...Comparison of CO2 Emissions from Electric Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles | | In order to determine if the emissions of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) was significantly less from electric vehicles (EV) compared to gasoline powered vehicles, an evaluation was conducted using 5 EV’s and 5 comparable gasoline powered vehicles that were driven 8,000 miles with the average CO2 emissions being measured. The results were that the average CO2 emissions for the EV’s were 4,329 lbs. and the average CO2 emissions for the gasoline powered vehicles were 6,433 lbs., which equates to a 32.7% difference. These results did answer our research question but raised subsequent questions as to whether electric vehicles are the long-term solution in reducing overall non-renewable energy. | | March 22, 2012 March 22, 2012 1.) Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to determine if the emissions of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) from electric vehicles (EV) is significantly less than that of internal combustion vehicles (ICE). Our rational for this experiment is due to the increasing number of electric vehicles that are being manufactured and purchased and to answer the question: Is there really a significant positive impact on the environment or more of a psychological impact for society? To answer this question we began research on how the U.S. is getting its electricity. There are several sources of electricity in the U.S., with coal at 48.9%, natural gas at 20%, nuclear at...
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...CO2 Heat Up Image polar bears standing on one leg due to shrinking ice caps that is the reality in today’s world. Ever since the industrial revolution in the 1850’s, people started to use fossil fuels as energy sources. Fossil fuels create tons of CO2 emissions that get stuck in the atmosphere. These emissions could negatively impact both wildlife and humans alike. CO2 emissions are a big problem in today’s society, and emissions need to be reduced to protect the environment. Some people say CO2 emissions are a myth, and these emissions don’t cause global warming. In the past the Earth heated up to end the Ice Age, and they argue the same cycle is happening today. While the Earth did heat up in the past, it has never reached this kind of global temperature. According to NASA’s climate change graph that shows the Earth’s temperature before fossil fuels and after fossil fuels, the temperature after fossil fuels were used is much higher than before, so this proves CO2 emissions rise global temperature and cause global warming. This creates big problems for the environment. CO2 emissions heat up the Antarctic ice caps causing them to melt. The Antarctic ice caps has been on a slow decline ever since 1992. According John Cook, “Between 1992 and 2011, the Antarctic Ice Sheets overall lost 1350 giga-tonnes (Gt) or 1,350,000,000,000 tonnes into the oceans, at an average rate of 70 Gt per year (Gt/yr).” Even though the Antarctic ice cap gained some of the lost ice from 2011 to 2014...
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...the leading sources of GHG emissions following industrial production, both of which rely on the combustion of fossil fuels for power. Carbon dioxide is the main gas that is released from burning fossil fuels such as petroleum. The problem with gas emissions released by industrial production is hard to cap, however, the problem involving the amount of carbon emissions released can be significantly reduced by cutting back on the amount of individual driving. This is important because transportation is one factor in the warming process that we can control. Many assume that buying a hybrid is a solution to the warming problem. While this is helpful it is not a large enough solution to make a major impact. One way to help cut-backs significantly is to increase and expand on public transportation while making it more efficient and safer for the environment. This would result in fewer combustion vehicles on the road, and an overall reduction in GHG emission. There are a few different types of GHGs that are harmful to the atmosphere. The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. The GHGs methane and nitrous oxide are not very relevant in the combustion of fossil fuels through transportation. Carbon dioxide or CO2, is the main GHG released through transportation. CO2 is the gas which receives the most credit in the argument over climate change. Scientists and experts often refer to “carbon emissions” when discussing gas emissions by means of transportation...
