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S310: Spanish Grammar and Composition

Spring 2005

Instructor: ________________________________ Email: _______________________

Office: ____________ Office Hours: ______________________ Phone: __________________

Required materials: 1. Repase y escriba: Curso avanzado de gramática y composición, 4th edition, María Canteli Dominicis and John J. Reynolds. John Wiley and Sons, 2003 2. Workbook for Repase y escriba,4th edition 3. Coursepack: Spanish Grammar: A Quick Reference, David Wren 4. A good Spanish/English dictionary

Course objectives: To review and strengthen your understanding and use of major concepts of Spanish grammar including grammatical tenses, the subjunctive, pronominal verbs, passive forms, prepositions, and subordination, among other grammatical points. In addition, culture-related readings in Spanish will provide you with opportunities to learn new vocabulary in context and to practice conversation by means of in-class discussions. You will also learn and practice the general guidelines of how to write a composition, including organization and structure, coherence, sentence structure, word choice, accentuation, etc. The class will be conducted in Spanish.

Pre-requisite: S275, placement exam, or departmental permission.
Note: This class is the equivalent of S311. If you have already taken S311, see your instructor.

Daily preparation: Before class, carefully read and study the sections of the textbook (the Lectura and/or the grammatical/lexical explanations and examples that precede the exercises) indicated on your syllabus and complete assignments in the textbook as noted. Become familiar with the exercises to be reviewed/corrected in class and make a list of questions you would like addressed in class (or during office hours). Following the class, you should continue to reinforce the material that was covered by completing the exercises in the workbook listed on the syllabus. This course carries a heavy at-home workload, so it is important to keep up with the assignments. You will receive maximum benefit from the assignments if you complete them according to the dates listed on the syllabus rather than leaving them until the day before a quiz. Most assigned exercises from the textbook, including Spanish grammar exercises, vocabulary exercises, and Spanish translations, will be reviewed in class; some will be collected. These exercises should be written on a separate sheet of paper, not in your textbook. Indicate the page number for each exercise clearly and bring the assignments to class with you each day. While you are encouraged to type homework assignments, handwritten homework may be submitted provided that it is legible. No late assignments will be accepted unless you provide the instructor with official written documentation. This means that if you do not attend class, you may not leave assignments in your instructor’s mailbox or send them with a friend and expect to receive credit for the work.

Attendance: Given the nature of language learning, attendance is required for this course. Students are expected to arrive on time and to have read and prepared the material on the syllabus so that they will be fully prepared for each class and can participate actively. The first three absences count only against your participation grade (however, if the absence is not excused, you will also lose points if work is collected or if a quiz or exam is given). The fourth and subsequent absences are deemed excessive and also count against your final grade. Your overall grade will be lowered by 2% for each excessive absence. Absences may be excused if you present appropriate written documentation within one week of the absence. In addition, habitual tardiness will adversely affect your participation grade. If you incur more than 8 absences during the semester, you should consider withdrawing from the class and taking it when you are able to attend more regularly.

The policy of the dean of Faculties on religious observances states that you must submit a Request for Accommodation form to your instructor by the end of the second week of the semester, January 21. You will find the form and observances approved by the University at: http://www.indiana.edu/~deanfac/holidays.html.

Evaluation: Quizzes (5) 40% Final exam 20% Homework (Textbook + Workbook) 15% Compositions (2 in-class, 1 at home) 15% Participation and preparation 10%

Grading Scale:
A+ = 97-100 B+ = 87-89 C+ = 77-79 D+ = 67-69 F = 0-59
A = 93-96 B = 83-86 C = 73-76 D = 63-66
A- = 90-92 B- = 80-82 C- = 70-72 D- = 60-62

Quizzes/Exams: During the semester, you will take five (5) scheduled quizzes. Because of the pace of the class, it is critical not to miss a quiz, so please keep the following in mind: Only under extreme circumstances is it possible to take a makeup quiz/exam. You must see your instructor and present appropriate documentation as the initial step in making your case within 24 hours of the exam. The final exam is scheduled for Monday, May 2 from 10:15 a.m. – 12:15 p.m. Please note that the final exam is comprehensive; it will cover material from all chapters presented during the semester.

