...Stereotyping or “a stereotype” is either a negative or positive preconceived thought towards a certain gender, race, religion, or a particular age group, etc. Stereotyping can slip in without a second thought & people frequently never realize they’re stereotyping since they’re used to it. Individually, we all stereotype things whether we notice it or not. That is called unconscious bias. Where our brain makes automatic judgements. For example; from thinking certain animals are always extremely aggressive or the thinking that a person is up to no good because of their skin color or area they live in. Basically, people who are not the same skin color, are of a different religion, different gender, or age can be affected by stereotypes no matter...
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...Fear and Stereotyping At this particular moment in history we are witnessing the growing hostile attitudes toward Muslims and people of middle eastern descent, and toward those of Hispanic descent. I believe fear is the foundation or root of this hostility. Psychologist believe we use stereotyping to process information about our world on a macro level and this is necessary in order to organize and simplify knowledge. (Murphy Paul, 2015) But, when we allow fear to dictate our decision making process, this necessary tool can become a weapon. Fear is the root of all bias. Fear of the unknown. Fear of change. Fear of the “others”. Every time we make a comment or think in terms of “those people”, every time we use stereotypes as identifiers, we...
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...have some stereotypes attached to them. In our paper, we will discuss stereotyping, both thoughtful and non-thoughtful. We will also address stereotyping in an organization. Our society can be split up into many various groups by gender, race, or even by traits. The world consists of both men and women, blacks and whites, Democrats and Republicans, all who live their own distinct way of life. “Stereotypes are qualities perceived to be associated with particular groups or categories of people (Schneider, 2005).” We stereotype other people all the time because of gender, race, color, and we usually do not even realize it. Stereotypes are so widespread and used so often that they seem to be a natural behavior for human beings. The purpose of this paper is to give a clear explanation on stereotyping. We will evaluate the cognitive (thoughtful/non-thoughtful) approach that suggest putting people into categories is necessary in the thought process that surely sets the presidents of stereotyping. In the last 20 years our society has experienced in explosion of research and theories in stereotyping. Most information has been learned from using the difference between relatively non-thoughtful and relatively thoughtful thinking processes (Weegner, Clark, & Petty). The present research shows both thoughtful and non-thoughtful thinking leads to the same stereotypic judgments. The journal we examined concentrates on the process of stereotyping and the different amounts of thinking, it involves...
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...different types of people in the world before actually getting to know them. He writes about the types of stereotyping and how we do it without recognizing it, when we begin, and what we should do to try to prevent it. He gives clear examples of the many types of stereotyping. Every point that the author makes in this essay is valid. Especially the points about childhood stereotyping, how we try to make sense of the world, and what we should try to do to prevent ourselves from stereotyping so much. Heilbroner writes, “ We begin to type-cast people in our early childhood.” This statement is true. Not only do we begin to typecast at an early age, our peers greatly influence how we are to typecast another peer. Kids can be cruel and hurtful even when it comes to a simple kickball game. When is comes to choosing teams, stereotyping is sometimes used. Some of the children who are fit and in shape might exclude and over weight child because they are thought to be slow or not athletic. Even if a child receives good grades, he or she might be typecast as a teacher’s pet. This child may not be liked by his peers just because he does well in school and he can be called names such as dork or geek. Things like this can scar a child mentally and even cause a low feeling of self worth. It takes us a while to realize that these simple assumptions aren’t always correct. “Sometimes stereotyping can be used to help us make sense of this complicated world.” Heilbroner also mentions in his essay. Sometimes...
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...Albert Perez Prof. Ellen Simpson Novotny ASU English 102 Assignment #7 May 3, 2013 Step 7 Who are my readers? My readers are people on both sides of the fence of stereotyping… those who do it as well as those who have been stereotyped. What do we believe? Stereotyping is a very negative condition that can harm individuals across any age, race, gender, religious belief or demographic region. Because stereotyping has no boundaries, anyone can be subjected to the emotional and psychological harms that it can create, affecting one’s self-esteem. What common ground do we share? Because any group of people can be stereotyped, we are all subject to the negative effects that it can have. Every single person and group, even the powerful or pure can be stereotyped by another person or group. What do I want my readers to believe? It’s important that my readers understand the effects that stereotyping can have and to give information that may pay it forward by stopping stereotyping from happening now, which may help prevent it in the future. What do they need to know? I believe that many people do not understand the impact stereotyping can have on an individual. Negative stereotyping may stop someone from doing something because of the thoughts and stereotypes of others. It affects an individual’s self-esteem and can even create additional stereotypes in their mind of people who stereotyped them. It’s truly a vicious cycle. There are several types of stereotypes consisting...
