...unveil a draft proposal on Monday to cut carbon pollution from the nation’s power plants 30 percent from 2005 levels by 2030, according to people briefed on the plan. The proposed rule amounts to the strongest action ever taken by the United States government to fight climate change. Coal-fired power plants are the largest source of the greenhouse gas emissions that scientists blame for trapping heat in the atmosphere and dangerously warming the planet. The rule could trigger a fundamental transformation of the nation’s energy systems – if it withstands an expected onslaught of legal and legislative attacks. In his first term, Mr. Obama tried but failed to push a sweeping climate change bill through Congress. But now, as many Republicans question the science of climate change, and even as many Democrats from coal-dependent states fear that a climate change bill could damage their economies, Mr. Obama is moving ahead on his own. He is using the executive authority under the 1970 Clean Air Act to issue the regulation. Under the proposal to be unveiled on Monday, states will be given a wide menu of policy options to achieve the pollution cuts. Rather than immediately shutting down coal plants, states will be allowed to reduce emissions by making changes across their electricity systems – by installing new wind and solar generation, energy-efficiency technology and by starting or joining state and regional “cap-and-trade” programs, in which states agree to cap carbon pollution...
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...Rafsan Mahtab ID: 16-087 Here I have included the proposition and analysis of indirect taxes for the budget FY: 2009/10 Proposition Currently in our country a big portion of tax revenue is earned by import duty which constitutes nearly 42% of the total tax revenue. Because of the ongoing current global recession it is suspected that the revenue from this sector may go down. In this year’s budget a change has brought in the import tariff in certain areas to protect our local industries and retain our export market. Some measures has been proposed which are: 1. A reduction in the in the duty on basic raw materials from 7% to 5% to make our local industry more competitive both in local and international market. 2. Agricultural sector has been declared as the top priority sector and the continuation with the zero tariff on imports of fertilizer, seeds and major food grains. Along with medicine and raw cotton .withdraw VAT on the imports of raw materials to produce pesticides has been proposed to keep pesticides easily available for farmers. 3. Increasing supplementary duty on the imports of luxury vehicles and restructuring of duty slabs has been proposed to augment revenue collection and to discourage imports of luxury vehicles. 4. In order to offer exemption from supplementary duty against import of hybrid motorcars, which is fuel efficient, it is proposed to create a new HS code for separate classification. 5. To enable importation of durable...
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...frozen in polar ice caps and another 0.36% is contained in underground aquifers and wells. Only about 0.0036% of our planet’s water is found in lakes and rivers. The rest of the water is either floating in the air as clouds and water vapor, or is locked up in plants and animals. Saline water (brine) contains 30-50 grams of salt per liter. This concentration of salt can be toxic for the human body to consume and is responsible for many fatalities. But saline water can be made into fresh water by the process of desalination. This summary will cover a few different desalination methods and their benefits. “Among the desalination technologies, thermal desalination, including multi stage flash (MSF) and multi effect evaporation (MEE), is the current leading desalination process. Reverse osmosis (RO) is also being increasingly used.”¹ But both of these processes consume enormous amounts of precious fossil fuels and emit masses of ozone depleting greenhouse gases. Another way to desalinate saline water is by using solar power. The sun emits all of the different kinds of electromagnetic radiation, 99% of its rays are in the form of visible light, ultraviolet rays, and infrared rays (also known as heat). So why wouldn’t we harvest the free solar energy instead of using expensive resources to desalinate saline water? “Solar ponds combine solar energy collection with long-term storage and can provide reliable thermal energy at temperature ranges from 50 to 90 °C.”¹ A solar pond is a pond with...
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...There are several companies researching and exploring ideas on how to get to Mars. Space X is one of those companies they were founded in 2002. The Headquarters of Space X is located in Hawthorne, Ca. and they design, manufacture and launch advanced rockets and spacecraft’s. Space X, is short for Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, it is one of two private companies that NASA has contracted to transport cargo to the International Space Station. (Robertson, 2013) Space X can launch cargo from approximately 5 tons to 53 tons on their two rocket designs right now, cargo services are available on the Falcon 9 space craft for about $56.5 million dollars to sub orbit. If you need larger payload capabilities Space X also has the Falcon Heavy which is capable of carrying heavier payloads. As of right now 6.4 tons or less will cost $77.1 million dollars or for loads over 6.4 tons will cost approximately $135 million dollars. (SpaceX, 2014) Elon Musk is the CEO and Chief designer of Space X and he also co-founded PayPal services. “The key thing for me is to develop the technology to transport large numbers of people and cargo to Mars. That’s the ultimate awesome thing.” Musk envisages a colony with 80,000 people on the red planet. Musk believes he can get this under way in the next 10 to 20 years with the first manned mission to the Red Planet. The key is developing a reusable rocket to help keep cost down. (Coppinger, 2012) “Tickets to go to the Red Planet will cost about $...