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...large amount of Carbon Dioxide emission. This Green House gas (GHG) attributed to the environmental warming and resulted in an increase of 0.74 degree for past 100 years. Rising global temperatures will cause sea level to rise and alter local climate conditions, affecting forests, crop yields, and water supplies. It may also affect human health, animals, and many types of ecosystems. Deserts may expand and some of our countryside may be permanently altered. This concern has drawn World attention towards Carbon Management. The last 20 years have witnessed increasing momentum for international environmental policy efforts in order to avoid 'dangerous' anthropogenic climate change. Major achievements in the process so far have been the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992 and the Kyoto Protocol (KP) in 1997, which entered into force in 2005. Carbon Management Carbon management is the control of carbon emissions within the economic, social, and technical and policy constraints through the reductions of carbon sources and the enhancements of carbon sinks. When implemented effectively, CPM techniques can reduce operating costs, realizing gains in brand equity, competitive advantage and stakeholder value. It basically focuses on developing break-through technologies for the large scale reduction (e.g. alternative, low carbon, energy sources), removal (e.g. gas separation from flue emissions) and sequestration (e.g. long term...
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...naturally in the Earth’s atmosphere and help to keep the planet hospitable to life by trapping some of the sun’s natural heat. Without this “greenhouse effect,” the Earth’s average surface temperature would be about 33 degrees Celsius cooler than it is currently.4 The most important naturally occurring GHGs associated with this phenomenon are water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O).Other greenhouse gases (e.g., fluorinated gases) are created and emitted solely through human activities. The principal greenhouse gases that enter the atmosphere because of human activities are: * Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal), solid waste, trees and wood products, and also as a result of other chemical reactions (e.g., manufacture of cement). Carbon dioxide is also removed from the atmosphere (or “sequestered”) when it is absorbed by plants as part of the biological carbon cycle. * Methane (CH4): Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from livestock and other agricultural practices and by the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills. * Nitrous Oxide (N2O): Nitrous oxide is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste. * Fluorinated Gases: Hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride...
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...Abbreviations GHG – Greenhouse Gas CO2 - Carbon dioxide CH4 - Methane N2O – Nitrogen oxide LNG- Liquefied Natural Gas Abbreviations GHG – Greenhouse Gas CO2 - Carbon dioxide CH4 - Methane N2O – Nitrogen oxide LNG- Liquefied Natural Gas Highlights * We model two major oil and gas companies. * We examine causes of Climate Change * Increase in further research may produce other alternative to exist source of energy * Combined efforts will help to meet carbon reduction target ABSTRACT Playing a major role in the world, the oil and gas industry is faced with the challenge of climate change. This paper establishes the fact that climate change troubles our planet today. In establishing this fact the paper examines the causes of climate change, the relationship between climate change and the oil and gas industry through CO2. It further evaluates the various methods available to reduce CO2 emissions and the challenges the companies have in implementing the methods. This paper uses two major oil companies as case studies, to establish the above stated facts and concludes that oil and gas companies need to be involved in more research and development of alternative supply of energy, in order reduce CO2 emissions, in collaboration with other sectors of the economy in achieving the targets made regarding climate change, environmental laws and policies. Keywords: CO2, Climate Change, Industry, Oil and Gas. 1. INTRODUCTION Climate change is a global...
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...improve which is emission of CO2 reduce and the economic growth in Malaysia has improve. So, we can get the information about economic growth and emission of CO2 are mutually exclusive. In year 1970 to year 1980, economic in Malaysia shift from primary sector which is agricultural based to the secondary sector which is industrial based. (Hasan, 2007) ; This changing cause the consumption in energy raise substantially. Recently, Malaysia is trying to move to services based which is tertiary sector but it was a highly energy intensified sector. If Malaysia move to tertiary sector, the goal of 40% emission reduction will be distorted. So, to solve this problem, Malaysia need to use renewable energy which is low carbon technology to produce the goods or services. There are some empirical studies that investigated the relationship between the CO2 emission and economic growth. The result show out the graph is linear, U shape, inverted U shape or any other shapes. (Warner, 2008) In Malaysia, there are limited study in relationship of economic growth and CO2 emission. The major source of CO2 emission is from power sector which is electricity. In year 2004, CO2 emission...
