...Special People and Special Needs According to the California Department of Education, a special population is one that fits into one of the following criteria: “Individuals with disabilities; individuals from economically disadvantaged families, including foster children; individuals preparing for nontraditional training and employment; single parents, including single-pregnant women; displaced homemakers; and individuals with other barriers to educational achievement, including individuals with limited English proficiency ("Special Populations", 2014).” Many of the homeless fall into more than one category of Special Populations. The National Healthcare for the Homeless Council (2014) adopts the U .S. Department of Health and Human Services’ definition of what it means to be homeless stating a homeless person is, “ an individual who lacks housing (without regard to whether the individual is a member of a family), including an individual whose primary residence during the night is a supervised public or private facility (e.g., shelters) that provides temporary living accommodations, and an individual who is a resident in transitional housing.” Homelessness does not discriminate against age, adults and children are homeless. The most common causes of homelessness is a lack of affordable housing, poverty, unemployment, substance abuse, and mental illness ("Facts And Figures: The Homeless", 2010). As of 2009, one in 50 children in America were homeless, or approximately...
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...students with disabilities pass through typical developmental milestones and express skills within an average range for their age group. Others show delayed growth at certain developmental milestones, and many students with disabilities experience challenges as they navigate through the school curriculum. It is critical that special education teachers know how to differentiate between typical individual differences among children without disabilities and differences that may indicate a disability that requires interventions and/or specialized designed instruction. In addition, special education teachers need to know the most common types of disabilities that students may experience and how those disabilities affect their ability to learn and their behavior in the classroom. Competency 1 thus focuses on the characteristics of typical and atypical human growth and development and the characteristics of students with various disabilities that special education teachers are likely to encounter. The test includes a wide range of multiple-choice questions that address Competency 1. * Questions on typical and atypical behaviors and abilities for children and adolescents at particular ages. * Questions on the types and characteristics of various disabilities. * Questions on the similarities and differences among students with and without disabilities. This competency encompasses the following content: ► Demonstrate knowledge of characteristics of typical and atypical...
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...individuals who work together to achieve a common goal. Usually, a team includes a general education teacher and a special education teacher, and perhaps other related professionals. Dependingon a child IEPin the general curriculumand how often the student with special needs participates For effective collaboration to take place,high levels of trust, cooperation, and mutual respect must be present in a shared decision making process (GCU Lecture, 2013; Gargiulo, 2012) Framework of Co-Teaching Requires "collaborative effort of two equally-licensed professionals” generally a special education teacher and regular education teacher The team teaches in the general education setting, Teaching the general education curriculum. Together teachers instruct, plan, assess, and manage behaviors within the classroom for all students, yet the general education teacher is responsible for content and the special education teacher is responsible for instructional strategies. Co-teachers should have effective communication skills, trust, elasticity, and shared planning. (GCU Lecture, 2013; Webster, 2011) Collaborative Teaching Methods The Five Step Process when working with special needs students: 1. Team reviews the standards that the curriculum requires. 2. They then discuss the specific needs and possiblemodifications for the student with special needs, and set goals or targets for that student. 3. The team explores the best ways to involve and encourage participation...
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...Back to shcool For many families, the crisp scent of the fall air is a signal that it is time to start preparing for going back to school. Shopping for new pencils, backpacks and notebooks is always an exciting time for both parents and children alike. Because children have an interest in the things that they are purchasing for school, this is also a great time to discuss how to budget a back to school allowance. When planning for how students will be spending their back to school funds, there are a few key areas that families will want to keep in mind. 1. Back to School Lunches School lunches can vary in both their price and their appeal according to different school systems. Parents will need to consider whether their child will be taking their lunch on some days or buying a lunch from the cafeteria during the week. Another aspect of school lunches for families to discuss is if a student will also be buying breakfast as this can substantially increase a back to school budget. If the student will be allowed to purchase extras such as dessert, then this will also need to be planned out beforehand. Families will also want to plan for any extra snacks or meals that a student might wish to have for when they get home after school. Depending upon the school, parents can decide upon the best way to handle this portion of a student’s back to school allowance for kids. Some schools arrange for an account to be set up so that parents can prepay while others simply accept cash. How this...
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...information provided stated the Gabriel is a kindergarten student who has cerebral palsy. He has to use a wheelchair, wear a diaper and uses a feeding tube. Gabriel is nonverbal, however is able to communicate some, and make choices when provided with two options. Gabriel needs to work on grasping things because he has limited strength in his hands. Cerebral Palsy (CP) “is an umbrella term that refers to a group of disorders affecting a person’s ability to move” (What is cerebral palsy). “1 in 500 babies are diagnosed with cerebral palsy” (About CP). Children with cerebral palsy typically will encounter specific learning difficulties. “These may include a short attention span, motor planning difficulties (organization and sequencing), perceptual difficulties and language difficulties” (What is cerebral palsy). There are three known forms of cerebral palsy : spastic, athetoid, and ataxic. A child who is diagnosed with cerebral palsy can be affected mildly or severely depending on the amount or part of brain. Generally children who are diagnosed with cerebral palsy can attend school. Although the child may experience some learning disabilities and may require some assistant, but frequently can do things children without cerebral palsy can do. According to the Learning Disabilities Association of America, 2.4 million students are diagnosed with specific learning disabilities (SLD) and receive services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (New to LD). A...