Homework:
Textbook Assignments: The exercises from the textbook should be written out neatly on separate sheets of paper with the page number of the exercise as well as letter and item numbers clearly indicated. Textbook assignments will be collected randomly throughout the semester. You are responsible for handing in all the material requested. No late assignments will be accepted unless you provide your instructor with appropriate written documentation; this means that if you do not attend class, you may not leave assignments in his/her mailbox and expect to receive credit for the work. Textbook assignments will be evaluated as follows:

Textbook: 100 = all exercises complete and correct 90-95 = all exercises complete with few errors 80-85 = all exercises complete with several errors 70-75 = all exercises complete with many errors 60-65= exercises incomplete, or slightly more than 50% wrong 0 = more than 50% incomplete or wrong, or not complete at all

Workbook Assignments: We will be using the workbook that accompanies Repase y escriba which provides additional practice with grammar and vocabulary. You should complete the exercises indicated on the syllabus and later check your answers with the answer key that appears at the end of the workbook. Use one color ink to do the work and a second color to correct your work in order to determine in which areas you are experiencing difficulties so that you can ask your instructor for help. Assignments in the workbook will be collected on quiz days and will be evaluated according to the following scale:

Workbook: 90-100 = all exercises complete and self-corrected 70-80 = most exercises complete and self-corrected 50-60 = most exercises incomplete and/or not self-corrected 0 = very incomplete or work not done at all

Compositions: In order to develop your writing skills, we will follow a two-part process for the compositions. Each version of the composition is worth 200 points: 100 points for the first version and 100 points for the second, thus the first version should not be considered a draft. The first version will be evaluated for both content and form and errors of grammar and style will be indicated. All errors indicated made by the instructor will follow the codes on the Correction Code Sheet (found on page 4 of your syllabus). It will then be your responsibility to correct the errors on the final version. Grades on the second version of the composition can be increased a maximum of two letter grades over the original version provided that all corrections made by the instructor have been incorporated. To receive credit for the second version of the composition, the first version must be attached to the final one on the day of collection, which will be no later than one week after it was returned to the student. No late compositions will be accepted unless you provide your instructor with appropriate documentation. Compositions written at home must be typed, double-spaced, and include the word count at the bottom of the page. All diacritics (including accents) should be inserted by the word processing program, not by hand. Handwritten work will not be accepted. Instructions and topics for compositions written at home will be provided on a handout which you will receive by e-mail. You may not receive outside help on any version of your compositions.

Participation: Your participation grade will be based on several components: individual participation, preparation for class as evidenced by in-class performance, group work, use of Spanish in the classroom and punctuality (Note that the first three unexcused absences count against participation, the fourth and subsequent unexcused absences count against the overall grade [see Attendance section above].) The guidelines for each grade range (e.g., A range = A+, A, A-) are outlined below:

A consistently participates in oral activities with enthusiasm and a positive attitude; often volunteers answers to homework activities that are reviewed in class based on at-home preparation; frequently asks questions that reflect preparation of material; cooperates in small groups and works actively to keep the group on task; makes a concerted effort to maintain conversation in Spanish; arrives on time

B generally participates in oral activities with enthusiasm and a positive attitude; regularly volunteers answers to homework activities that are reviewed in class based on at-home preparation; occasionally asks questions that reflect preparation of material; makes constructive contributions in small group work and assists in keeping the group on task; almost always speaks in Spanish; arrives on time

C sometimes participates in oral activities with enthusiasm; sometimes volunteers answers to homework activities that are reviewed in class, reflecting inadequate at-home preparation; infrequently asks questions which reflect preparation of material; is often unfocused or does not contribute in small group work; attempts to speak in Spanish, but is limited by vocabulary and/or grammar and English; usually arrives on time

