation). II. In a study conducted by Brookins and Hirsch (2002) entitled “Innocence Lost: Case Studies of Children in the Juvenile Justice System” the two talks about how the juvenile justice system is ineffective in working with young juveniles in helping them integrate with their families and communities based on reports. They pointed out the juvenile justice system lacks in providing information on the young offenders and family backgrounds as well as their efforts in engaging justice and social services to them over time. In addition, there seems to have a downward age trend in juvenile cases, the youngest being a six-year old. The research proposes examining this issue using the developmental perspective including...
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...Future of the Juvenile Justice System Proposal Gina Tompkins, Marcus Hall, Terri Washington, Victor Jones CJA 374 November 24, 2013 Bruce Clingan Future of the Juvenile Justice System Proposal The juvenile justice system is designed to correct and change the behavior of juvenile offenders. Change in behavior is an indication the system is working. If there is no change, the system is deemed ineffective and a team of juvenile justice consultants are called in to make corrections. In reality, this team is composed of four state officials whose sole purpose is to develop a proposal to present to the state legislature for recommendations of adjustments to the juvenile justice system. This team of consultants is creating these recommendations including all aspects of community, law enforcement, courts, corrections, and the private sector or privatization involvement. The community should be involved in the future of the juvenile justice system along with funding, awareness, and assistance from the state. Characteristics of the Golden Program and the Reclaiming Futures Program The recommendation to the state legislature is to improve the juvenile justice system by introducing proven ways of enhancing community involvement through community-based programs such as the Golden Program and the Reclaiming Futures Program. One proven way to improve effectiveness according to Nissen (2007), is a program named Golden (the integrated care network) that involves court personnel...
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...INTRODUCTION: Juvenile delinquency, legal term for behavior of children and adolescents that in adults would be judged criminal under law. In the United States, definitions and age limits of juveniles vary, the maximum age being set at 14 years in some states and as high as 21 years in others. The 16- to 20-year age group, considered adult in many places, has one of the highest incidences of serious crime. A high proportion of adult criminals have a background of early delinquency. Theft is the most common offense by children; more serious property crimes and rape are most frequently committed in later youth. The causes of such behavior, like those of crime in general, are found in a complex of psychological, social, and economic factors. Clinical studies have uncovered emotional maladjustments, usually arising from disorganized family situations, in many delinquents. Other studies have suggested that there are persisting patterns of delinquency in poverty-level neighborhoods regardless of changing occupants; this "culture of poverty" argument has come into disrepute among many social scientists. The gang, a source of much delinquency, has been a common path for adolescents, particularly in the inner cities. Not until the development, after 1899, of the juvenile court was judgment of youthful offenders effectively separated from that of adults. The system generally emphasizes informal procedure and correction rather than punishment. In some states, psychiatric clinics are attached...
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...Chapter One – Introduction 1.1: Introduction 1.2: Origin of the study 1.3: Objectives of the study 1.4: Data collection process 1.5: Limitations 1.1: Introduction Juvenile Delinquency is a terrible problem in the unequal management system of society of the modern world. Juvenile Delinquency is increasing for the fast and speedy development of Industrialization and Urbanization. Industrialization and Urbanization make changes the Family structure which increases the propensity of Juvenile Delinquency. A large scale of people has been shifted to City town from rural area and keeps staying in the abdomen. This also increases Juvenile Delinquency. Now Juvenile Delinquency has emerged as a matter of concern in Bangladesh in recent times with the number of children and young people involved in "criminal activities" rising at an alarming rate. In most of the cases this is not a deliberate choice for the children. Numerous social factors coupled with poor parenting, family troubles and above all extreme poverty are pushing these children to this anti-social position. A child is born innocent and if nourished with tender care and attention, he or she will be blossom with faculties physical, mental, moral and spiritual into a person of stature and excellence. On the other hand, noxious surroundings, neglect of basic needs, bad company and other abuses and temptations would spoil the child and likely to turn him a delinquent. Therefore, expressing his concern for Child...
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...Final Final As we look at the juvenile justice system today, it is very different from what it once was. Juveniles today have more access to technology and other forms of electronic gadgets that have allowed them to become delinquents. Many more juveniles are committing the same type of crimes as before, but within gangs or with other juveniles. So instead of giving the juvenile some type of a “slap” on the wrist punishment that many have not learned from, the evidence has shown new ways of reinforcement approaches have worked. There are ways of dealing with young offenders that are more effective and less costly than prosecuting them as adults and imposing harsh sentences. With the "get tough" reforms from different states and legislation, many juveniles have spent a historic time in adult prisons. Now, widespread legislations are attempting to change the requirements for transferring young offenders from juvenile courts to adult criminal courts, where mandatory minimum sentences and other factors make incarceration more likely. Although many criminal juvenile courts dismiss and overlook the fact that these are juveniles, regardless of the crime committed, youth are not similar to adults in ways important to determining responsibility, such as having an under-developed ability to understand the consequences of their actions. Many juveniles are overlooked at the disabilities they may have, such as ADHD, slow learning abilities or other mental setbacks. ...