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...Tecnologia/Technology THE USE OF HYBRID VEHICLES AS A PROPOSAL FOR REDUCING CO2 EMISSIONS AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO REDUCING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS C. A. R. de Carvalho, and W. Q. Lamas University of Taubate Postgraduate Programme in Mechanical Engineering Rua Daniel Danelli, s/n – Jd. Morumbi 12060-440, Taubate, SP, Brazil carlosalfredo.carvalho@hotmail.com, wendell@unitau.br ABSTRACT The problems related to energy consumption and pollutant emissions for the transport sector represent a major global concern regarding climate changes caused by greenhouse gases, directly related to the increased level of gas emissions from fossil fuels , the main one being carbon dioxide. One way to minimize this problem is through the introduction of new technologies. Hybrid cars are one of the new technology options that has the main advantage of reducing fuel consumption and therefore reducing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. This paper gives an introduction to hybrid vehicles, with the aim of presenting their main advantages and evaluate their impact on emissions of CO2 in the Brazilian fleet, compared to conventional vehicles. Keywords: CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, hybrid vehicles. NOMENCLATURE AR ER PEF N average round by a vehicle, km/year emission rate of CO2 per vehicle, t/year pollutant emission factor, g/km number of vehicles in the year INTRODUCTION Climate change and the increase in greenhouse gases are the main topics of discussion today in global discussions...
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...Delhi-110002 Preface Operation of telecommunications networks requires electrical power. The expense on energy accounts for a significant share of the operational cost of these networks. This is particularly so in the rural areas where availability of power is uncertain. The use of diesel generators to ensure continuous power supply has the disadvantage of increasing the greenhouse gas emission and consequent enlargement of the carbon footprint which has a deleterious impact on the environment. While contribution of the telecommunications sector to the global carbon footprint is low compared to other sectors like transportation and construction, it nevertheless contributes a noteworthy share and increasingly so with growing reach of the telecommunications network. Efforts are afoot, all over the world, to find measures to deal with this issue. As the second largest and fastest growing market in the world, there is need for India to be conscious of the concerns in this regard. Besides, as a country heavily dependent on import of petroleum products while being abundant in renewable energy sources there is scope for innovative measures towards making telecommunications green. It is in this regard that TRAI believes that this is an opportune time to discuss the related issues and is therefore issuing this consultation paper for consideration and comments by the stakeholders. The inputs received will enable the Authority to take further action and take or recommend suitable measures...
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...UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS AND PROVIDING A USEFUL SOLUTION REGARDING GLOBAL WARMING IN CONNECTION TO GAS LAWS A Term Paper Regarding Issues and Concerns about Gas Laws Louie Alison Bernal III- Boyle I. Introduction Background of the Study Global warming refers to an unequivocal and continuing rise in the average temperature of Earth's climate system Nowadays, as technology rises, the issues regarding global warming also rises. The machineries, factories, automobiles, and even gadgets play important role in the production of gases that contributes to global warming. In these days, the earth continues to face lots of problems regarding gases. One of this is global warming. Producing solution to the said issue became a must. But unfortunately, scientists cannot find a solution to it. . Statement of the Problem This project is designed to produce a solution to minimize the effects of Global Warming. It specifically sought to answer the following questions: 1. Can the researcher produce a good solution to minimize the effects of global warming? 2. Is the solution effective? Significance of the Study Global climate change has already had observable effects on the environment. Glaciers have shrunk, ice on rivers and lakes is breaking up earlier, plant and animal ranges have shifted and trees are flowering sooner...
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...know different between two things. We have different type of graphs. For instance, bar chart, pie chart, Histogram and time series charts. Graph theory is the study of graphs. In this project we will explain some charts about carbon dioxide in earth, US carbon dioxide emission, average monthly temperature in Qatar and average monthly rainfall in Qatar. Carbon Dioxide in the Earth It is about rate of co2 in the world. The rate of carbon dioxide is important because it can affect temperature of the earth. The rate of carbon dioxide has increased around the world. Nowadays carbon dioxide has the highest rate. For 650000 years atmospheric co2 has never been above 300 Before 350000 and 250000 and 150000and 30000 years it has the lowest rate of carbon dioxide U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emission Electricity is an important source of energy in the US and in general it use for many reasons such as home, industry and business. The combustion of fuel to produce electricity is the biggest sources of co2 in the US. It has the rate of 38%. The burning of gasoline and diesel to transport people is the second major sources of co2. It has 31% of total US co2 emission. Many kind of industrial process send out co2. Fuel burning from different industrial process has the rate of 14% of total US...
