...This research paper will cover sound. It will cover what sound is, how sound waves are created, Parts of a sound wave, Ears, Jobs, and the speed of sound. There will be pictures, equations, and illustrations to help explain the research. sound is an amazing gift from God, and it is important to know what it is. Sound is differing waves of pressure, or vibrations, made by molecules moving back and forth. There are 3 main points of sound: Quality, Amplitude, and Frequency and Pitch. Quality is how well it sounds. Amplitude will be addressed later. Frequency is how often a vibration occurs. Frequency is referred to as Hertz (HZ). Pitch is how high or low sounds are, but is not loudness, though that is a part of sound as well. Frequency and pitch go side by side. If the frequency is high, the pitch is high, if the frequency is low, the pitch is low. The volume, or loudness, of sound is measured in decibels. It is named after Alexander Graham Bell, the creator of the telephone. It was in the beginning just bels, and went from 0 bels to 13 bels, but was not precise enough, so decibels were created. Decibels are a tenth of a bel, and ranges from 0 decibels to 130 decibels. The next point of sound is how sound wave are formed, and what the parts of the sound wave are. The...
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...medical setting. Preventive medicine as well as healing medicine depends on the proper diagnosis and treatment by physicians, and the use of diagnostic imaging can help evaluate the course of a disease, as well as assess and document the disease in response to the treatment. Medical imaging has rapidly expanded from the first medical image discovered by Professor Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. During a late night experiment in November of 1895, Roentgen, a physics professor from Germany, was examining Crookes tubes. He noticed that some light had managed to pass through a tube that he had wrapped in thin black cardboard, reflecting on the wall of his dark laboratory. Upon further investigation he found that the light could also be passed through paper, books, and eventually through human flesh. Unintentionally, he had stumbled upon a very important discovery that led to the discovery of what we now call an X-ray. One of the very first x-rays was one that Roentgen made was of his wife’s hand. The flesh of the hand looked like a shadow, and around the finger bone the wedding band was visible and solid. This was the first time that bone had been viewed through the skin. Within a few months of the discovery, x-ray machines were produced to be used in the medical field. The x-ray machine was the first tool that allowed the internal anatomy to be...
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...Ultrasound For our project we researched ultrasound which is also commonly known as a Sonogram. The definition of ultrasound is energy that is generated by sound waves of 20,000 or greater vibrations per second. Ultrasound is used in many different arrays. It is most often used in the medical field. Ultrasound uses sound waves that are too high to be heard by the human ear. A part of the ultrasound machine called the transducer is placed on the body part and sound waves are emitted from the transducer and reflected back from organs and tissues. When the wave is sent back to the transducer it puts it into the computer which then measures the length of time it took for the wave to leave and come back and this is what makes up the pictures. Ultrasounds are used to look for many different things in the body from tumors to bones to examining an unborn baby. The history of Ultrasound doesn’t go back very far. Although ultrasound has been around since the first world war. It wasn’t until the 1940’s when it was first used for medical purposes. Two researchers are recognized in the history of ultrasound, Doctor Karl Theodore Dussik of Austria and Professor Ian Donald of Scotland. They were the first physicians to use ultrasound for medical purposes. Dussik first used ultrasound to find tumors in the brain and to look for the cerebral ventricals. He called his procedure hyperphonography. Donald wrote an article called Investigation of Abdominal Masses by Pulsed Ultrasound. That was...
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...underwater signal Anjali singh1, Selva balan2 and Prof Dr.R S kawitkar 3 M.E. Student, Dept. of Electronics, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India1 Professor, Dept. of Electronics, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India3 Abstract Underwater acoustics signal is the study of the propagation of sound in water and the interaction of the mechanical waves that constitute sound with the water and its boundaries. The water may be in the dam, ocean, a lake or a tank. There are some frequencies affiliated with underwater acoustics are between 10 Hz and 1 MHz .There are some major steps for underwater signal de-noising. The first step deals with signal pre-processing which including amplifying, filtering,...
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...VACUUM TUBES A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of School of Engineering Asia Pacific College Magallanes, Makati by Pamela Joyce M. Espigol In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements in Electronic Devices and Circuits Lec Date Submitted October 30, 2015 II. INTRODUCTION a. RESEARCH PAPER SUMMARY NO. | ABSTRACT | METHODOLOGY | RESULTS | CONCLUSION | RECOMMENDATION | 1 | The objective of this work is to simulate a tube guitar amplifier, the Giannini True Reverber designed by Carlos Alberto Lopes in the nineteen sixties. The nonlinear “overdrive” characteristics of these devices make them attractive for guitarists since odd harmonics are added into the guitar sound as well as sound compression. The shortcomings of these amplifiers led to the development of DSP simulation techniques over the last few years. Many past DSP simulations of tube amplifiers were implemented using Static Digital Wave shappers for the task of replicating the tube transfer characteristics. Since the physical behavior of such systems is quite complex, physically informed models are necessary for more precision in the simulation, requiring more computer power. A Wave Digital Filter (WDF) simulation of the Giannini True Reverber double 12AX7 preamp is accomplished in this work using Koren’s triode equations and Block Compiler, where each parameter was acquired in the original electronic schematic or by measurement of the real amplifier. The real preamp is compared to the...
