...chemical properties of the soil present in Cavite National Science High School to collect data about the present status of the soil in the area. The researcher examined the soils through the collection of data using the protocols provided by the GLOBE Website. The data that were collected were encoded to the GLOBE Website for the scientists to be able to better understand and interpret the current status of the soil. The soil samples were collected from the site located inside the vicinity of Cavite National Science High School. The gathering of samples was done on the two different seasons of the year, the wet and dry season. The protocols provided by the GLOBE organization were used in conducting the experiments in determining the soil properties. Some of the experimentation proper was done in the school’s Chemistry laboratory and Biology Laboratory. Soil samples were sent to the Department of Agriculture in Trece Martirez City to be able to obtain the results for the pH level and N-P-K Content of the soil. The results showed that the soil in Cavite National Science High School had a pH level of 5.8, temperature of 27.65°C. The nitrogen and potassium content of the soil was low in all of its horizons, sufficient potassium content and medium content of phosphorus. According to the analysis made, there was a significant difference in the bulk density of the soil and there was no significant difference in the soil temperature. Chapter I Introduction Soil covers one third of the...
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...LEAF FIBERS AS GROUND COVER FOR SURFACE EROSION MITIGATION TO ASSIST IN THE ESTABILISHMENT OF VEGETATION A Thesis Presented to the Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering University of Santo Tomas In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering Jonathan Alfonso Agoncillo Veronica Ebero Buensuceso Erol Rosales Guintu Arvin Bryan Nillasca Ramboanga May 2016 APPROVAL SHEET The Thesis entitled “UTILIZATION OF PINEAPPLE LEAF FIBERS AS GROUND COVER FOR SURFACE EROSION MITIGATION TO ASSIST IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF VEGETATION”, prepared and submitted by Agoncillo, Jonathan A., Buensuceso, Veronica E., Guintu, Erol R., and Ramboanga, Arvin Bryan N., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (BSCE) is hereby endorsed for approval and acceptance. Ryan A. Ramirez, BSCE, MSGeotech Thesis Adviser Accepted and approved by the Defense Panel: Prof Panel 1, BSCE Member Prof Panel 3, BSCE Member Prof Panel 2, BSCE Member Prof Panel 4, BSCE Member Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (BSCE), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Santo Tomas. Rodelio A. Tiburcio, BSCE, MCM Chairman May 2016 i ii iii vi vii 1 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 10 13 14 15 16 18 i ii iii vi vii 1 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 10 13 14 ...
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...Grade Levels: Current 7th & 8Th Grade, due to graduate in 2017 & 2018 Subjects: Earth Science, Mathematics, Biology, Conservation, Leadership (2nd Draft Driving Question) How does land use area affect our environment and how are we ensuring that our use of land is sustainable over time? (Original Driving Question) Does human development of land in the area change the local ambient air temperature, air humidity levels, soil temperature, & soil moisture content? Thearea has an economy based primarily on agriculture, with a high percentage of the landscape developed for use in growing and processing produce. We are asking if this development has a significant impact on the environment and if the continual use of this land in this manner is sustainable in the long-term. Washington State Next Generation Science Standards 1. Developing & Using Models. 2. Constructing explanations and design solutions. 3. Natural Resources. 4. Cause and effect. 5. Energy and Matter. 6. Stability and Change. Identify key skills students will learn in this project. List those skills that you plan to assess (2-4) 1. Data Collection, taking samples. 2. Graphing and logging results. 3. Reviewing and analyzing data i.e.; soil moisture content and temperature, air temperature and humidity levels. 4. Public presentation and discussion of results and outcomes on a regular basis and during a culminating event. 5. Use of the Scientific...