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...Kendra V. Castro Maldonado CJA/374 Juvenile System and Process July 29, 2014 Prof. Victor Candelario- Vega Crime Causation and Diversion Paper As a prerequisite for the course, we were to analyze two different programs for juvenile offenders, this could be to prevent, to intervene or divert juveniles into committing any crime. On this paper, you will find two-intervention programs practiced in Puerto Rico, in a wish are focused to a certain type of crime or accountability. Enforcing Underage Drinking Laws. The program EUDL is focused on the prohibition of selling alcoholic beverages to minors, and it also focuses on the purchase and consumption of alcoholic beverages by minors. OJJDP's EUDL program supports and enhances efforts by States and local jurisdictions to reduce the availability of alcohol to minors. The program encourages close partnerships between law enforcement agencies and community groups involved in preventing and intervening in underage drinking. OJJDP also offers comprehensive training and technical assistance to guide States and communities in their efforts. Underage drinking contributes to youth violence, traffic injuries and fatalities, crime, suicide, high-risk sex, and a host of other problems. In 2005, underage drinkers (defined as individuals younger than21 years old) consumed 15 percent of all alcohol sold in the United States (Miller, 2006). To address this serious problem, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's (OJJDP's)...
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...models/eras of the Juvenile Justice System and which model to you agree with and why? The Juvenile Justice System has been marked by many shifts in thinking concerning how to treat juveniles. Before the twentieth century, Juveniles were considered property and were treated the same as adults in the criminal justice system. The move away from viewing children just as property to viewing them as those in need of protection happened during Europe’s Renaissance period. The Industrial Revolution brought early child labor laws and programs designed to alleviate the ill of urbanization are precursors to the juvenile justice system of today. In the sixteenth and seventeenth century the concept of rehabilitation began in puritan America. In 1823, houses of refuge were created to take in all children who were neglected, abused, or delinquent. The concepts of parens patriae and in loco parentis served as the foundation for interventions such as houses of refuge. Into the late 1800’s and early 1900’s a call for reform led to the creation of the juvenile justice system in the United States by the child savers. The early Juvenile Justice system was founded on the belief that the state could and should as in loco parentis under parens patriae. In the late nineteenth century the juvenile justice system’s purpose was to determine cause, diagnose illness, and prescribe treatment. The Juvenile Justice system became part of the United States legal system with the passage of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act...
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...Juvenile Justice System Ruben Lopez, University of Phoenix CJA/204 – INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE ON13BCJ05 Judge Michael Sachs July 28, 2013 Juvenile Justice System In the middle ages, children were treated as adults and received the same punishment as adults, whether it be public shaming, corporal punishment or confinement. In our country, the early American Puritans changed the way children were viewed because they believed that children could not reason the same as adults, so they did not want to hold them to the same standards ("CJi Interactive", 2011). With the Puritans view of children and not holding them to the same standards as adults, it started the juvenile justice system in our country. This was the first step that lead to what the system is today. Delinquency and Status Offenses According to Schmalleger (2011), he defines delinquency as, “juvenile actions or conduct in violation of criminal law, juvenile status offenses, and other juvenile misbehavior.” and defines status offense as “An act or conduct that is declared by statute to be an offense, but only when committed by or engaged in by a juvenile, and that can be adjudicated only by a juvenile court.” (p. 543 and 547). The difference between children who are delinquents and those who are status offenders is the laws that are being violated. Delinquent children violate laws that are criminal and if they were adults, they would be labeled as criminals. Status offenders are children who...
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...Chapter 7. DELINQUENCY Juvenile among young people, as they negotiate the transition from childhood to adulthood in an increasingly complex and confusing world, is the issue that this chapter first examines. Some basic assumptions relating to delinquent behaviour are presented, followed by a description of the various factors underlying or contributing to this phenomenon. Some regional variations are highlighted. Effective approaches and measures for preventing juvenile delinquency are detailed, with particular attention given to the development of educational, professional development and community programmes, improvements in family relations and parenting skills, and the value of restorative justice for both perpetrators and victims. The chapter concludes with a summary and recommendations for future action. Delinquent and criminal behaviour For many young people today, traditional patterns guiding the relationships and transitions between family, school and work are being challenged. Social relations that ensure a smooth process of socialization are collapsing; lifestyle trajectories are becoming more varied and less predictable. The restructuring of the labour market, the extension of the maturity gap (the period of dependence of young adults on the family) and, arguably, the more limited opportunities to become an independent adult are all changes influencing relationships with family and friends, educational opportunities and choices, labour market participation...
