...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer...
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...Socialization Paper It is said that attitude is an opinion, feeling belief, or approval or disapproval towards something. Behavior is an action or reaction like the old saying with every action is a reaction, in other words thought and action. The theory of reasoned action is a model for the prediction of behavioral intention based on attitude and behavior. This theory was born from frustration with the current research, that found only weak similarities between attitude and behavior. A simple version of the theory is that a person's behavior is predicted by their attitude towards the behavior they are exhibiting, also how they think other people would view them If they performed a certain behavior. A person's attitude combined with societal norms forms their behavior intention. The strength that attitude and norms have on behavior differs from individual to individual. The behavior theory does not account for behavior's impact on attitude. Cognitive dissonance refers to conflicting behaviors, beliefs or attitudes. This produces a feeling of discomfort leading to an alteration in one of the attitudes, beliefs or behaviors to reduce the discomfort and restore balance. For example, when people smoke, that is the behavior and cancer is known to be caused by smoking that is their cognition. Prejudice...
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...Socialization Paper Kory Morford PSY 211 Feb 23, 2015 KIMBERLY ANDERSON Our attitude involves three types of components. The first component would be called affects. This component refers to your feelings or emotions linked to an object or situation. For example many people are afraid of snakes. This negative response will most likely lead you to have a negative attitude towards snakes themselves. The next component is the cognitive component. This component refers to the beliefs, thoughts, and attributes that we would associate with an object or situation. More often than not a person’s attitude might be based on the positive or negative attributes of the object or situation. The final component is the behavioral component. This component refers to past behaviors or experiences regarding an attitude object or situation. This idea may suggest that people infer their attitudes from their previous actions. Prejudice affects everyone. This affect spans from food to race and so much in between. Prejudice can be very subtle or it can be blatant. This can affect how we interact with others on so many levels. The only way we can reduce this affect is to have an open mind and work together with others. Aggression is another social interaction that has a significant impact on us all. This can range from harsh words to psychical violence. Although some level of aggression may be necessary in life such as to protect yourself or those that you love it also can have a negative effect...
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...Socialization Paper Social Psychology’s purpose is to help people understand how social connections are made, along with helping to understand how our feeling, thoughts, and behaviors are influenced by those around us, as well as the way other people’s behavior influences our actions. We are each faced with social interactions daily, from the cashier at the grocery store to driving in traffic all the way to how you interact with co-workers. An individual’s work environment is greatly influenced by the attitude and behavior of other’s, which in turn causes that individual’s behavior and attitude to change accordingly. With increased knowledge and use of social psychology, we can better understand the thoughts and actions of those around us, creating a smoother, more desirable environment. An individual’s attitude has a direct influence on their social interactions. Three main factors that contribute to attitude are; affect, behavior, and cognition. The affect, is better explained as the emotion involved, while the behavior focuses on the actions taken, and the cognition refers to the thought process. Attitude can be influenced by various things, with social interactions and environment being very influential. Every person has dealt with or seen some sort of aggression, prejudice, and attraction when interacting with society; unfortunately each of these plays a role in how we learn to interact with others. Prejudice is a learned behavior through culture or childhood...
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...Applying Organizational Psychology Organizational psychology utilizes scientific methodology to get a better understanding of people behavior who works in organizational settings. Organizational psychology has principles to help employees understand the behavior of the people working in organizational settings (Jex & Britt, 2008). The knowledge obtained from organizational psychology helps organizations to become more effective. Organizations are defined through defining characteristics, behavior patterns, and structures imposed on the perspective applicants. This paper will contain discussion of these principles within the recruitment process from both organizational and applicant perspectives along with how organizational psychology principles is used in the recruitment process, organizational socialization concept, and applying organizational psychology to organizational socialization. This paper gives personal insights of how they relate to work experiences. Organizational and Applicant Perspective of Recruitment Process According to Taylor and Bergmann (2006), organization’s recruitment process is toward green production. Employees and organization receive benefits that attract ideal employees because organizational recruitment has affected the reactions applicants have towards organizations and the job attributes associated with the positions such as salary and organizations locations. Organizational perspective of the recruitment process is that behavior...
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...“culture”. How does socialization influence the culture of a society? Discuss, giving examples of different methods and types of socialization used by the various groups in your society and how they contribute to the culture of the society.” “Culture is one of the two or three most complicated words in the dictionary.”Raymond Williams (1976).The topic of culture is a big study for sociologists in that there are many different societies. Culture plays a very vital role in our societies; each society has its own individual culture some of which are similar. A society can be seen as a group of people who interact with each other and also share common interest. According to Haralambos and Holborn (2008), in order to understand the social context of human behavior one has to understand the culture of the society to which they belong. Linton (1945) defines culture as ‘the way of life of its members; the collection of ideas and habits which they learn, share and transmit from generation to generation” (Mustapha, 2007).The process in which we acquire such knowledge is called socialization. The way in which we socialize influences the culture of the society. In Each society there are also different methods of socialization and types of socialization. Throughout this paper I will show how these methods and types of socialization help to contribute to the culture of society. Our culture is a huge part of our everyday life. There are different ways in which socialization impacts or influence...