D/F lack of at-home preparation makes it difficult for student to participate in oral activities; rarely volunteers answers to homework activities that are reviewed in class; does not ask questions which reflect prior review of material; lapses into English frequently and does not stay focused on tasks in small groups; frequently arrives late

Outside help/Academic integrity: The Indiana University Code of Student Rights, Responsibilities, and Conduct defines “academic misconduct” as “any activity which tends to compromise the academic integrity of the institution and undermine the educational process.” This includes cheating [use of unauthorized materials, assistance, etc. during exams], plagiarism [to present ideas and statements of another person as one’s own] and facilitating academic misconduct [to help another student do any of the above]. With this in mind, consider the following: all assignments for this course should be your own work. You are not permitted to have another student, a tutor, or friend correct the work you are to turn in. You may not use electronic translation programs to do any of the work for this course (print dictionaries are okay). The only exception to the above policies is if you are specifically assigned to work with another student. Cheating, plagiarism, and other examples of academic misconduct as outlined in the Code of Student Rights, Responsibilities, and Conduct will be pursued and sanctions will be levied. If you have any questions about the issue of academic integrity, you should consult with your instructor or the Course Supervisor, Dr. Terri Greenslade.

Withdrawals: The last day to drop a course with an automatic W is Wednesday, March 9 at 4:00 p.m.

Incompletes: Only under the most extreme and exceptional circumstances will the Department of Spanish and Portuguese consider a petition for an Incomplete. You must see the Course Supervisor in order to begin this process.

Course Supervisor: Dr. Terri Greenslade Office: BH 864 Office Phone: 855-2083 Email: tgreensl@indiana.edu Office Hours: by appointment; make initial contact via email
Correction Codes for Compositions and Written Assignments

GRAMMAR
AA Adjective/noun agreement wrong (includes gender and number)
GEN Gender wrong; frequently gender of noun or adjective is wrong AC Accent wrong or missing

ADV Adverb wrong or needed

AGR Subject/verb agreement problem
AP Personal ‘a’ required
ART Article wrong or missing (includes definite [el/la…] vs. indefinite [un/uno/una…])
CC Wrong copula choice (ser vs. estar)
COMB Combine sentences (often requires the use of a transition word)
IMP Impersonal form required; includes passive or impersonal se
INF Infinitive needed
OP Object pronoun wrong or missing

POS Possessive adjective wrong or missing

PREP Preposition wrong or missing

REL Relative pronoun wrong; frequently ‘que’ is missing. Ex.: La casa (que) yo compré.

REF Reflexive pronoun wrong or missing
SP Spelling error
SPN Subject pronoun problem
TNS Tense incorrect (includes preterit/imperfect distinction)
VF Verb improperly conjugated (includes wrong verb forms, e.g., stem-changing verbs)
WC Wrong word choice; vocabulary error
WO Word order incorrect
STYLE
ID Appropriate idiomatic expression in Spanish required. This error is often the result of a literal translation from English. Ex: Tuvimos un buen tiempo for Lo pasamos bien.

INC Incomprehensible due to structure or vocabulary choice that makes it difficult to identify error – needs to

be rewritten (often the result of a literal translation from English).

NC Not clear
NL Not logical in terms of paragraph development
PUNC Punctuation wrong or missing
REP Use pronoun to avoid repetition
RS Repetitive word or structure; can often be corrected using synonyms or rewording
REW Needs to be reworded or explained more clearly
TR Transition word required to link ideas
CAP Lower (LC) or uppercase (UC) needed
Español S310 (MWF/MWR) Primavera del 2005
Plan del semestre

SG = Sección gramatical SL = Sección léxica; APL = Aplicación; PEM = Para escribir mejor; “Pares” = 2, 4, 6, etc.; “Impares” = 1, 3, 5, etc. La página indicada corresponde al lugar donde comienza el ejercicio, pero se debe hacer el ejercicio completo.