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...times. This paper will look at these pieces of technology throughout the 20th Century, leading towards the use of music . Furthermore, in terms of “digital technology” this paper will encapsulate pieces of technology that utilized one or more of the following: electronic instruments, digital instruments, computers, software, and digital audio equipment. Also, while looking at these inventions, the paper will dive into the ways the invention effected music at that time and how their effects are still...
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...and to easily identifying the plaque layer by using the shape parameter measurements. This paper presents and elucidates the new approach to find out the coronary artery plaque with the help of the artery cross sectional layers determination, which are adventitia, media, intima and lumen layers. This system measures the layer’s performance to make the clear way to identifying the plaque layer, which proposes a new method...
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...Neil Harbisson's Eyeborg Palm Beach State College Abstract This paper explores the new technological advances for people with Achromatopsia from research conducted mostly online. All of the research conducted explains the device on how it is used and what it is used for. It also shows how the sounds are conducted so the people using the eyeborg can understand it. Neil Harbisson's Eyeborg Barcelona based artist, Neil Harbisson was born with a condition called Achromatopsia which means that he was born color-blind. He has described himself as a cyborgist and colorologist. With the help of a new technological device that is attached to the back of his skull can translate color to sound. Harbisson can hear the color of sound through audible frequencies through this device in which he calls an "eyeborg". Harbisson has used the term sonochromatism (or sonochromatopsia) to define his new condition. He explains that "achromatopsia can no longer define his condition because achromatopsics cannot perceive nor distinguish colors. He also explains that synesthesia does not define his condition accurately because the relation between color and sound varies depending on each person, whereas sonochromatopsia is an extra sense that relates color to sound objectively and equally to everyone" (Harbisson, 2012). The idea for the device came about when he was attending Dartmouth College of Arts in England, where Harbisson met Adam Montandon who was giving a lecture on cybernetics...
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...Optics Materials: * Optics bench * Optics kit, including a lens/mirror mount * Convex lens of known focal length * Concave mirror of known focal length * Light source/candle * Screen * Meter stick/metric ruler * Two polarized films * Prism * Laser pointer * Protractor * Graph paper * Electromagnetic spectrum chart Materials for Exploring Further: * Plane mirror * Ripple tank, with sheet of plastic or glass that fits on part of the bottom of the tank, and objects that can be used as boundaries to obstruct the pathway of waves * Wave-motion rope * Tuning-fork kit * Stroboscope * Resonance-tube kit In this lab, you will investigate the relationship between the focal lengths of a mirror and lens and the type of image that is generated. Procedure Part 1: Image from a Lens 1. Place the light source, convex lens, and screen on the optics bench as shown in figure 1. Start with the light source at a distance greater than 2ƒ from the lens. Figure 1 2. Measure the height of the light source, or "object" (ho), and record it in data table 1. Also measure and record the distance between the lens and the light source (do) in the data table. Using the lens equation and the given focal length, calculate the distance from the lens to the image (di) and the height of the image (hi): and . Record your calculations in the...
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...Development and Applications of Acoustic Charge Transport CID #478 Physics 222 Term Paper #1 Abstract Acoustic charge transport is accomplished through the use of a surface acoustic wave passing through a low dimensional electron layer. The power efficiency is increased with a piezoelectric substrate. Quantum wires are formed with higher wave intensity, and quantum dots are formed with the interference of two waves. Such methods have applications in electronics. Excitons are preserved for longer times with the use of an acoustic charge transport system, which allows for the development and implementation of optoelectronic delays and storage devices. A common goal of much of today’s technological development is finding ways to make existing technology smaller or more efficient. This is especially apparent in electronics, where a constant push is made to make devices smaller, lighter, and more powerful. Acoustic charge transport (ACT) is a relatively new concept and technique which has applications in both electronics and optoelectronics, which uses light instead of electricity. Not only does ACT have applications in these areas, it has distinct advantages by being smaller and more efficient than currently employed systems. Acoustic charge transport, as the name suggests, is the moving of charge through the use of acoustic waves. The charge that is transported consists of electrons forming a lowdimensional layer, residing in a semiconductor film called a quantum well...