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...Soil Conservation Working Group Report This report provided content for the Wisconsin Initiative on Climate Change Impacts first report, Wisconsin’s Changing Climate: Impacts and Adaptation, released in February 2011. THE WISCONSIN INITIATIVE ON CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS 1st Adaptive Assessment Report Contribution of the Soil Conservation Working Group July 2010 Contour stripcropping in central Wisconsin Photo by Ron Nichols, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Participants of Working Group William L. Bland, Professor, Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Working Group Chair and lead author) Kelly R. Maynard, M.S. Agroecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Project Assistant) Jeremy Balousek, P.E., Urban Conservation Engineer, Dane County Land and Water Resources Department Denny Caneff, Executive Director, River Alliance of Wisconsin, Inc. Laura W. Good, Associate Scientist, Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconson-Madison Kevin Kirsch, Water Resource Engineer, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Patrick Murphy, State Resource Conservationist, Natural Resources Conservation Service John M. Norman, Emeritus Professor of Soil science, Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison James VandenBrook, Water Quality Section Chief, Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection Sara Walling, Water Quality Specialist, Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade, and ...
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...Soil Protection in South Africa. Soil protection is the protection and management of the quality of soil. It is all about solving the problems of land degradation. It can further be defined as the combination of the appropriate land use and management practices that promote the productive and sustainable use of soils and in the process minimise soil erosion and other forms of land degradation. 3.2.10 Causes of soil degradation in South Africa. Erosion. Erosion is the detachment and transportation of soil materials by wind or water. Soil erosion is a major problem of agriculture in South Africa. Soil erosion is a natural process but it becomes a serious problem when the activities of humans accelerate the process of its occurence. Land degradation caused by soil erosion causes the loss of fertile topsoil and reduces soil productivity. Researches have shown that over 70% of the soil in South Africa has been affected by one form of soil erosion or the other. The annual soil loss due to soil erosion in South Africa is estimated at 300 – 400 million tonnes for each hectare of land. South Africa loses an average of 20 tonnes of soil for each tonne of agricultural products produced. Soil erosion can be caused by water and, or wind. The effects of these factors on the soil are determined by the speed and the soil cover at the time of occurence. It is estimated that 25% of the country is covered by soil that is susceptible to wind erosion. These include the sandy soils in the...
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...ac.ae/ejfa.shtml 10 Growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) as influenced by poultry manure and NPK fertilizer A. O. Adekiya1 and T. M. Agbede2 1Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; 2Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria Abstract: Four field trials were conducted during the years 2006 and 2007 at Owo, the forest- savanna transition zone in southwest Nigeria, to study the effect of poultry manure (PM), NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manure on the growth and yield of tomato. Seven treatments were applied to the soil: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 t ha-1 poultry manure , 300 kg ha-1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer and 150 kg ha-1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + 10 t ha-1 poultry manure. These were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The treatments were compared on the basis of their effect on soil chemical properties, leaf nutrient content, growth and yield of tomato. All levels of poultry manure and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manure increased leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg levels. The soil chemical properties except pH increased with amount of poultry manure. NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alone did not increase the soil and leaf Ca and Mg. All levels of poultry manure, NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alone and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manure increased the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, number...
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...Environmental Science 5. Tropical forests represent a large reservoir of underutilized timber. Why is it ecologically unsound to harvest most tropical forests? What are the potential long-term effects of deforestation in the tropics? Harvesting our Earth’s tropical forests is very ecologically unsound in many ways. These forests are being harvested and clear-cut in staggering rates and even if we begin taking necessary actions as a whole, worldwide, immediately we still may never get these forests back to where they should be in order to become sustainable once again. The most commonly known effect that harvesting the rainforests has had is the extinction of the majority of the world’s species. The tropical forests contain about half to two-thirds of the world’s species. (Chiras, P. 230) An average of 137 species of life forms are driven into extinction every day in the world's tropical rainforests. Destruction such as harvesting in rainforests have contributed to the loss of millions of acres of tropical rainforest. Animals and people alike lose their homes when trees are cut down therefore, most animals and other species die when trees are cut down. Larger mammals need several acres to be able to roam free and are trapped into smaller living conditions and several other species are only known to be living in one region and will not survive once their habitat has been harvested. Other animals that may not be native to these tropical areas also suffer when forests...
