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Spartan Heat Exchangers Inc

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ESCUELA DE POSTGRADO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD PERUANA DE CIENCIAS

CASO: Spartan Heat Exchangers Inc.

PROGRAMA: MAESTRIA EN DIRECCION DE OPERACIONES Y LOGISTICA
CURSO: GESTION DE COMPRAS Y ADQUISICIONES
PROFESOR: MIGUEL SHINNO
PARTICIPANTE:
OSWALDO DANTE RAMIREZ ALVARADO

2011
LIMA-PERU

Spartan Heat Exchangers Inc.
DESARROLLO DEL CASO
La nueva estrategia de Spartan´s era la siguiente
“Reducir la variedad de tres o cuatro líneas básicas para cada categoría de producto. El departamento de ventas ya no aceptaría pedidos de diseños especializados. El objetivo de la nueva estrategia se he reducir el tiempo de entrega de 14 semanas a 6 semanas y menores costos de producción considerablemente”
Spartan´s está actualmente con lo siguiente en inventario: Inventario Total | $53,500,000 | Inv. Materia prima | $21,400,000 | Inv. PP y PT | $32,100,000 |

Esto se genera porque la cantidad de compradores que tiene, precisamente para mantener esta personalización del producto, que era parte de la estrategia anterior, generaba que esta gestión de compras estaba hecha de acuerdo al pedido (tal comprador para atender tal pedido), los materiales restantes se almacenaban y no volvían a ser tocados para otros pedidos, pues no hay una gestión de control de materiales en stock , el proceso de fabricación muestra una idea de producción que puede ser modularizada (procesos generales al inicio y procesos personalizados al final), las compras deben ser agrupados por tipo de material ya que el 35% representa productos de aluminio, tubos y principalmente hojas, y esta generalidad no se ha estado aprovechando para realizar compras a mayor volumen generando menos costos de adquisición (economías de escala)
Otro dato a resaltar es que la empresa se ha dado cuenta que su fortaleza de hace diez años, se está convirtiendo en una debilidad, pues los clientes ya no ven la personalización como algo prioritario, sino la entrega y precio son las nuevas tendencias en la elección de la compra, la lectura menciona esto y Rick Coyne (Director de Materiales de Spartan Heat Exchangers Inc.) resalta la realidad a la que se enfrentan:
Lectura:
“Muchos de los clientes de Spartan 's habían desarrollado recientemente expectativas agresiva en materia de precios y plazos de entrega, y algunos clientes clave había decidido optar por el estándar de tu producto de diseño, sacrificar el diseño personalizado de un menor costo y una entrega más rápida”

Rick:
“Hace diez años, fuimos una de las las pocas compañías en nuestra industria que ofrece servicios personalizados en el diseño y la fabricación y la estrategia de este sentido de negocio, los clientes estaban dispuestos a pagar un sobreprecio por los productos personalizados"
La estrategia antigua era:
"Estábamos dispuestos a hacer cualquier cosa para cada cliente con respecto a sus necesidades de transferencia de calor. Estábamos dispuestos a hacer prueba y error en el taller y proporcionar un cliente con sus propios productos únicos de transferencia de calor."
El plan de Rick esta basado en estos tres pilares: 1. Los tiempos de entrega al cliente para los productos acabados se redujera a seis semanas a partir de la media actual de 14 semanas. 2. En segundo lugar, la nueva rotación de inventario sera de 20 veces. Mientras tanto, el desabastecimiento de materias primas sera eliminada. 3. En tercer lugar, Max cree que la normalización de productos también ofrecen oportunidades para reducir los costos de los bienes adquiridos. Se espera que los costos de las materias primas y componentes podría reducirse en un 10 por ciento en los próximos 12 meses.
El orden de los pilares debe invertirse, primero es la gestión con las materias primas o en todo caso reordenarse o separarse del 2do pilar, bajo este enfoque el plan a seguir seria el siguiente: 1. El desabastecimiento de materias primas sera eliminada: Se agrupan la compra de aluminio, tubos y hojas (35% del total), y se generan compras corporativas los cual provee a la empresa de poder de negociación para reducir precios, la no aceptación de pedidos personalizados se presta para esta política de compras.

2. Los tiempos de entrega al cliente para los productos acabados se redujera a seis semanas a partir de la media actual de 14 semanas: Al no tener productos personalizados la producción de productos en proceso estándares, hace que el tiempo desde el pedido hasta el tiempo de entrega se reduzca, pues cuando el cliente haga un pedido sobre determinado producto (recordemos que los tipos de productos son estándares de tres o cuatro líneas básicas), el tiempo de fabricación solo contemplara las tareas finales para convertirlo en producto terminado, por lo tanto el Lead Time se reduce considerablemente.

3. La nueva rotación de inventario sera de 20 veces: Al realizar compras por naturaleza de producto mas no por personalización de pedido, nos da la facilidad de controlar el stock existente (compro cuando se me esta agotando el stock, ya no compro cuando se realiza el pedido) sin tener en cuenta el stock o sobrante de otro pedido), la gestión de rotación de inventarios, cobra fortaleza pues es la revisión antes de decidir comprar.

4. La normalización de productos también ofrecen oportunidades para reducir los costos de los bienes adquiridos. Se espera que los costos de las materias primas y componentes podría reducirse en un 10 por ciento en los próximos 12 meses: Esta es mas una variable externa, no depende tanto de la empresa sino de factores que ocurren por la leyes internacionales, pero podría ser un oportunidad muy bien aprovechada por la empresa.
También otros cambios que la lectura deja abierta a mencionar, sería el tema de manejo de inventarios, personal de almacén que está manipulando inadecuadamente, ya sea por desconocimiento o por dolo, la obsolescencia generada por el manejo de materiales por pedido y no por tipo de material, se daba de baja materiales por personal no idóneo (personal de producción), se sugiere: 1. Se debe ordenar el almacén de MP. PP y PT, sincerar los inventarios Fisico/Sistema, y establecer un procedimiento de baja de materiales, que en este caso se daba de baja, porque no era para un pedido “x”, ahora se dará de baja siempre en cuando el material se descontinúe y no pueda ser usado en ninguna de las líneas de producto que maneja la cartera de la empresa, y la evaluación para la baja será hecha por personal del departamento de materiales, en base a la demanda y planes de producción que no las contemplan en determinado plazo.

2. Alinear los stocks de acuerdo a la demanda de productos y generar compras corporativas de los productos generales, solo para el tiempo que el pronóstico te permita mantener para lograr la rotación deseada (20 veces).

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