NB: Se debe completar los ejercicios del libro de texto antes de la clase de la fecha indicada y los ejercicios del cuaderno de práctica después de la clase de la fecha indicada.
|Fecha |Capítulo |Libro de texto (preparar antes de la clase) |Cuaderno de práctica (hacer|Otra información |
| | | |después de clase) | |
|10 de enero | | | |Introducción al curso y |
| | | | |primera lectura |
|12 de enero |1: Ser y estar |Leer Lectura pp. 1-3 y SG pp. 5-7, 8-9 |pp. 1 - 4 | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 4A y B, p. 7B y C, p. 9C, p. 10E | | |
|13 o 14 de enero | |Estudiar cuadros y ejemplos pp. 11, 12 y 13; Leer SL |pp. 6 (Ejercicio C) - 8, 10| |
| | |pp. 17-19 |(Ejercicio B) | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 12 – pares, p. 16C #1 y 2, p. 19A | | |
|17 de enero | | | |Día de MLK – NO HAY CLASE |
|19 de enero | |Estudiar cuadros y ejemplos pp. 14-15; Leer |pp. 5 (Ejercicio B), 9 | |
| | |Distinciones pp. 21-22 y PEM p. 23 |(Ejercicio A), 12 | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 15A #1 y #3, p. 23D – impares, p. 24A – |(Ejercicio B - sólo | |
| | |pares |acentuación) | |
|20 o 21 de enero |2: Pretérito e |Leer Lectura pp. 29-32 |pp. 15 - 18 (hasta SG) | |
| |imperfecto |Hacer APL p. 32A y B | | |
|24 de enero | |Leer SG pp. 34-40, Estudiar cuadro y ejemplos, p. 40 |pp. 18 (Ejercicio A) - 22 | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 36C, p. 40A, p. 41B |(hasta Ejercicio E) | |
|26 de enero | |Leer SL p. 44 y Distinciones pp. 45-46, 47-49 |pp. 22 (Ejercicio E) - 26 | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 44A – pares, p. 46A – pares, p. 46B – |(hasta PEM) | |
| | |impares, p. 47D – impares, p. 49B | | |
|27 o 28 de enero | |Leer PEM p. 50-51 |p. 26 (PEM), p. 27 |Repaso Prueba 1 |
| | |Hacer APL p. 51A y B, p. 52D, p. 16C #3 (repaso), 42C|(Ejercicio C) | |
| | |(repaso) | | |
|31 de enero | | | |Composición 1 – se escribirá |
| | | | |en clase (pretérito e |
| | | | |imperfecto) |
|2 de febrero |1 y 2 | | |Prueba 1 |
| | | | |Entregar Cuaderno (caps. 1 y |
| | | | |2) |
|3 o 4 de febrero |3: Construcciones |Leer Lectura pp. 55-57 |pp. 29 - 32 (hasta SG) | |
| |Verbales |Hacer APL p. 58A#2, p. 58B | | |
|7 de febrero | |Leer SG pp. 59-61 y 63-65 (estudiar expresiones) |pp. 32 - 35 (hasta | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 62B y D, p. 65B#1 y #2 |Ejercicio E) | |
|9 de febrero | |Leer SG pp. 67-68, Distinciones pp. 72-73 y PEM pp. |pp. 35 (Ejercicio E - 37 | |
| | |74-75 |(hasta Ejercicio G), p. 38 | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 68B – impares, p. 69D, p. 74 – pares, p. |(Ejercicio A), p. 39 | |
| | |75A |(Ejercicio A) | |
|10 o 11 de febrero|4: Subjuntivo en |Leer “Grupos Hispanos en los Estados Unidos” – se | |Repasar formas del presente y |
| |cláusulas nominales |enviará electrónicamente | |pasado del subjuntivo (ver |
| | | | |Spanish Grammar Reference) |
|14 de febrero | |Leer SG pp. 85-87, 89, 90, 91 y 92 |pp. 44 - 48 (hasta | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 88A – impares, p. 88B, p. 91, p. 92A, p. |Ejercicio F) | |
| | |93C | | |
|16 de febrero | |Leer SG pp. 94-95 y estudiar cuadros, 96-97 y 98 |pp. 48 (Ejercicio F) - 51 | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 95#1 y #3, p. 98B, p. 99 |(hasta SL) | |
|17 o 18 de febrero| |Leer Distinciones pp. 100-102, PEM pp. 103-105 |pp. 51 (Ejercicio B) - 53 | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 102A#1 y #2, p. 105A | | |
|21 de febrero |3 y 4 | | |Prueba 2 |
| | | | |Entregar Cuaderno (caps. 3 y |
| | | | |4) |
|23 de febrero |5: Subjuntivo en |Leer SG pp. 112-114 y 116-119 |pp. 58-61 (hasta Ejercicio | |
| |cláusulas relativas |Hacer APL p. 115B, p. 117A |F) | |
|24 o 25 de febrero| |Leer SG pp. 120-121 y Distinciones pp. 124-125 |pp. 61 (Ejercicio F) - 64 | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 121A, p. 126A – impares, p. 126B |(hasta SL), 65 (Ejercicio | |
| | | |C) -66 (hasta PEM) | |
|28 de febrero |6: Subjuntivo en |Leer SG pp. 138-139 y 141-142 |pp. 71 (Ejercicio A) - 76 | |
| |cláusulas adverbiales |Hacer APL p. 141G#1, p. 143A, p. 143D#1 | | |
|2 de marzo | |Leer SG pp. 144-145, SL pp. 147-148 y Distinciones pp. |pp. 77 - 81 | |
| | |149-150 | | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 146A y C, p. 148A, p. 151A, p. 152C | | |
|3 o 4 de marzo |5 y 6 | | |Prueba 3 Entregar Cuaderno |
| | | | |(caps. |
| | | | |5 y 6) |
|7 de marzo |7: Artículos definidos|Leer SG pp. 161-164, 165-168 y 169 |pp. 87 (Ejercicio A) - 90 |Entregar Composición #2 |
| |e indefinidos |Hacer APL p. 164A#2 y #3, p. 165B, p. 168#3 y #4 |(hasta Ejercicio D) |(subjuntivo) |
|9 de marzo | |Leer SG pp. 170-176 y Distinciones p. 180 |pp. 90 (Ejercicio D) - 92 |** Último día para dejar la |
| | |Hacer APL p. 170 (¿Culpable o inocente), p. 176A#2, p. | |clase con una “W” automática |
| | |178D – pares, pp. 180-181 | | |
|10 o 11 de marzo |8: Preposiciones |Leer Lectura pp. 187-189 |pp. 96 - 99 | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 189A, p. 190B | | |
|14-18 de marzo | | | |Vacaciones de primavera |