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...existence. Land, a terrestrial resource, has a role in the nutrient cycle of the environment, the growth of food sources, and the water quality. Soil consists of minerals, organic matter, and living organisms. Land degradation disrupts the ecological balance of the soil, which in turn threatens the sustainability of the environment. Land degradation is the deterioration of soil by erosion; pollution; and land use changes. Erosion is the loss of soil. Less soil leads to limited plant growth. Plants hold the soil in place and play a part in the carbon cycle. Not only does limited plant growth expand erosion, but it also interrupts a process that is essential to the entire environment. Sediment from erosion affects the water quality and aquatic habitats. Run off into bodies of water can contain pesticides, fertilizer, or waste residue. Once contaminated the water supply infiltrates the area damaging every element of the environment. Soil pollution is the introduction of contaminants such as hazardous waste and chemicals into the ground. Pollution makes the soil useless. The land becomes unable to support life. Vegetation will not grow on polluted soil. Human exposure to certain contaminants can produce health issues some of which are lethal. Land use changes such as deforestation, urbanization, mining, and agricultural are also diminishing the soil. Deforestation wipes out forest land needed to maintain the environment. Flooding and the loss of ecosystems are results of urbanization....
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...University of Phoenix Material Soil and Glaciers Worksheet From Visualizing Earth Science, by Merali, Z., and Skinner, B. J, 2009, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Copyright 2009 by Wiley. Adapted with permission. Part 1 Size grades of soil are named sand, silt, and clay, which includes colloids. Size grades are defined using the metric system. Use Figure 4.8 from the textbook to fill in the following chart. Specify the type and size and description of the particle. In some cases, particle size will be less than some value or greater than another value. For instance, gravel is greater than 2.0 mm. |Name |Size |Description | |Gravel |>2.0 mm |Gravel is very small, irregular pieces of rock and stone. Gravel is more rough and rocky than sand, and | | | |smaller than stones. The word gravel comes from the French word gravele, "gravel or sand," which in turn | | | |comes from grave, "seashore or sand ("Gravel ", 2015). | |Sand |0.05 |sedimentary material, finer than a granule and coarser than silt, with grains between 0.06 and 2.0 | | | |millimeters in diameter ("Sand", 2003-2015). | |Silt |0.0002 |Silt is very...
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...Earthquakes I Earth’s composition Earth is a dense, stratified planet with many layers: core (inner and outer), mantle and crust Inner core: most dense material, solid iron and nickel Outer core: second most dense, liquid, iron and nickel Mantle: composed of oxygen, silicon, magnesium, aluminum Crust: composed of sodium and potassium rich silicate rocks Upper 100-350 km of upper mantle makes up asthenosphere: fluid layer due to heating from core Plate tectonics Earth’s uppermost layer, the lithosphere, broken up into 7 plates due to movement of asthenosphere underneath Plate tectonics- name for dynamic interactions of these plates Plate boundaries 3 types: divergent, covergent, and transform Divergent boundaries: tension from deep earth pulls two plates away from each other, allowing lava to upwell through the cracks and create new seafloor Covergent boundaries: two plates coming together as stress pushes plates toward each other- one plate forced under another in a subduction zone Transform boundaries: two plates slide past each other horizontally-frequent cause of destructive forces like earthquakes The nature of earthquakes Cause = abrupt movements on faults Fractures in earths lithosphere Normal fault- block above the fault has moved downward relative to the black below Reverse fault- upper block, above the fault plane, moves up and over the lower block (aka thrust fault) Right lateral strike slip fault- two blocks slide past one another Earths crustal...
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...Impacts of a Borderless Society Kaplan University SC300: Big Ideas in Science: From Methods to Mutation Carmelisa King December 1, 2014 Living in the United States there are resources that are more readily available to us than in other parts of the world. However, in the world today there are endless boundaries when it comes to how we obtain goods, services and food. In certain countries it’s hard to obtain clean water, foods with all the necessary nutrients and vitamins that are needed. However, in the United States we live in an era where everything is available for consumption and all we have to do is go to the local grocery store, Walmart, Target or Farmers Market. This paper will discuss the impacts of a borderless society. Where we get our foods from? The farming methods that are used and how these methods impact the environment and the employees who work with these farms. Were the items grown and shipped in from other countries? Lastly, this paper will cover the ecological and economic advantages and disadvantages of purchasing foods locally. First of all we will discuss my breakfast yesterday. It consisted of eggs, potatoes, onions, green peppers, and orange juice. Some people buy food from the local grocery store. However, I normally purchase our groceries from Stiles Farmer’s Market, Brother’s Farmer’s Market, Publix or Winn Dixie. My breakfast meal consisted of: eggs, onions, potatoes, green peppers from Farmer’s Market, and Simply Orange Juice from Publix...