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...through nuclear fission taking place in a nuclear reactor. Nuclear power has enormous advantages regarding the production costs and environmental impacts. Nuclear power is a critical technology of the power production because of the restricted carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The entire lifecycle of energy production emits greenhouse gases that are comparable to those of wind energy (Schmidt et al.). The CO2 recommended by the scientific communities such as the Kyoto Protocol is at the maximum of 0.4 billion metric tons that these systems have reached according to the available records (Freedman and Jaggi). For example, in Europe, nuclear plants saves about 0.7 billion metric tons of CO2 emissions annually which is much higher than the Kyoto Protocol requirements (Sada). Also, in the U.S. nuclear power plants saved equivalent amounts of CO2 in 2004. According to the climate change brochure, nuclear energy production saves the world 2 billion metric tons of the greenhouses gases emission to every year that makes about 7 percent of global emissions. Therefore, the world needs to embrace this technology for power production. Track records indicate that nuclear power provides reliable electricity compared to other sources of energy besides clean production. It follows low natural gas prices of accessible shale gas. Wind and solar power are becoming increasingly widespread, but their intermittent and variable supply makes them poorly suited for large-scale use in the absence of an...
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...The issues of global climate change and global warming have attracted more and more concerns. It is commonly agreed that CO2 is the most important and critical anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG). The predicted growth of global economy and world population in the near future will lead to an increased demand for energy [1], resulting in an even further increase in the atmospheric CO2 concentration [2]. In recent years, the amount of CO2 liberated by the utilization of fossil fuels has been over 30 gigatonnes. Global GHG emissions have doubled since the early 1970s, and the emissions would double again by 2050 without appropriate and effective emission abatement. Although international attempts have been made to reduce CO2 generation by promoting...
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...ingredients of our report. We are deeply indebted to Dean ESD Prof. Rajiv Gupta and the faculty members for providing us with the information required in the project. Finally, we would like to thank our college BITS PILANI for providing an opportunity to do this informative report. Abstract Carbon Credits are a tradable permit scheme under United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC) which give the owner the right to emit one metric tonne of carbon-di-oxide equivalent. They provide an efficient mechanism to reduce the green house gas emissions by monetizing the reduction in emissions. Rural India has a tremendous potential to earn carbon credits by setting up household based energy substitution or fuel switching projects like biogas plants, solar cookers and solar cells, smokeless chulhas etc. In this study, we propose setting up of a 5MW solar power plant so as to offset the carbon emissions produced by the villages under consideration and BITS. The basis of this model is the research study conducted in villages of Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan, India...
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...through nuclear fission taking place in a nuclear reactor. Nuclear power has enormous advantages regarding the production costs and environmental impacts. Nuclear power is a critical technology of the power production because of the restricted carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The entire lifecycle of energy production emits greenhouse gases that are comparable to those of wind energy (Schmidt et al.). The CO2 recommended by the scientific communities such as the Kyoto Protocol is at the maximum of 0.4 billion metric tons that these systems have reached according to the available records (Freedman and Jaggi). For example, in Europe, nuclear plants saves about 0.7 billion metric tons of CO2 emissions annually which is much higher than the Kyoto Protocol requirements (Sada). Also, in the U.S. nuclear power plants saved equivalent amounts of CO2 in 2004. According to the climate change brochure, nuclear energy production saves the world 2 billion metric tons of the greenhouses gases emission to every year that makes about 7 percent of global emissions. Therefore, the world needs to embrace this technology for power production. Track records indicate that nuclear power provides reliable electricity compared to other sources of energy besides clean production. It follows low natural gas prices of accessible shale gas. Wind and solar power are becoming increasingly widespread, but their intermittent and variable supply makes them poorly suited for large-scale use in the absence of an...
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