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...THE WORKPLACE Socialization is a process of learning norms, rules, regulations, values and attitudes of society. It is a lifelong process which starts from childhood till to the death of a person. Socialization is a vital process of learning through which the society exists. Each and every society socializes its members according to its own values.The employing organization also has its own values. The socialization process involves learning how strictly the company enforces work-related norms, such as whether it’s acceptable for people of different job levels to fraternize outside of working hours, or whether a very late arrival will incur some kind of punishment. During resocialization, people learn how to modify behavior to fit the new situation. Workplace is an agent of socialization in which an individual enters into a mature age. , workplace is place where an individual serves as an employer and earns a few dollars. Besides this, an employer has lot of opportunities to learn essential things for future. It has been seen that co-workers always advise about the future plans and lifestyles. It can be said that it is a sort of rehearsal for future activities. Therefore, it is proved that workplace is an agent of socialization where an individual has the opportunity to learn a lot.The workplace is an agent of socialization—in this case, resocialization. A new job brings with it new norms and values, including the following: • What papers to fill out • What equipment...
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...will fulfill their needs and the same applies to the organization. Companies are searching for the right individual to fit the position within the organization. Starting with the recruitment and hiring process, to the first day of work the principles of organizational psychology are important within any organization. The purpose of this paper is to assess the recruitment process from the perspectives of both an organization and applicant, explain how the principles of organizational psychology can be used in the recruitment process, discuss the concept of organizational socialization and examine how the principles of organizational psychology can be applied to organizational socialization. The Recruitment Process Organizational Perspective The concept behind the recruitment process is to assemble a sizeable group of qualified applicants for a potential job. This process allows an organization to evaluate which potential applicants will be the best fit for the company, has the most potential to become successful within the company and will stay with the company for a long time (Jex & Britt, 2008). Recruitment intertwines with socialization because effective recruitment warrants that new employees will fit in with the culture of the company and thus are more likely to be successfully socialized (Jex & Britt, 2008). Recruitment planning is the initial stage within the recruitment process. In this...
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...international process resulting from the socialization of state-society units into the modern global culture which originated some two centuries ago in the West (Bull,1977). Contrary to the assumptions of world-polity and some recentering theorists, however, state socialization to democracy as a constitutive norm is far from assured, and in particular, some states (guardians) resist socialization fiercely while others embrace it. Guardian states such as China and India developed their traditions of resistance as a result of being unable to resolve the ‘‘tiyong crisis’’ in a way that would finesse geopolitical and geo-symbolic decentering[2]. Elites in the pre-modern Siamese state resolved their tying crisis by re-imagining the Thai national essence as consistent with modernity’s basic presuppositions development that eventually helped facilitate Chinese recentering. Once transformed in the 1990s, the Chinese state became an agent of socialization by proselytizing for democracy within Asian[3]. Successful decentering is a complex historical process resulting from, among other things, the socialization of state-society units into an international normative order ‘‘modern’’ and Western in origin. Numerous actors at home and abroad promote decentering in the process of socializing non-democratic states into what Stanford sociologist John Meyer[4] have called a ‘‘world polity’’ informed by a modernist ‘‘global culture.’’. Agents of socialization include other states, international...
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...ESADE WORKING PAPER Nº 239 September 2012 Value congruence in organizations: Literature review, theoretical perspectives, and future directions Yuanjie Bao Simon Dolan Shay S. Tzafrir ESADE Working Papers Series Available from ESADE Knowledge Web: www.esadeknowledge.com © ESADE Avda. Pedralbes, 60-62 E-08034 Barcelona Tel.: +34 93 280 61 62 ISSN 2014-8135 Depósito Legal: B-3449-2012 Value congruence in organizations: Literature review, theoretical perspectives, and future directions Yuanjie Bao* ESADE Business School, Future of Work Chair, Ramon Llull University Av. Torreblanca 59, 08172, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain yuanjie.bao@esade.edu Simon L. Dolan ESADE Business School, Future of Work Chair, Ramon Llull University Av. Torreblanca 59, 08172, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain simon.dolan@esade.edu Shay S. Tzafrir Department of Human Services, University of Haifa Mount Carmel, Haifa, 31905, Israel stzafrir@research.haifa.ac.il September 2012 Abstract Extant literature on value congruence is fragmented due to different methodological treatments and theoretical perspectives. Proposing a typology of the value congruence concept, this paper reviews several key themes in value congruence research including staffing, socialization, leadership, job attitudes, performance, among others. By reviewing related antecedents and outcomes, discussing underlying theoretical perspectives, and highlighting future directions, this paper integrates...