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...take away multiple aspects of the cultural and social history of soil. The book surrounds Montgomery’s informative perspective, which is a geomorphologist himself. He begins with a brief introduction to basic soil science, going back to Darwin's work on earthworms and explaining the O, A, B, and C soil horizons and the processes of soil formation. When we think of dirt, we don’t think much in depth. However, the soils has untold and unspoken value. Soil has a direct correlation with the society living above it. It might be considered valueless to some but potentially valuable to other. Not only this, but it goes beyond just being dirt because it plays a huge importance in...
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...University of Phoenix Material Soil and Glaciers Worksheet From Visualizing Earth Science, by Merali, Z., and Skinner, B. J, 2009, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Copyright 2009 by Wiley. Adapted with permission. Part 1 Size grades of soil are named sand, silt, and clay, which includes colloids. Size grades are defined using the metric system. Use Figure 4.8 from the textbook to fill in the following chart. Specify the type and size and description of the particle. In some cases, particle size will be less than some value or greater than another value. For instance, gravel is greater than 2.0 mm. |Name |Size |Description | |Gravel |>2.0 mm |Limestone, dolomite , sand mixture of pebbles and small rocks | |Sand |>2mm |Quartz, gypsum,mollusk shell, coral fragments basalt pumice. colloids | |Silt |>0.01mm |Sedimentary rock, water, wind, ice include colloids. | |Clay |>0.002mm |Plasticity, firm,silicate, granite, alumina limestone, colloids | |Colloids |>0.00001mm |Molecules, colored glass, tiny grain of sand, silt, and clay. | Part 2 Soils have been classified according...
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...ecosystem services … . So severe that the residual forest can no longer qualify as forest in any practical sense of the world.” Alan Graigner (1980, AS quoted in Saxena and Nautiyal, 1997) asserts that selective logging does not “lead to forest clearance and does not constitute deforestation”, whereas Norman Myers (1980, 1993) thinks that logging is crucial because, although it may only affect a small proportion of trees per hectare, it damages wide areas and is the precursor of penetration by the forest farmers. For the purpose of this study, the FAO’s latest definitions (1993) will be used. The FAO defines forests as “ecosystems with a minimum of 10% crown cover of trees and/or bamboo, generally associated with wild flora, fauna, and natural soil conditions, and not subject to agricultural practices” and deforestation as a “change of land use with a depletion of tree crown cover to less than 10% crown cover”. “A livelihood comprises the assets (natural, physical, human, financial and social capital), activities, and the access to...
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...University of Phoenix Material Soil and Glaciers Worksheet From Visualizing Earth Science, by Merali, Z., and Skinner, B. J, 2009, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Copyright 2009 by Wiley. Adapted with permission. Part 1 Size grades of soil are named sand, silt, and clay, which includes colloids. Size grades are defined using the metric system. Use Figure 4.8 from the textbook to fill in the following chart. Specify the type and size and description of the particle. In some cases, particle size will be less than some value or greater than another value. For instance, gravel is greater than 2.0 mm. Name Size Description Gravel >2.0 mm Rock that is unconsolidated with fragments that have a general particle size range Sand 0.05 Sand particles are largerly formed by the physical break up of rocks. Sand has small surface areas and have an almost negligible role in the chemical activity of the soil. Sand particles are chemically insert or inactive. Silt 0.002 Silt is formed by physical weathering. Finer silits, which approach colloidal sizes, may exhibit some of the characteristics properties of clay. Clay Below 0.002 milimeters The clay fraction differs from the sands and silts in that it is composed predominantly of minerals formed as products of secondary weathering. The rock mineral will go through change before becoming clay minerals. Colloids 0.0001 – 0.00001 milimeters Like other soil particles, some colloids are minerals, whereas others are organic. Minerals colloids...
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