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...The emergency planning process can be difficult to accomplish and can have resistance from the local officials, the local policy process, and budgeting. Aside from the difficulties with the emergency planning process, the emergency plan can also encounter issues, especially, when taking into consideration the different groups that make up the community it is created for. The emergency plan must ensure preparedness for all groups within the population, however, one particular group is often overlooked during the planning process. This group is known as the special health-care needs (SHCN) community. In Nick et al. (2009), this group is defined as the at-risk individuals, vulnerable population, or special needs population whose circumstances...
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...therefore their only choice is to purchase what is available or to make no purchase at all. Both definitions are basically stating the same thing as customers are have limited options when purchasing or selecting meals, they are basically constrained with the places they eat, when they eat, where they eat and the prices they are being charged. Within a captive market there is no competition for business as there might be limited suppliers offering the products or if offered it may be so expensive that the customer cannot afford it. Also there could be limited or no alternatives for consumers. A captive market can manage to exist in the following situations shortages, customer are unable to obtained products in sufficient amounts that they require, high prices of competing restaurants making it impossible for customer to dine or even think about dining. It could also be that there is lack of competition meaning no one else offers that product in that area or that the product is scarce and only one supplier offers it and it may be at a ridicule price. Last but not least the unique features or benefits of the restaurant that customer would go the extra mile to do business with them despite the price the product is offered at. Therefore Captive market applies to any market where there is a monopoly...
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...Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Diversity and Inclusion FDT 4/5 Natalie C. Miller May 4, 2012 Western Governors University Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Before Congress enacted the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, an underserved number of children in the United States living with disabilities received a fair education. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (PL 94-142) enabled states to provide for and improve the availability of an education for individuals with disabilities. Renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (PL 101-476) or IDEA in 1990 (Allen and Cowdery, 2009) the amended Act authorizes a Free Appropriate Public Education for children with disabilities from birth to 21 years of age. Since 1990, amendments to IDEA now include changes to how the Individualized Education Programs are implemented; funding is appropriated; identification and determination of children with disabilities; due process procedures for parents of children with disabilities; and the effectiveness of educational services for children with disabilities. This paper will summarize the various changes to IDEA since the acts inception, and the guidelines and steps needed to create an IEP. Six Key Components of the Original 1975 IDEA The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1975 mandates states and public schools provide a “Free-Appropriate Public Education” to students...
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...Benefits of inclusive education * Learners with special needs who have been included in mainstream classes achieve significant gains in writing, language comprehension and receptive language. * Most of these results occur when the focus in the classroom moves away from labeling to meaningful instruction and teaching strategies. * Moreover, mainstream teachers who have accepted learners with special needs in their classes report their teaching had improved, which benefit all learners. * Learners with special needs who have been included in mainstream classes achieve significant gains in writing, language comprehension and receptive language. * Most of these results occur when the focus in the classroom moves away from labeling to meaningful instruction and teaching strategies. * Moreover, mainstream teachers who have accepted learners with special needs in their classes report their teaching had improved, which benefit all learners. * The opportunity to socialize and share with diverse learners, help all learners to accept one another. * Teachers report that including learners with special educational needs in the mainstream classroom teachers other learners, although not all, to be more accepting, tolerant, understanding and considerate of others needs. * Teachers also report that the majority of learners become more positive and responsive to the needs of a learner with special needs, and when they for example , comes across others with disabilities...
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...that it’s an ongoing process which is driven by a lot of changes in the student needs, but not limited to the participation, access, curriculum, or environmental changes. Assistive technology (AT) have become a vital component of the educational programs of students with disabilities. In which, is widely accepted that adopted toys, switches, computers, amplification systems, wheel chairs, memory aids, magnifiers, argumentative communication devices, and other adopted devices that will enhance or improve a student’s ability to learn, compete, work, and interact with his/her peers. Understanding the different applications of assistive technology is essential to effective educational planning for students. These guidelines are provided to offer important information into making case-by-case decisions as part of the student’s Individualized Education Plan (IEP). The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) reauthorized in June 1997 and later as IDEA, increases emphasis on assistive technology to ensure a student with a disability receives a free, appropriate, public education (FAPE). The federal terms of assistive technology devices and services are: 1. Assistive Technology Devices- any item, piece of equipment, or product, or system, whether acquired commercially off the self, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of children with disabilities. 2. Assistive Technology Services- any service that directly...
