...Treatment versus Punishment - That is the Question! CRJ301: Juvenile Justice (BLI1518A) Treatment versus Punishment - That is the Question! For someone who committed a serious crime, prison may be a revelation, but for our youth that commit such crimes, the results could be daunting, even detrimental to the development of the youth. In most instances, the youth does not even realize the consequences to their actions. The juvenile justice system began with the concept parens patriae, meaning when a parent is no longer fit to provide for the welfare of a child, the state must step in and embody that role and provide protection for the wayward or troubled child” (St. Mary’s Law Journal, 2013). The juvenile justice system’s core concept is rehabilitation or change of our youth to the right path. The goal of punishment is not one of revenge, but prevention that the crime will not happen again. Putting our youth in adult prisons, making them face the penalties of such crimes, but if we do this, are we just giving up on our youth, believing that they cannot be rehabilitated? We, the people, need protection for the child that does not know better than to join a gang, the troubled child that comes from a broken home, where both parents are absent or abusive. The people of this community need to make a change for these children so that they will have an opportunity to live a morally healthy life instead of a life of crime. Many questions come up with regard to prosecuting...
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... 11/10/10 ------------------------------------------------- History 102 ------------------------------------------------- Treatment of slaves and indentured servants ------------------------------------------------- Since the beginning of United States history, slavery played a key role in developing the American economy. From the early colonial period through the end of the civil war, African American slaves and indentured servants generally handled the labor in the Southern region of the United States. Although both African American slaves and indentured servants endured many of the same struggles, the difference between the treatment of people within each classification can be seen in runaway advertisements. These advertisements provided insight into the treatment of the indentured servants versus slaves through references to description of a trade, clothing and physical appearance. ------------------------------------------------- Runaway advertisements were published within colonial newspapers that were prevalent primarily between the late 1700’s. These advertisements were usually placed under the section describing ‘lost or stolen goods’ and...
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...certain opium concentration could only be obtained legally with a prescription from a doctor. Despite the law doctors prescribed opiates to addicted patients on a maintenance basis despite federal attempts for prosecutors to convict them. In 1916 Jun Fuey Mody versus the United States upheld the right of physicians to prescribe to maintain an...
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...“Prisons versus rehabilitation centers” is an ongoing debate worldwide, and the answer to this question is far from clear. Drug addiction is said to be a brain disease that affects behavior, the brain’s anatomy and chemistry. These brain changes interfere with your ability to think clearly, control your behavior, and feel normal without drugs. While under the influence of drugs, some people commit acts that they would not normally do. So does that mean a person addicted to drugs should not be held accountable for their actions? Rehabilitation offers to change a person’s negative lifestyle habits into positive ones, by correcting the behavior of offenders through treatment, education, and counseling. For that first and second time nonviolent, simple drug possession offenders, drug abuse treatment in a rehabilitation canter can be effective. The same cannot be said for a repeat drug offender and a person under the influence of drugs that commits a criminal offense. People are sent to prison for committing crimes. Why should a drug abuser committing crimes be any different? Drug offenders should be held accountable for their actions and sent to prison. Prisons detour recidivism, as well as, provide specialized services and programs to meet the needs of the offender. Drug addiction is a problem in our society, and it is spread in almost every country over the world. People who are addicted feel an overwhelming, uncontrollable dependence for the drug, and will continue...
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...TREATMENT Treatment versus Punishment Veronica Rosborough CRJ301: Introduction to Juvenile Justice Instructor: Jonathan Sperling August 17, 2013 TREATMENT 2 Juvenile offenders can be the most ruthless criminals because they are so young, they do not have a conscience nor do they value their lives or the lives of other people. Children have been described as our future, our greatest resource, and our hope for a better tomorrow. For many Americans, though, children invoke fear. They represent violence, a segment of society lacking in self-control and devoid of ethics and morals, and the failure of the family to instill traditional values, top among them being the value of human life and respect for others. With this being said I believe that treatment and punishment should both be used when dealing with minors. Of course the type of crime plays a huge role on which task should be implemented. Fear of crime, especially random violence perpetrated by young Americans, is among the nation's greatest concerns. It has served as the motivation for countless numbers of people to change their lifestyles, take self-defense classes, install home security systems, and carry handguns for protection. Moreover, fear of crime has influenced politicians and laypersons to adopt the position that a conservative justice...
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...The Jurisdiction of Rights Allotted to Prisoner of War Shane Smith Abstract The jurisdiction and control of prisoners of war have historically been left solely to the military forces that held them captive; the application of rights and treatment being guided and controlled by various treaties and conventions signed by governments. This straightforward, conventional process was, and is, undisputable and logical in its application when it is applied in a conventional ‘civilized’ war; there is room for improvement, but it works. On the contrary, when fighting an unconventional war, with non-state sponsored combatants, the policies need to be reassessed. The Jurisdiction of Rights Allotted to Prisoner of War Our history shows a pattern of war making that is clearly defined, easy to follow, and reasonably undisputable: declaration of war, combat, surrender, treaties and or rebuilding. During the combat phase enemy combatant prisoners are taken, either by force or surrender, and both sides can agree that this is a better alternative to killing. With the exception of prisoner exchanges, these prisoners are held until the conflict is completed. At that time the general prisoners are released and those accused of war crimes are tried. Note that this is not policy, just a general pattern, but it works for a conventional war, a war where the losing side surrenders and both sides announce a cease fire. The problems arise when fighting an unconventional war, such as...