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...Development and Applications of Acoustic Charge Transport CID #478 Physics 222 Term Paper #1 Abstract Acoustic charge transport is accomplished through the use of a surface acoustic wave passing through a low dimensional electron layer. The power efficiency is increased with a piezoelectric substrate. Quantum wires are formed with higher wave intensity, and quantum dots are formed with the interference of two waves. Such methods have applications in electronics. Excitons are preserved for longer times with the use of an acoustic charge transport system, which allows for the development and implementation of optoelectronic delays and storage devices. A common goal of much of today’s technological development is finding ways to make existing technology smaller or more efficient. This is especially apparent in electronics, where a constant push is made to make devices smaller, lighter, and more powerful. Acoustic charge transport (ACT) is a relatively new concept and technique which has applications in both electronics and optoelectronics, which uses light instead of electricity. Not only does ACT have applications in these areas, it has distinct advantages by being smaller and more efficient than currently employed systems. Acoustic charge transport, as the name suggests, is the moving of charge through the use of acoustic waves. The charge that is transported consists of electrons forming a lowdimensional layer, residing in a semiconductor film called...
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...PANPACIFIC UNIVERSITY NORTH PHILIPPINES Tayug, Pangasinan Term Paper In Communication Skills II Second Semester S.Y 2009-2010 The Role of Music in Learning PREFACE This term paper explains the relevance and role of music in learning. It also shows the benefits of listening to soft music in stimulating our mind to do certain tasks. It also discusses the study and research of some people about the goodness of music to body. I hope you will enjoy reading my term paper. - Author – ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank the Almighty God for guiding and giving me the knowledge to create this Term Paper. And also thank my loving family for their support, specially my mom for giving me some sort of ideas and pushed me to do so. My friends and classmates for sharing their knowledge about my topic. And the last but not the least to my very loving and patient my Communication Skills instructor Mr. Ariel Y. Leonin who did his best in teaching us. - Author - TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE............................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT....................................... ii I. Introduction....................................... 1 • Advantage and Disadvantage of Music in Learning................................ 1&2 II. Body.............................................. 3 ...
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...Rebuttal Article: “Hidden Messages in Water” Shayne B. Kendig BCOM/275 May 21, 2012 Abstract This rebuttal article is about how external environment affects the molecular structure of water (shown as crystal formation) – the controversial experiment was conducted by Dr. Masaru Emoto. He published these results as photograph collections: “Messages from Water 1” (1999), “Messages from Water 2” (2002), “Messages from Water 3” (2004), and “Messages from Water 4” (2008).(Retrieved from http://masaru-emoto.net/english/ephoto.html). Rebuttal Article: “Hidden Messages in Water” Dr. Masaru Emoto is very well-known of his experimentation about water crystal formation. He claims that external environment and human consciousness affect the molecular structure of water as shown in crystal formation. According to him, “We start out life being 99% water, as fetuses. When we are born, we are 90% water, and by the time we reach adulthood we are down to 70%. If we die of old age, we will probably be about 50% water. In other words, throughout our lives we exist mostly as water. From a physical perspective, humans are water. When I realized this and started to look at the world from this perspective, I began to see things in a whole new way.” (Emoto 2004) ...
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...and digital medium have merged, changing the sound recording industry forever. This convergence has blurred the line between professional and amateur sound recordings. Technology has made new products smaller, feature rich and more affordable where anyone can record their music and offer it on the web for the whole world to enjoy. This medium convergence has closed the gap between musicians and listeners and brought forth a famine in the recording industry, which in turn, has brought new opportunities to the dying market. What does this mean to us? In short terms, with new digital formatting software available to anyone, the compression of music waves, and the technological advances, the recording industry is struggling to stay afloat. This statement is pretty remarkable, being that the world’s leading recording engineers are having difficulties keeping business alive with the evolution of technology. It is evident, recording engineers need to step backwards to differentiate themselves and find better innovative ways to keep the recording business profitable. This transformation in the world of recording, is affecting all of us as both consumers and producers of audio content. The following research paper discusses these convergence changes with a short look into the history of the recording industry and the transformations that have come about. Starting with the invention of the phonograph in 1877, by Thomas Edison, sound recording became an entertainment medium that...
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...Kidney Stones This is a research paper on Kidney Stones, also called nephrolithiasis. Kidney Stones are apart and family of the Excretory system. This can happen to anyone and may or may not affect you or your loved ones one day. This may be deadly for some people so I am here to inform you of ways to treat it and avoid it in any possible way. Anything helps when you are desperate with painful stones in your body. There are certain ways to get kidney stones and certain ways to treat them as well. They are treatable. This is not something you have to live with your whole life living in when having quick access to medical treatment. Kidney stones is a painful disease to have. Sometimes the stone is too big to pass so they have to break it up...
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