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...Global Warming The major threat of today’s world is global warming. Due to various reasons global warming turns out to be a serious issue in the last few years. Today people believe in global warming while this concept was not so much believed and people interpreted in some other meanings what was happening in the past. Global warming is amplification in the temperature of earth because of industrial pollution, fossil fuels, and agricultural practices caused by human being, other and natural gas emissions. Because of this greenhouse gases are released in large quantity. Solar radiations of short wave type go down under the earth and increase its surface temperature, while infrared radiations of long wave type that is released by earth are absorbed and then gases re-emit these waves again. And this climax of greenhouse gases is the cause of change in our earth atmosphere. Serious problems can arise when large quantity of these greenhouse gases buildup in our atmosphere because these gases improved the heat trapping ability of earth. Major Causes of Global Warming The causes of global warming are divided into two categories mentioned in the following: 1. Natural Causes: The causes created by nature are natural causes. One natural cause is an emission of methane gas from wetlands and frosty tundra. Methane gas is called a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere of earth. The earth cycle of atmosphere changer is another natural cause. And this atmosphere cycle approximately...
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...Apple Inc. 1 Apple Inc. 2 Apple Inc. Executive Summary This report provides an in-depth analysis of Apple Inc. (AAPL), with necessary recommendation increasing the wealth of the company and their shareholders. The primary competitors of AAPL would include companies such as the Intel Corporation, Target Inc. and any company that sell technological products. The total revenue for the most recent fiscal year was $182,795 billion dollars on their assets and $39,510 of net income. Timothy Cook has been the CEO of Apple Inc. since 2011, and received $9,222,638 in compensation last year, primarily from non-equity compensation. AAPL maintains their social image in society by creating products for all types of consumers and uses an environmentally friendly manufacturing processes when producing products. AAPL return on equity is 48%, which is 20% higher than the Intel Corporation, one of their many competitors. AAPL operating margin is 1.0% higher than, has 0.18 higher assets turnover and a higher financial leverage than of 0.43 compared to INTC. After analyzing AAPL financial data the best approach for AAPL to increase their ROE is to use existing revenue, financial leverage and add additional services to already created products. There are a few unique risks that AAPL face which includes technological changes with the economy/environment, competitors creating new products at a faster pace and selling them at a cheaper price, as well as systematic risk related...
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...A P R I L 2 014 The disruptive potential of solar power David Frankel, Kenneth Ostrowski, and Dickon Pinner As costs fall, the importance of solar power to senior executives is rising. The economics of solar power are improving. It is a far more costcompetitive power source today than it was in the mid-2000s, when installations and manufacturing were taking off, subsidies were generous, and investors were piling in. Consumption continued rising even as the MAC Global Solar Energy Index fell by 50 percent between 2011 and the end of 2013, a period when dozens of solar companies went bankrupt, shut down, or changed hands at fire-sale prices. The bottom line: the financial crisis, cheap natural gas, subsidy cuts by cash-strapped governments, and a flood of imports from Chinese solar-panel manufacturers have profoundly challenged the industry’s short-term performance. But they haven’t undermined its potential; indeed, global installations have continued to rise—by over 50 percent a year, on average, since 2006. The industry is poised to assume a bigger role in global energy markets; as it evolves, its impact on businesses and consumers will be significant and widespread. Utilities will probably be the first, but far from the only, major sector to feel solar’s disruptive potential. Economic fundamentals Sharply declining costs are the key to this potential. The price US residential consumers pay to install rooftop solar PV (photovoltaic) systems has plummeted from nearly...
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...Should our reliance on nuclear energy sources be expanded in an effort to fuel the future? Today there is a great concern about our carbon emissions and other pollutants because of their adverse affects on our climate. Thus alternative sources of energy are being sought out, such as solar, wind, natural gas, and nuclear energy. Many have found themselves opposing nuclear due to past errors, waste management, safety features, and financial concerns. However, these issues are being addressed as promising new reactors are being designed. Nuclear energy has some clear benefits when compared to some of the drawbacks of other methods. Natural gas will most likely release too much carbon dioxide in the long run to be effective, wind and solar energy are too intermittent and costly to function as a large-scale solution, and hydropower may not be able to expand easily easily enough to make a lasting difference (“Why We Still Need Nuclear Power”). With very little carbon dioxide emissions, relatively cheap energy generation, and an impressive reliability record, nuclear power proves itself to be an option to be explored in a country where electricity generation emits more carbon dioxide than transportation or industry. There are many safety concerns surrounding nuclear energy, but the industry has learned a lot from previous mistakes and many new safety measures are being tested and implemented (“Nuclear Now”). Previous failings with nuclear power, such as the Fukushima disaster,...