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...Problems within the Criminal Justice System In the United States Abstract: This research paper explores some problems faced within the criminal system justice in the United States. Larry J. Siegel’s book “Criminology” gives us a history of the criminal justice system, how it operates, and some of the problems we experience with this system. Some of the problems detailed in this paper include the right to equal justice; which he explained the different kind of judgment that people receive based on their race, gender and class, the criminal justice system spends more money on criminals instead of improving technology for the police apprehending them, the criminal justice system lacks of sentencing disparity, reliance on eyewitness and modern technology can lead to conviction of innocent citizen, and finally the rehabilitation model which is set up to educate criminals and eventually let them free because of the belief that they are changed people and have been rehabilitated. According to the definition from the text “Criminology”, the term criminal justice system refers to “the components of government charged with enforcing law, adjudicating criminals, and correcting criminal conduct” (Siegel, 2009, p. 558). According to Siegel, the criminal justice system is essentially “an instrument of social control: society considers some behaviors so dangerous and destructive that it either strictly controls their occurrence...
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...ENG 105 Why Rehabilitation Works and Imprisonment Does Not The drug epidemic is something that has affected many families all over the world. Drug abuse puts a lot of stress on parents, brothers, sisters, and grandparents – anyone who is part of the home (“Alcohol”). Along with the drug epidemic comes the criminal activity to obtain the drugs. Our nation’s prison population has exploded beyond capacity and most inmates are in prison, in large part, because of substance abuse: 80% of offenders abuse drugs or alcohol; nearly 50% of jail and prison inmates are clinically addicted; approximately 60% of individuals are arrested for most types of crimes test positive for illegal drugs at arrest (“Alcohol”). Although the current system emphasizes putting addicts in jail, it would be more beneficial for them and society to enter into inpatient rehabilitation. The relationship between drugs and crime is very complex. At the most intense levels of drug use, drugs and crimes are directly and highly connected. Serious drug use can amplify and prolong preexisting criminal activity. There are essentially three types of crimes related to drugs: Use-Related crime: These are crimes that result from or involve individuals who ingest drugs, and who commit crimes as a result of the effect the drug has on their processes and behavior. Economic-Related crime: These are crimes where an individual commits a crime in order to fund a drug habit. These include theft and prostitution. System-Related...
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...laws as well as punish criminals. Throughout this paper I will discuss the history of punishment and how prisons were developed. The impact and involvement of prison labor overtime and the Pennsylvania and Auburn system. History of Punishment Penology the study of punishment evolved in the 1950s. During this rehabilitation replaced the punishment of offenders and became the main objective. Also during this time the term penology was replaced by the term corrections. Corrections is defined as the supervision and monitoring of offenders, the secure holdings of inmates in prisons, and the treatment of problems such as drug addiction, mental illness and other services (Seiter, 2014, “Chapter 1, The History of Crimes and Corrections, What is Corrections?”). In the eighteen century an Italian theorist founded the classical school of criminology. His first theory of crime causation was linked to appropriate punishments. “Beccaria suggested that the purpose of punishment is utility or the prevention of crime. Included in his principles are that crime is an injury to society, that prevention is more important than punishment, that the accused have the right to speedy trials and humane treatment, that there should be no secret accusations or torture, that certainty and swiftness of punishment (more than severity) best deter crime, and that imprisonment should be more wisely used as a punishment” (Seiter, 2014, “Chapter 1, The History of Crimes and Corrections, Theories of Crime and...
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...Reflective Paper Ethical Treatment of Prisoners Johni K. Anglin SOC 120 Cornell Horn January 28, 2013 Ethical Treatment of Prisoners Societies Forgotten One may ask."What represents ethical treatment of prisoners?" What's more, does it make a difference as to what the prisoners crime is as to what kind of treatment would be considered ethical? For example, should a terrorist be treated differently than a thief? Additionally, who is to decide what kind of treatment of prisoners, regardless of crime, is ethical and what is not? What standard determines ethical versus unethical? Who really concerns themselves which such questions? Is ethical treatment of prisoners related to profitability in our country?"It is argued that Plato was right in claiming that justice is more profitable, more rational, and more intrinsically valuable than injustice (Velasquez 1996). Certainly mistreatment of the least among us is injustice. If so then the question may then become, "What is justice?" To be sure, it seems that there may well be more questions regarding the ethics surrounding treatment of prisoners than solid answers. For these reasons, it is necessary that the ethical treatment of prisoners be examined. I submit that we, as a society, are only as good as the treatment that we mete out to the lowest of our population. Do certain sectors of society like having a "prison-class" of criminals so that perhaps their transgressions against society may go unnoticed In order to successfully...