|21 de marzo | |Leer SG y estudiar cuadros pp. 191-195, 197, 198-199, y|pp. 100 - 104 (hasta SL) | |
| | |200-201 | | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 195A, p. 196F, p. 201A y B | | |
|23 de marzo | | | |Repaso y práctica – Prueba 4 |
|24 o 25 de marzo |7 y 8 | | |Prueba 4 Entregar Cuaderno |
| | | | |(caps. 7 y 8) |
|28 de marzo |9: Por y para, |Leer SG pp. 215-216, 217-219, 221-222 y 224 |pp. 112 - 116 | |
| |preposiciones |Hacer APL p. 222A – impares, p. 223B, p. 225#2 y #3 | | |
| |compuestas | | | |
|30 de marzo | |Leer SG pp. 226-228 y SL pp. 228-229 |pp. 117 - 118 (hasta SL), | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 228#2, p. 230A y C |119 (Ejercicio B), 120 | |
| | | |(Ejercicio C) | |
|31 de marzo o 1 de| | | |Actividades especiales |
|abril | | | | |
|4 de abril |10: Adjetivos |Leer Lectura pp. 239-242 |pp. 123 - 126 (hasta SG) | |
| |descriptivos |Hacer APL p. 242A, p. 243B | | |
|6 de abril | |Leer SG pp. 244-246, 249 (estudiar cuadro) y 250-251 |pp. 126 (Ejercicio A) -130 | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 246A#1 y #4, p. 249-250 |(hasta Ejercicio F) | |
|7 u 8 de abril | |Leer SL pp. 253-254, Distinciones pp. 255-257 y PEM pp.|p. 131 |Repaso Prueba 5 |
| | |258-260 | | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 255B y C, p. 257A y B | | |
|11 de abril |9 y 10 | | |Prueba 5 Entregar Cuaderno |
| | | | |(caps. 9 y 10) |
|13 de abril | | | |Composición 3 - se escribirá |
| | | | |en clase (descripción) |
|14 o 15 de abril |11: Usos del futuro |Leer Lectura pp. 263-265 |pp. 134 - 136 (hasta SG) | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 266A y B | | |
|18 de abril | |Leer SG pp. 268-270, 271-272 |pp. 136 (Ejercicio A) - 138| |
| | |Hacer APL p. 270B y C, p. 272B |(hasta Ejercicio E) | |
|20 de abril |12: Verbos |Leer SG pp. 301-304 y 305 |p. 148 (Ejercicio A) - 151 | |
| |pronominales y |Hacer APL p. 304A y B, p. 305A |(hasta Ejercicio F) | |
| |reflexivos/La voz | | | |
| |pasiva | | | |
|21 o 22 de abril | |Leer SG pp. 306-308, 309-311 y Distinciones pp. |pp. 151 (Ejercicio F) - | |
| | |316-318 |153, p. 155 (Ejercicio C) | |
| | |Hacer APL p. 308A #1, p. 311A - pares, p. 311B – | | |
| | |impares, p. 318 | | |
|25 de abril |14: Pronombres |Leer Lectura pp. 353-355 y SG pp. 357-361 |169-171 (hasta SG) | |
| |relativos |Hacer APL p. 355A, p. 356B, p. 361A, p. 361C #2 (p. | | |
| | |362) | | |