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...Chapter 7. DELINQUENCY Juvenile among young people, as they negotiate the transition from childhood to adulthood in an increasingly complex and confusing world, is the issue that this chapter first examines. Some basic assumptions relating to delinquent behaviour are presented, followed by a description of the various factors underlying or contributing to this phenomenon. Some regional variations are highlighted. Effective approaches and measures for preventing juvenile delinquency are detailed, with particular attention given to the development of educational, professional development and community programmes, improvements in family relations and parenting skills, and the value of restorative justice for both perpetrators and victims. The chapter concludes with a summary and recommendations for future action. Delinquent and criminal behaviour For many young people today, traditional patterns guiding the relationships and transitions between family, school and work are being challenged. Social relations that ensure a smooth process of socialization are collapsing; lifestyle trajectories are becoming more varied and less predictable. The restructuring of the labour market, the extension of the maturity gap (the period of dependence of young adults on the family) and, arguably, the more limited opportunities to become an independent adult are all changes influencing relationships with family and friends, educational opportunities and choices, labour market participation, leisure...
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...The juvenile justice system was first established in the state of Illinois and has grown substantially since 1899. Once informal and taken as nothing more than a conversation between the juvenile offender and the judge, to replace confinement in adult prisons, the courts created a probationary system- one which would be used for the supervision of minors, education and guidance. Today, the juvenile justice system remains focused on its primary goal, which is to rehabilitate the juvenile offender and distinguish itself from the adult criminal justice system. The Juvenile justice system is in critical need of reformation. Admittedly, there has been a steady decline in juvenile detention and out-of-home placements over the past decade. Sill, too many juveniles have been placed in securely detained facilities, far from home, rather than handled effectively within their own communities. The current juvenile justice policies and practices in place do not take a number of factors into consideration including the child’s age and responsiveness to rehabilitation. They overlook the long term collateral consequences, violate principles which are supposed to stand for equal justice under the law and the role of the juvenile justice system, in addition to the amount of taxpayers’ money wasted. In addition, many of the systems exhibit ethnic and racial disparities, they lack sound drug treatment and mental health services, and apply the harshest sanctions for minor or non-violent misbehaviors...
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...(California), there are several juvenile diversion programs available to assist at-risk juveniles. Though not perfect, these programs have provided substantial benefits to society (San Diego County Grand Jury, 2003). It is important for these programs to remain open so that at-risk juveniles will get the assistance they need so that they will avoid becoming offenders or repeat offenders. Purpose of Juvenile Diversion The purpose of the juvenile diversion is “to help juveniles understand that criminal behavior will not be tolerated, to encourage them to behave in a socially acceptable manner, to teach parents how to cope with juveniles who deal with difficult situations, to encourage victims that something is being done to prevent any further crimes by the juvenile and to prevent the youth from testing the system with further criminal behavior” (San Diego County Grand Jury, 2003). There are several juvenile diversions programs within San Diego County created by several police agencies. San Diego County Breaking Cycles (SDBC) This program is designed to deter youth from becoming delinquent. It focuses on three main goals; 1) To reduce the amount of at-risk youth by getting them involved in a prevention program; 2) “improving the juvenile justice system through implementation of a system of graduated sanctions with emphasis on community-based treatment and 3) Breaking the cycle of substance abuse and family problems” (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, n...
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...Treatment or Punishment what works In our Juvenile Justice System. By Tina Grinnell Juvenile Justice July 20,2013 While prisons can be an eye opener for someone who has committed a serious crime,is it our responsibility to help our juveniles to be reformed or should they pay for their crimes in adult prisons. Putting our juveniles in adult prisons says that we believe they can’t be helped. In most cases are our juveniles really aware of their actions and the consequence that they have. Should they be sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.Should the age of a juvenile differ from state to state on the way that they are punished. These are a couple of the issues that surround our juvenile system today. I will be looking at both sides to get a better understanding of why the laws today are the way that they are and could they be changed to help our younger generation. Juvenile delinquent’s have been around for decades and the way that our justice system has tried and helped our juveniles get on the right path and stay there has changed dramatically since the early nineteenth century ,Juvenile matters were handled by a variety of civil courts and non- legal institutions such as Welfare offices. The doctrine was referred to as the parens patriae. Which means parent of the country (Black,1990)...
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