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...and avoid pain, and they will rationally calculate the cost versus the benefit when choosing to commit an act. Punishment can be used to deter crime, and the severity of the punishment must be proportional to the crime itself. The swiftness and the certainty of the punishment is the most important factor in deterring crime. Positivist School The Positivist School suggests that there are other factors at work in deviant behavior besides simple pleasure seeking and pain avoidance. Positivism supposes external and internal factors that may be beyond the control of the individual. This includes biological, psychological and environmental...
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...Jordan Augustus 11/10/12 US AP History Slave Agency versus Oppression “Dehumanization is a physiological process whereby opponents view each other as less than human and thus not deserving of moral considerations" (Michelle Maise) In my perspective, I believe everyone can agree that slavery was utterly dehumanizing. Kids at the age of 12 and younger were slaves and even born into slavery; families were constantly separated, and slaves would get beaten brutally without any mercy. Fredrick Douglass, the poem “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot, Sarah Fitzpatrick’s statement, and an autobiography by Josiah Henson; illustrate the harsh treatment and dehumanization that slaves went through and endured for many years. Slaves hoped and attempted to maintain slave culture, when going into slavery. It was often attempted to stop slave culture that originated from Africa, because whites believed that it would one day cause and uprising, and rebellion against slavery. “While on their way (to work), the slaves would make a dense old woods, for miles around, reverberate with their wild songs, revealing at once the highest joy and the deepest sadness.” (Douglass Doc 2) This quote by Frederick Douglass illustrates their journey to work was one of their only breaks and release from slavery. Furthermore during their trip to work, singing and listening to music gave them a sensation of relaxation; like medicine to a sick patient, it helped them forget about the miseries and dehumanization...
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...The death penalty needs to be abolished globally. It is an outdated, unfair and often inhumane punishment. In addition to the fact that many television shows and movies have been made about people wrongly convicted on death row, the whole “an eye for an eye” from the Bible is completely outdated. (BIBLE GATEWAY) Furthermore, there have been numerous incidences where prisoners who had been convicted and sentenced to death, while being administered the lethal injection or on the electric chair, did not actually die the first time around. Many who are convicted and sentenced to death row are mentally disabled, having an IQ of 70 or less. One reason the death penalty should be abolished is that the cost of the death penalty far outweighs the cost of incarcerating a prisoner for life. A study of Indiana death penalty trials concluded that relative costs of incarceration with the addition of a death penalty sentence and direct appeal rose 38%. (JANEWAY) And a report by the Comptroller of the Treasury for the State of Tennessee concluded that when prosecutors sought the death penalty in murder cases, the average cost of the trial rose 48%. (MORGAN) Many states are finding that with rising budget costs and deficits it is better to abolish the death penalty than to sink further into debt. (BISSONNETTE) Another reason the death penalty should be abolished is that is an inhuman practice that is outdated. The old adage, “an eye for an eye”, no longer applies in the modern world. In addition...
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...Capital Punishment Is No Resolution For Juvenile Offenders Juvenile Delinquents Should Not Have To Worry About Capital Punishment Tkemia S. Gibson 1000 Huntington Mews. Clementon, New Jersey 08021 Juvenile Delinquency Capital Punishment 2 Introduction/Abstract….. page 3 Judicial System…… page 5 Juvenile versus Adults…… page 6 Rehabilitation……. page 8 Conclusion……. page 9 Reference page… page 11 Capital Punishment 3 Introduction/Abstract In today’s society our judicial system has been trying to use rehabilitation, treatment services, and reformation to aide our youth in place of Capital Punishment. Capital Punishment was done away with on March 1, 2005. When dealing with medical research and therapist teams the process has become more opened to helping juveniles to overcome any negative behaviors in the legal system. Capital Punishment 4 Capital Punishment over the years has always been one of the most controversial topics that stay in communication with our legal system. In committing murder as a child, it is hard not to become judgmental in thinking that a child knows right from wrong. When thinking of a teenage child committing murder at times you may think do they really realize what they have just done and do they even know the consequences. My position is juveniles who commit the act of murder should not have to suffer the resolution of capital punishment because they are still children and their brains are not...
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...Theories of Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile delinquency is a threat to society and accordingly, the need to develop an understanding of the deviant behavior is of an utmost importance. There are several theories that explain delinquency and collectively, they provide a greater understanding for administrators and policy makers that are essential in developing programs and treatments that reduce juvenile delinquency and minimize its impact on our societies. This paper will discuss two prominent theories, the choice theory and the learning theories Choice Theories According to the choice theory, juveniles are rational beings that make a choice of committing an unlawful act on the basis of their evaluation of the risks and benefits derived from the behavior (Taylor, Fritsch, & Caeti, 2011). Should they evaluate a greater benefit than risk, then the behavior will occur. If the risks outweigh the benefits, then they are more likely to refrain from the unlawful behavior. In essence, the choice theory believe in the fact that we are driven by pain and pleasure, hedonistic beings that will only refrain from a pleasure lathed unlawful behavior only if it is associated with significant pain that deter the individual from the behavior. One of the theories that are derived from the choice theory is the deterrence theory. The deterrence theory revolves around the same principles of risk and benefit however, it does not assume that juveniles are necessarily making rational decisions derived...
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