|27 de abril | |Leer SG pp.363-365, 367 |pp. 171 (Ejercicio A) - 179| |
| | |Hacer APL p. 365A, p. 368 |(hasta SL) | |
|28 o 29 de abril | | | |Repaso general |
|2 de mayo | | | |Examen final |
| | | | |10:15 a.m. – 12:15 p.m. |

Final Exam: Monday, May 2, 10:15 a.m. – 12:15 p.m.

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... Spanish 101-04: 5-units course CRN: 11555 Department: Modern Languages, Literatures & Phil. Term: Fall 2010 DISCLAIMER: The syllabus and calendar are a work in progress. Keep in close contact, by attending class regularly and checking Blackboard on a daily basis. Required texts: -- Donley, Benavides, Márquez. Aventuras Primer curso de lengua española, 3rd edition, Vista Higher Learning -- Aventuras Lab Manual/ Workbook/Video Manual. Vista Higher Learning, 3rd edition -- Supersite, Aventuras 3a edition, Vista Higher Learning (pass code comes with new textbook) Also recommended: www.wordreference.com (on line bilingual dictionary & thesaurus); www.studyspanish.com (extra practice) Course Description: This course offers a beginning level of Spanish and forms a part of the SPAN 101, 102, and 103. SPAN 101 introduces Spanish language grammar, vocabulary, cultural information, oral practice, and writing. The weekly requirements include class meetings (Monday—Friday, or Monday/Wednesday/Friday), a visit to the language lab, daily homework and workbook and lab book assignments. You are allowed to bring food and beverages to class. Attendance is mandatory. Course objectives: During this quarter, the goal is for you to… -- Begin to talk in Spanish about yourself, your preferences, and interests; -- Read, write and understand enough Spanish to handle basic social...

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...On the first week of Junior year I found myself sitting in a small Spanish class of nine classmates. Out of 53 students from Spanish Level 2, only five of us decided to continue their spanish education; the other four were native speakers who were part of the english language acquisition program. We heard the alumni’s warnings constantly- “If you want to keep your sanity, do not take Spanish 3,” “Senor Pysher will definitely not have pity on you as a Junior,” and my favorite warning- “It’s worse than any class I’ve taken, even my APs!” However, I did not listen. I enjoyed Spanish class dearly and I was determined to continue my studies. Everyday in Spanish Level 3, I walked into a storm of irregular verb conjugations, latin american geography...