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...A. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997 (IDEA), is a federal special education law and was signed into law in June 1997. The IDEA pledges that each child with a disability as well as students who need special education services has the right to a free proper public education, with the least restrictive environment. Below are the six components that are included in the IDEA. They include; 1 Free Appropriate Public Education(FAPE): In this component, the IDEA pledges that all students with a disability must be provided at a no cost public education services that is appropriate to his or her special needs within the public school system. 2 Least Restrictive Environment is the second component. This component ensures the student will receive a free appropriate public education with the least restrictive environment. It also contends the IDEA’s beliefs, that educating students within the general education population as well as the general education curriculum is the first priority that the IEP team must consider. 3 Individualized Education Program (IEP) Is the third component. This component will make certain that child with disabilities will be given the suitable as well as the individualized education. The IDEA states that after evaluating the information that is gathered, the IEP group will prepare a written document stating the special educational services available to the student. The steps involved in the IEP procedure include the testing...
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...flowers. Fresh flowers helps relaxes them after a hard day of caring for their children. Fresh flowers is good for the children because it exposes them to allergens and helps kids develop better immune systems to prevent allergies later on in life. Flowers also give off oxygen which people need to live. In addition, mothers will appreciate the flowers that Calyx and Corolla has to offer because the flowers will make them feel special and bring them longer lasting joy. B. Implementation Advertise on home and garden television shows and magazines and children's television programs. Mom's watching home and garden shows, reading magazines, or parenting children while the children are watching TV will be intrigued by Calyx and Corolla and encourage orders from mothers. The advertisements will also help make the company's name known to more potential buyers. Positioning the product as a need to mothers will also generate consistent orders and provide steady income stream for Calyx and Corolla long-term. III. Target group who patronize florists or other retailers and/or unaccustomed to purchasing products via mail order. A. Description People who purchase from florists are usually last minute shoppers wanting to buy something special for their loved ones. Shipping flowers to them would not fill their needs in time. However, exceptions are people planning a wedding, prom, or other engagements that require advance notice. These are the most likely potential buyers that Calyx and...
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...Diversity and Inclusion Task 1 The six key components of the 1975 PL 94-142, Education for All Handicapped Children Act (now known as IDEA – Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) are: 1) A free appropriate public education (FAPE) This ensures that children with disabilities receive an education befitting their particular disability with no cost to the parent of guardian of the children. It also includes related services that benefit the children receiving special education due to their disabilities. 2) The least restrictive environment (LRE) This ensures that children with disabilities are given the highest level of education that they can perform in successfully. Children with disabilities will be placed amongst children without disabilities whenever possible. 3) An individualized education program (IEP) An IEP uses documentation to track the academic progress of students with disabilities. It is tailored specifically to meet the varying needs of each individual student. It consists of goals and instructional objectives that are updated annually, special services rendered for each child, and measurements starting with the child’s current level of academic functioning and continuing to monitor any progress made throughout their education. 4) Procedural due process This pertains to the rights of parents/ guardians. It includes confidentiality as well as the right to access any documentation pertaining to their child. It also gives...
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...ethically. The case manager also can use theoretical models to identify problem and cause of the client's behavior. Many times, case managers work with specific special populations and encounter issues that must be prepared to address. Roles and Responsibilities Case management primary purpose is to improve the quality of life the client by assessing their total situation (Summers, 2011). It is imperative that the case manager knows what their client wants not only for service but to have a productive and useful life. Case managers develop a comprehensive picture of each client and identify the specific intervention the client may need. Case management entails being respectful to the client, their family, and the diversity of the human experience. It also requires listening carefully and encouraging people to hope and work towards a productive and healthy life. Case managers utilize funding sources to support standard formal services, in some cases, medication, as well as community resources and support to assist the client. They have a responsibility to ensure that any funds in direct client services are being used efficiently and wisely. The case manager's responsibilities follow four basic categories of service that include assessment, planning, linking, and monitoring. The case manager addresses the problems and needs and focuses on the client's issues,...
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...All children have the right to an education, regardless of disability. However, children with disabilities have not always had that right provided to them. Research and knowledge-based evidence throughout the last century has greatly changed educators’ opinions and positions on special education. A key point that will be discussed in this essay is the enactment of the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), as well as current and future challenges of special education. The initial creation and development of our educational system disregarded the needs of children with disabilities. Because of very limited educational options, most disabled children were either educated in their homes or their parents paid for them to attend expensive private schools (The History of Special Education in the United States, 2009). Through parent-formed advocacy groups the educational needs of children with disabilities were brought to the public’s eye in the early part of the 20th Century (The History of Special Education in the United States, 2009). In 1961, President John F. Kennedy awarded federal aid to the States through the creation of the President’s Panel on Mental Retardation (The History of Special Education in the United States, 2009). Shortly thereafter, in 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (The History of Special Education in the United States, 2009). This act provided funding to schools that enrolled children with disabilities,...
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