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...Already, weather patterns have changed as ice caps and glaciers have shrunk, increasing the likelihood of rising sea levels; plant and animal ranges have shifted; and with all this, comes the adverse impact on agriculture. The loss of polar regions is partially responsible for these effects. The dark, open waters are exposed to absorb most of the solar energy and in doing so, a recipe for more and faster global warming is created. A vicious cycle of ice loss it set off and so is the further warming of the ocean surface, which will in turn result in more ice loss. This melting ice is being released into the oceans and causing sea levels to rise. Rising ocean temperatures also bring about this effect, however. The warmer water would expand and since it is “trapped within a basin bounded by the continents, the water has nowhere to go but up. And in some parts of the world, especially low-lying river deltas, local land is sinking (known as subsidence)—making...
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...“COMPREHENSIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE VIABILITY OF SOLAR POWER IN DELHI – A GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE” A PROJECT STUDY SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENT OF THE TWO YEAR (FULL-TIME) POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT 2012-2014 BY RAJSHREE GUPTA 41 / 2012 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF (PROF. S.K. JAIN) LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, DELHI January 2014 LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, DELHI Dated…………… CERTIFICATE Certified that Ms. Rajshree Gupta has successfully completed Project Study entitled “Comprehensive Investigation of the Viability of Solar Power in Delhi- a Geographical Perspective” under my guidance. It is her original work, and is fit for evaluation in partial fulfillment for the requirement of the Two Year (Full-Time) Post Graduate Diploma in Management. Rajshree Gupta Prof. S. K. Jain TABLE OF CONTENTS Sr.No. Particulars PREFACE 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rooftop PV Systems : An Introduction 1.2 Overview of the Global and Indian Experience Initiatives 1.3 Central initiatives State Initiatives 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY LITERATURE REVIEW 3. 4. METHODOLOGY & KEY ELEMENTS 5. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SHIFT 5.1 Why Solar makes sense SOLAR RESOURCE AVAILABILITY IN 6. DELHI Delhi’s Geographic Potential for Rooftop 6.1 Installations Methodology for calculating the solar rooftop 6.2 potential for different land areas in Delhi 6.2.1 Residential Buildings 6.2.2 Commercial Buildings 6.2.3 Industrial Buildings 6.2.4...
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...Impianti chimici II Monographic Thesis ADSORPTION HEAT PUMPS USING THE ZEOLITE-WATER PAIR: Operating principle and applications Author: Federica FURNARI 1 SUMMARY Introduction ___________________________________________________________________ 3 Chapter 1 Why choosing water-zeolite? ____________________________________________________ 5 Chapter 2 Operating principle of water-zeolite heat pump ____________________________________ 8 Chapter 3 Technological applications _____________________________________________________ 11 Solar-powered adsorption icemakers _____________________________________________________ 12 Self chilling beer kegs _________________________________________________________________ 15 Solar-powered adsorption air conditioners ________________________________________________ 16 Chapter 4 Key issues for future development _______________________________________________ 18 The heat/mass transfer issue ___________________________________________________________ 19 Heat recovery _______________________________________________________________________ 21 Bibliography _________________________________________________________________ 24 2 Introduction Although adsorptive processes have been extensively studied for gas separation, catalysis, etc., it is only recently that they have been proposed for heat management. The interest in adsorption systems started to increase, firstly due to the oil crisis in the 1970s that lead to...
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...Coal is a fossil fuel like oil and gas. Fossil fuels are all formed out of organic matter deposited, decomposed and compressed, storing all the carbon involved under the earth's surface for millions of years. Some of the advantages of coal are - * Easily combustible, and burns at low temperatures, making coal-fired boilers cheaper and simpler than many others * Widely and easily distributed all over the world; * Comparatively inexpensive to buy on the open market due to large reserves and easy accessibility * Good availability for much of the world (i.e. coal is found many more places than other fossil fuels) * Most coal is rather simple to mine, making it by far the least expensive fossil fuel to actually obtain * Coal-powered generation scales well, making it economically possible to build a wide variety of sizes of generation plants. * A fossil-fuelled power station can be built almost anywhere, so long as you can get large quantities of fuel to it. Most coal fired power stations have dedicated rail links to supply the coal. However, the important issue as of now is whether there are more advantages than disadvantages of fossil fuels like coal! Some disadvantages of coal are that - * it is Non-renewable and fast depleting; * Coal has the lowest energy density of any fossil fuel - that is, it produces the least energy per ton of fuel * It also has the lowest energy density per unit volume, meaning that the amount of energy...