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...hinder interaction between people and become very damaging to people (Fiske, 2010). “Just as aggression research reveals the basic social psychology of processes that can prove deadly, the research on bias reveals processes that are demonstrably unhealthy and sometimes deadly for both agents and targets of bias” (Fiske, 2010, p. 428). Characterizing a specific way of thinking or the way a person is being view is sometimes called bias. People’s behavior and attitude which may be influenced by judgment can be displayed as bias. Many people do not realize they are bias, because it is not common to know you the person is bias. Others may identify a person being bias but one may not realize they are bias. In this paper I will define the concept of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. Explain the differences between subtle and blatant bias, and identify some common bias and ways to prevent bias in today’s society. Concept of Social Bias Social Bias is “prejudice attitudes toward particular groups, races, sexes, or religions, including the conscious or unconscious expression of attitudes in writing and speaking” (Social Bias, n.d. p. 1). A person should not confuse prejudicial attitudes and discriminative attitudes because the two are different. Prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination can be confusing and mistaken by its definitions. Although prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination are somewhat similar; they are also very different....
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...the Appalachian Mountains. As defined officially by the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC), the Appalachian mountain range extends from northern Mississippi and Alabama up to southern New York. However, as the region grew and developed, the locations to which isolated hillbilly stereotypes could be applied shrank to what ARC classifies as the central sub-region. Of the 83 counties that ARC denotes as being in the central region, 55 of these are in Eastern Kentucky. Figure one is an ARC map of the give sub-regions where one can clearly see the state and county divisions. But what makes the common citizen of the U.S.A. think that people of this region fit the definition of hillbilly other than the fact that this area is “hilly”? This paper will not discuss whether or not the term hillbilly accurately describes to the people of Eastern Kentucky. Based on the assumption that the term is derogatory and harmful to the people of Eastern Kentucky and the central Appalachian region, what steps can be taken to combat this stereotype? Contributing Influences Before taking action against the stereotype of Eastern Kentucky, one must first know how people first become aware about the stereotype. Then one must determine what causes them to think they are justified in their view of Eastern Kentucky and central Appalachia. Only after this analysis can solutions to the problem be devised. Media The actually word “hillbilly” is not often heard…except in movies and tv shows. Since the term...
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...AU/ACSC/0607C/97-03 UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY ON ORGANIZATIONS A Research Paper Presented To The Research Department Air Command and Staff College In Partial Fulfillment of the Graduation Requirements of ACSC by Maj Molly K. Moon March 1997 Disclaimer The views expressed in this academic research paper are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the official policy or position of the US government or the Department of Defense. ii Contents Page DISCLAIMER ................................................................................................................ ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.......................................................................................... iv PREFACE....................................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT................................................................................................................... vi INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 FROM GRUDGING ACKNOWLEDGMENT TO MANAGING DIVERSITY .............. 3 IMPACT OF DIVERSITY ON INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS.................... 9 Diversity Climate Factors.......................................................................................... 12 Identity Structures................................................................................................ 12 Prejudice...
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...a negative attitude toward an entire category of individuals. Discrimination is behaviour that excludes all members of a group from certain rights, opportunities or privileges. A range of international events have recently focused attention on the issue of prejudice; increasing ethno-nationalistic tensions in former Eastern block countries, racial conflict in the Middle East, Africa and intergroup conflict related to “ race debates “ in Europe, The U.S.A and Australia. Psychology is the only discipline, which over the past century has consistently and systematically investigated the issue of prejudice and race. Social psychology has a long tradition of empirical and theoretical research in this field and currently there are many social psychologists in Australia engaged in significant and timely research. This is no accident given the regions long and chequered history regarding race relations with the treatment of the Australian Aborigines has been likened to genocide. Currently there are a number of theoretical and conceptual psychological approaches, which both define and explain prejudice. Personality theories primarily locate race and prejudice within the intro-psychic domain of the individual. From this perspective, authoritarian-rearing practices, intolerance and intro psychic defence mechanisms are isolated as casual agents to a significant problem. There are several theories as to why people are prejudiced. The exploitation theory keeps a racial group in a subordinate...
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...MGMT 501 Paper Assignment Topic The paper should focus on a specific behavioral sciences issue related to the topics covered in the course. The course and textbook present an array of topics from which to choose. For example, topics that fall within the domain of motivation, leadership, group dynamics, organizational culture, and job satisfaction, to name a few, are important, broad areas that have been the subject of much research and discussion in the study of behavior in organizations. When working with such broad topic areas, it is important to narrow the focus of the paper to a specific model or approach. Topics such as the labor market for IT workers, changing demographics in the workforce, or the prevalence of downsizing in the U.S., while interesting, do not necessarily qualify as course-related organizational behavior topics. However, organizational commitment of downsized employees, or motivational strategies for the management of generation Xers, etc., may well be appropriate topics for this course paper. Students may work with a partner (or even a small interest group), and this partnership entails sharing a general topic area and several research references. However, each student should determine his or her own perspective on the topic. For example, one student in a pair can take one position on a paper, while the other adopts an opposing stance (i.e., point-counterpoint). Or one student can research one component of a larger topic, while the other...