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Spanish Alphabet

...MMLS NOTE- LEARNING: El Alfabeto Español/ the Spanish Alphabet If you know the alphabet in English, you can easily learn it in Spanish. That is because the Spanish alphabet is very similar to the alphabets of most other western European languages, including English. According to the Real Academia Española, which is considered the arbiter of what's official Spanish, the following letters make up the Spanish alphabet: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, ñ, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z The following chart shows the capital letters along with name of each letter. |Letter |Name |Letter |Name | |A |a |N |ene | |B |be |Ñ |eñe | |C |ce |O |o | |D |de |P |pe | |E |e |Q |cu | |F |efe |R |ere ...

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...in a one-month summer program in Spain. At first, I took part in this program because of my curiousness about this country and my eagerness to improve my Spanish. To my astonishment, however, this journey brought me a surprising gift——a dream that I will pursue for my whole life: I want to learn as many languages as I can when travelling around the world. My dream sprouted in the special natural landscape of Spain. In the first two weeks, I was shocked by its wonderful landscapes—rolling mountains, deep blue and powerful Atlantic Ocean, dazzling and warm sunshine… Those fantastic views stimulate my interest in exploring more wonderful scenes around Spain, or even more, around the world. I was sure plentiful wonders were waiting for me to experience. In addition, Spain is all the more fascinating for its unique artistic achievement in the fields of literature, dancing, architectures, and more many. In the following two weeks I paid a visit to Sagrada Familia, the museum of Picasso and Casa Batlló. These masterpieces make this country mysterious with the sense of humanism. After that, I decided that I would be back one day exploring them more deeply. Furthermore, I was looking forward to more human landscapes worldwide. At this moment, my dream took shape roughly. To understand these landscapes thoroughly, learning Spanish is very important, for it is the basic tool to read and to listen. In Spain, few people can speak English well let alone Chinese. Once I lost myself in...

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...Spanish 102 Brownbag Lunch Discussion Reflection While I have only just begun my first semester studying at University of Maryland Baltimore County, I have already been exposed to numerous multi-cultural events on campus. One of the most informative was the “Brown Bag Lunch Discussion” with Speaker Luz Rivera Martinez. Going into this informal discussion I had little idea of what to expect, but once Martinez began to talk it was clear that she had come to tell the participants in the discussion about her culture and the main symbol of her people-corn. Truthfully, this topic seemed quite miniscule in severity compared to the many issues that surround Latin American cultures. But as the discussion went on, I understood corn wasn’t just a crop to be harvested to Martinez; it was the root of her existence. Martinez exemplified corn’s importance in Latin American society by describing its distinct role in every major, and minor, event. Whether the family was gathered to eat or there was a burial ceremony taking place, corn was present. This respect for corn was developed because it was a crop that built their culture and had been alive and growing, both literally and figuratively, for many decades. As a result of corn being at the society’s root of existence, it was extremely alarming to the people when the government began enforcing laws limiting their crop productions. The farmers were told they could only use a certain kind of seed that which, to be purchased, meant the people...

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...progressive writing which is used in many different Spanish-speaking countries to tell exact activities at exact times. Almost all verbs have the present progressive except for two verbs. Those verbs are venir, which means to come and ir, which means to go. To put those present progressive, you must put it into simple present tense verbs. For every verb that ends in a vowel, you must change it into “-yendo” instead of “-iendo” because of the present participle. An example of the present progressive is with cantar. Since this verb ends in with “-ar”, you must change the verb from cantar to cantando, but with the correct form of estar before it. The participles of stem-changing verbs like pedir, dormir, and servir change the “o” to “u” and the “e” to “i” then add the “-iendo” to the end. An example of this is that dormir changes to durmiendo and servir changes to sirviendo. Direct object and reflexive pronouns can go before the form of estar or can be attached to the end of the present participle. When it is attached, you must put an accent mark over the stressed vowel. For example, la estoy haciendo changes to estoy haciendola. Lastly, the present progressive cannot be used for what is going to happen; instead, the simple present tense is used. As you can see, the present progressive is only used to say what is happening, not to tell what is going to happen because there are other words in Spanish used to describe that. Spanish is a very complex language to learn, but with...