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...THE COMPANY AT A GLANCE An introduction: Bajaj electrical Ltd., incorporated in the year 1938, is a mid cap company (having a market cap of Rs 2531.98 cr.) operating in consumer durable sector. The company expertise in lighting, consumer durables, engineering and projects, is promoted by Kamalnayan Bajaj & have its headquarter in Mumbai, Maharashtra. History: The Company was incorporated as Radio Lamp Works Limited under the Indian Companies Act, 1913 as a public company limited by shares, pursuant to a certificate of incorporation dated July 14, 1938. Subsequently the name of the Company was changed to Bajaj Electricals Limited, pursuant to a fresh certificate of incorporation dated October 1, 1960. Company’s manufacturing unit have been accredited with ISO 9001 / 9002 and ISO 14001 certifications for its quality management. Some notable projects of the company include lighting works at the Commonwealth Games stadium and the Bandra Worli Sea Link. The Company caters mainly to the needs of the Indian markets and the export turnover being 0.67% (Previous Year 0.81%) of the total turnover of the Company. There are no reportable geographical segments. All assets are located in India. Management: The company management includes: Shekhar Bajaj Harsh Vardhan Goenka Ashok Jalan V. B. Haribhakti Madhur Bajaj Chairman And Managing Director Director Director Director Director Plant: the company has manufacturing...
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...Stock Data Sector BSE Code Face Value 52wk. High / Low (Rs.) Volume (2wk. Avg ) Market Cap ( Rs in mn ) Years Net Sales EBITDA Net Profit EPS P/E FY13A SYNOPSIS Power 513683 10.00 90.65 /62.35 31000 106954.01 FY14E FY15E Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd operates three open cast Lignite mines of total capacity of 30.60 million tones and three power stations of capacity 2740 MW at Neyveil and one at Barsinagar. During the quarter, the company’s net profit jumps to Rs. 6147.90 million against Rs. 6052.10 million in the corresponding quarter ending of previous year, an increase of 1.58%. Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd has recommended a Final dividend @ 18% i.e., Rs. 1.80 per equity share for the financial year ended March 31, 2013. .Neyveli Lignite has entered into Joint Venture Agreement with Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam for setting up a 1980 MW coal based thermal power project in UP. Annual Estimated Results (A*: Actual / E*: Estimated) 55900.70 25920.10 14597.50 8.70 7.33 67080.84 27886.99 15624.93 9.31 6.85 73788.92 30702.22 16698.47 9.95 6.41 Shareholding Pattern (%) 1 Year Comparative Graph It is proposed to establish 4000 MW capacity coal based power project in the State of Uttar Pradesh in 2 stages each having 2000 MW capacity. Net Sales and Operating Profit of the company are expected to grow at a CAGR of 15% and 6% over 2012 to 2015E respectively. Market Cap Rs. in mn. 106954.01 1268152.40 42128.10 138809.80 EPS (Rs.) 8.70 15.30 49.05 0.00 P/E (x)...
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...community policies related to energy. Special emphasis is given to the security of energy supply and to sustainable and safe energy production. European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Energy Contact information Address: Via Enrico Fermi 2749 TP 450 21027 Ispra (VA) Italy E-mail: arnulf.jaeger-waldau@ec.europa.eu Tel.: +39 0332 789119 Fax: +39 0332 789268 http://ie.jrc.ec.europa.eu www.jrc.ec.europa.eu PV Status Report 2011 Research, Solar Cell Production and Market Implementation of Photovoltaics July 2011 Arnulf Jäger-Waldau European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy, Renewable Energy Unit Via Enrico Fermi 2749; TP 450 I – 21027 Ispra (VA), Italia EUR 24807 EN Legal notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use, which might be made of the following information. The report does not represent any official position of the European Commission, nor do its contents prejudge any future Commission proposals in any areas of Community policy. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/ JRC 64900 EUR 24807 EN ISBN 978-92-79-20171-4 ISSN 1831-4155 doi 10.2788/87966 The report is online available at: http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/refsys/ Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Union © European Union, 2011 Reproduction is authorised...
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