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...November 30, 2011 Abstract: This research paper covers the history of teachers in the classroom based on the factor of gender. The paper then discusses the effect that gender roles have on students, teachers and classrooms. Gender Roles in Teaching Try to think back to childhood, and ask the question how many male teachers did I have? The response to this is predominately low according to the National Education Association, who state that males only make up twenty-five percent of teachers today. It’s important for children to have teachers who are positive role models. Children benefit from having access to both male and female mentors throughout their early childhood education and school years. (Martin 2005). Currently, men make up only twenty-five percent of the elementary teaching workforce and the number of men teaching in early childhood services is even smaller. The NEA also states that at the secondary level, forty-five percent of teachers are male. It is apparent that these sectors of education need more male teachers to address this imbalance and give children the opportunity to learn from quality teachers of both genders. Children at all levels – early childhood, elementary and secondary, need positive role models so that they can become successful adults. Some of the factors that disinterest males from entering the teaching profession are: stereotyping, low pay, and low status. The general perception that men who...
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...Our society is facing a serious problem that is the age discrimination between women and men. In 1939 to 1979 white women made less than 60 % as much as white men. The 40% gape difference decreased these days, but there is still a wage gap between men and women. There are many claims behind the reason of wage discrimination. George F. Will (2000)” Lies, Damned lies and …..” claims that the main cause of wage gap is omen’s decision to establish a family, so that force them to make comprise for raising their children and that leads them to work in flexible jobs with flexible ours that permit them to enter the fast track.. Another article by Allen Goodman (1999) “A New Campaign for Pay Equity” argues that the main reason behind low wages for women is sex discrimination. She supports her point of view by saying that the gender gap between male and female accountants is 201$ a week and bartenders is 48$. Finally, Lester C. Thurow “1981” claims that the system of promotion is the main reason behind the wage discrimination. Thurow says if men discriminate against women they are lowering their own income so there is no sex discrimination. Thurow conclude that the decade between 25 and 35 is when the person succeed in his/her life is the same decade when women think of establishing a family and leave the labor force or become a part – time worker. The system of promotion and skill acquisition extaract an enormous life time price during the decade of 25 to 35. The lack of experience...
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...an integral role in the development and sustenance of any personal or business relationship. Ethics determine the acceptable behaviors within a society and the overall behaviors of a business. Marketers must understand the impact ethics have on marketing communications and develop Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) strategies accordingly. This paper will discuss various ethical challenges facing marketers today, identify internal and external factors on IMC, and formulate two ethical questions based upon the analysis. Ethics in Marketing The practice of ethics within an organization is an important but difficult concept to understand and practice. The reason ethics are difficult to manage is that the concept is so subjective (Duncan 2002, pp. 671). Ethical values differ between societies and individual relationships, therefore a company must decide on an ethical communication strategy and portray it as consistently as possible. Duncan (2002) describes three ethical considerations companies must understand when developing marketing communications and relationships with customers. Stereotyping Stereotyping plays a significant role in developing marketing strategies that are both effective and ethical. "The challenge for brands is to develop messages that strike a chord with targeted audiences without reinforcing negative stereotypes" (pp. 672). Companies must ensure that their marketing tactics are not alienating certain individuals or groups while reaching...
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...previously identified as being either gay or straight. All results, statements and answers will be kept confidential. Does Gaydar Exist? The issue of a person’s sexual identity has always been a controversial issue for some. When it comes to the Gay and Lesbian community there is a saying or “Theory” that someone who identifies themselves sexually as homosexual has a sixth sense that is referred to as “Gaydar”. This means that for some reason it is believed that other homosexuals can spot each other out based on appearance alone. This idea that gays may have some sort of sixth sense or ability to tell if someone else is gay or not without that person verbalizing it themselves are been criticized and viewed as just stereotyping; However, if you socialize with anyone from the Gay and Lesbian community than you have probably seen Gaydar in action. Many argue that one cannot simply know someone else sexual identity by just looking at them, but the Gay community disagrees. More often than not Gaydar is mistaken...
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...Running head: SUBTLE BIAS SHARED WITHIN AN AMERICAN SOCIAL CONSTRUCT Subtle Bias as a Social Construct In America May 28, 2012 Abstract An understanding of the subtle bias that affects our society is a form of humanistic deception. Although the norms in America appear to be uniform; we will see that biases are influenced by various social factors such as stereotype, prejudice, discrimination, and labeling including the Attribution Theory. This paper will compare and contrast scientific literature to gain more insight into the subtlety of this social construct. I am seeking not to understand the reason why we as social beings are bias, but to simply show that this distorted truth exist. Subtle Bias as a Social Construct In America My theory of unconscious bias along with the self-affirmation process that accompanies it clouds our worldview in our present society. We all do it no matter how accepting we appear to be or even claim to be. Irrational thoughts are usually based on a worldview that illustrates our interpretation of the world we live in (Wilson, 2001). This worldview is a set of assumptions and beliefs that we hold on to that guide our behavior. It helps us to make sense out of our lives. It determines what we think about human nature, causes of emotional issues, and where bias comes from (Entwistle, 2004). There is always some form of discriminatory behavior or covert prejudice prevailing within our essence. Unfortunately, there is a strong manipulative...
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