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...Spanish Period (1565-1872) HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Long time before the Spaniards and other foreigners landed on Philippine shores, our forefathers already had their own literature stamped in the history of our race. Our ancient literature shows our customs and traditions in everyday life as traced in our folk stories, old plays and short stories. Our ancient ancestors also had their own alphabet which was different from that brought by the Spaniards. The first alphabet used by our ancestors was similar to that of the Malayo-Polynesian alphabet. Whatever records our ancestors left were either burned by the Spaniards friars in the belief that they were works of the devil or were written on materials that easily perished, like the barks of trees, dried leave sand bamboo cylinders which could not have remained undestroyed even if efforts were made to preserve them. Other records that remained showed folk songs that proved the existence of a native culture truly our own. Some of these were passed on byword of mouth till they reached the hands of some publishers or printers who took interest in printing the manuscripts of the ancient Filipinos. The Spaniards who came to the Philippines tried to prove that our ancestors were really fond of poetry, songs, stories, riddles and proverbs which we still enjoy today and which serve to show to generations the true culture of our people. Pre-Spanish Period The Pre-Spanish Period Historical Background     Long before the Spaniards...

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Spanish Inquisition

...The Spanish Inquisition In 1469, the marriage of Ferdinand V of Aragon to his cousin Isabella of Castile united the two most powerful provinces of Spain (Hauben, 23). During this time, Spain was becoming one of the wealthiest nations in the world. Much of Spain’s wealth was contributed by the Jewish population, which was very successful during this time period because of Christian church laws against usury, which is an illegal practice of charging unfair rates on loans. Prejudice against the Jews and strong feelings of anti-Semitism had also grown during this time, especially after a riot on Ash Wednesday (March 15,1391), started by a Spanish archdeacon named Martinez. Martinez called out to all Spanish citizens to “purge themselves of the filthy Jews”. Martinez incited his congregation to riot. The crowd moved enmasse towards the Juderia (Jewish quarter). Some of the participants were captured by the police and flogged or beaten, but that was not enough to stop the mob. Although they did not succeed that day to destroy the Jews, the feelings that Martinez had evoked lay simmering until June 6th when the mob sacked the Juderia of Seville. It is believed that the victims numbered in the hundreds, if not thousands (C. Roth, 1964). The estimated number of victims for the riot is said to be a little over one thousand. After this ordeal, a number of Jews, called conversos, professed themselves as Christians to escape persecution. Many Christians were questioning the validity of...

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The Spanish Inquisition

...This paper will attempt to accurately examine the development of the Spanish Inquisition, from the spread of the Inquisition into the Spanish territories through the ultimate upheaval, and the initial dissolvement, of the authority it held over the public who feared it. It will endeavor to show the implications of the Spanish Inquisition and how it was ultimately used as a device in its own undoing. Such an examination helps to explain the use of Church authority in secular governing, and later the separating of the Church from the crown. The paper will also take a closer look at this racial injustice in an attempt helping to see just how this may happen again if not understood and foreseen. The Church since its origins has suffered from the attack of heretics and their heresies, which have, caused many controversies and schisms within it. The Spanish Inquisition was independent of the medieval Inquisition, which evolved in the Middle Ages as an effective means of coping with the problem of heresy, which became a serious menace to the Catholic Church in the twelfth century. The fame of the Spanish Inquisition, as Ferdinand and Isabella established it at the close of the fifteenth century, was directed at Jewish merchant and Muslim traders, even under reluctant approval of Sixtus IV. The literal meaning of the word heretics is choosing, selecting beliefs outside or of different religions instead of accepting obediently the whole faith of the Catholic Church. Although, no authorities...

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