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...Organizational Psychology Paper Job Satisfaction Paper Rough Draft What is job satisfaction? The answer to the popular question can be as unique as each individual that the question is presented to. According to Christen and Soberman, there is a significant relationship between the effort an employee puts forth on the job, their job performance and their job satisfaction (Christen & Soberman, 2006). However, the question still lingers of what exactly is job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is essential component within any organization and needs to be clearly defined. Managers and organizational leaders must have a clear understanding of what job satisfaction is before they can effectively address the subject with their employees. Jex and Britt provided a basic definition of job satisfaction that simply states job satisfaction is “an employee’s overall evaluation of his or her job as favorable or unfavorable” (Jex & Britt, 2008). The components that are included in determining an employee’s level job satisfaction are the feelings, thoughts and behaviors that are associated with their job. In addition to determining the components that are included in gauging an employee’s level of satisfaction, there are also various indicators. An employee can express their level of job satisfaction in a number of ways. Employees can express their satisfaction or dissatisfaction verbally, physically or emotional. Employees can express their job satisfaction verbally...
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...Socialization From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the sociological concept. For the political and economic concept, see Socialization (economics). Sociology Portal Theory · History Positivism · Antipositivism Functionalism · Conflict theory Middle-range · Mathematical Critical theory · Socialization Structure and agency Research methods Quantitative · Qualitative Historical · Computational Ethnographic · Network analytic Topics · Subfields Cities · Class · Crime · Culture Deviance · Demography · Education Economy · Environment · Family Gender · Health · Industry · Internet Knowledge · Law · Medicine Politics · Mobility · Race and ethnicity Rationalization · Religion · Science Secularization · Social networks Social psychology · Stratification Categories · Lists Journals · Sociologists Article index · Outline Major category: Sociology v t e Socialization (or socialisation) is a term used by sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists, political scientists and educationalists to refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs and ideologies. It may provide the individual with the skills and habits necessary for participating within their own society; a society develops a culture through a plurality of shared norms, customs, values, traditions, social roles, symbols and languages. Socialization is thus ‘the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained’.[1]. [2] Socialization...
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...feel no matter how tentative you are. As children grow they learn more about themselves and develop the ability to seek change in who they are. Antonio is a prime example of how development brings change to who a child is, how they want to be perceived, and how they perceive themselves. Antonio’s poem, “Bully in the Mirror”, displays the how agents of socialization influence one’s “looking glass self” and how the look glass self once realized impact “answerability” and one’s desire to change. When students such as Antonio began to seek change in who they, are educators must be prepared to support this change as bullying is an epidemic is schools and students should be aware of its impact in every aspect. Antonio is a child that has been a bully for quite some time. He has come to realize that he does not like the person that he has become and wants to change. Antonio is alone as he makes this clear that he has no friends. The looking glass self is basically how we view ourselves based on our reflection of personal qualities and impressions of how we believe others perceive us (Kenny, R., 2007). As theorized by Cooley socialization coincides with the looking glass self (self-image) which is developed by “the imagination of our appearance to the other person; the imagination of his judgment of that appearance, and some sort of self-feeling of pride or mortification" (1964:184)” (Kenny, R., 2007). Antonio, in his mirror reflection, has come to see that those around him don’t like...
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...Symbols The symbolic interactionist assumes that without symbols we wouldn’t have many things, like movies, government, or even war. They also assume that symbols affect people’s relationships with one another, for example let’s say that you begin going out with someone special and then when your parents meet you they tell you that that’s their child that they adopted when they were teenagers and they did have money to take care of him/her, after that your feelings dramatically change and your mind goes ballistic because you believed this was your special someone, but it just turned out to be your brother/sister. Next, the conflict theorist, in my opinion, assumes that there is war going on everywhere, within a community or even a small group of people. They assume that if there is a higher power then there will always be someone going against that higher power. Finally, we have the functional analysist who assumes that within a society everything works together, like a clock’s cogs, they all work together to make the clock work. They believe that when a piece of the function begins to mess up, then the whole function will also mess up, like if a clock’s cog gets stuck then the whole clock stops working. These three perspectives are very different to each other; however, I believe that symbolic interactionism best explains our social world because we really do go into war because of symbols. What do we fight for, a piece of land to claim our own, or for peace? It really doesn’t...
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...Job Satisfaction Paper PSY/428 Job Satisfaction Satisfaction that someone finds in a job can be relative in nature and can differ considering the vast amount of variables that play into defining it. This paper will define what job satisfaction is, while explaining the impact organizational socialization has on it. There will be examples provided of how an organization can use organizational socialization to positively impact job satisfaction, and the relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Finally, it will deliver an example of organizational commitment being used to impact job satisfaction. Definition of Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction is defined as individual’s contentment at his or her employments. As per I/O Psychologist and Human Resources have two major characteristics. These two is called Affective Job Satisfaction and Cognitive Job Satisfaction, both have variations in definitions and its characteristics. The first one is called Affective job satisfaction – it is a one dimensional fields that explains the general affection and passion of an individual towards their chosen line of work. For example, an individual is seeking for a job, and he or she has an interview with two different companies that he or she applied for, both employer hired him or her, one company offers a better salary compared to the other one but the other company has a better job description that he or she is passionate with, the specific...
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