...• Describe how you might leverage the strategic capability of IT and the organizational structure to create and maintain high performance teams and a learning organization. With information technologies, there are many, which help law enforcement be successful in their duties one of them is CODIS (Combined DNA Index Program). Because CODIS is a database, system that stores DNA profiles. This database has helped police in all cases, where they have been physical DNA left at the crime scene. They then can use the CODIS system DNA profile to see, if it is a match to any of the DNA within the database. By using the CODIS system, it has helped them solve many cold cases from the past to present. They also can get results quicker, because technicians only need a “minute amount of biological material. Then decades before a similar profile sample would have to be the size of a dime” (police staff, 2003). Crime mapping it aids law enforcement looking, for patterns of criminal incidents that have happened in certain areas like rape, assaults, robberies, etc. This technology has helped technicians and law enforcement pinpoint their next target so that they can make the arrest. This software gives this information in minutes, and it can send other law enforcement this mapping pattern in those located areas. So that they can react promptly and be aware of the situations in minutes after the crime committed. Lastly, the computer aided dispatch system (CAD) helps the 911-dispatch send the...
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...J. of the Acad. Mark. Sci. (2012) 40:102–119 DOI 10.1007/s11747-011-0279-9 Marketing and business performance Neil A. Morgan Received: 28 July 2011 / Accepted: 1 August 2011 / Published online: 20 August 2011 # Academy of Marketing Science 2011 Abstract Academics and managers have struggled for many years to understand and delineate the role of marketing in explaining business performance differences between firms. Most of the theory base for any such attempts has to be informed by strategic management theory, since the primary question that strategic management seeks to answer is why some firms outperform others over time. This paper synthesizes three major streams of thought in strategic management with the empirical and theoretical literature on strategic marketing to develop an integrative theory-based conceptual framework linking marketing with firms’ business performance. Keywords Marketing strategy . Marketing resources . Marketing capabilities . Positional advantage . Competitors . Market performance . Financial performance Introduction The role of marketing in explaining firms’ business performance has received significant attention throughout the history of the marketing discipline. The need to link marketing with business performance has become more Acknowledgements Doug Vorhies contributed to much of the thinking represented in this paper—a version of which we set out to write together more than a decade ago but never got time to...
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... is today of strategic importance that attract great interest from scholars in the literature. The primary purpose of the paper is to contribute with a review of leading studies that analyze procurement from the resource-‐based view of the organization. The paper begins by setting out the business environment of procurement and then presents the development and propensity of procurement. This is followed by a review of principal works and differences of perspectives of resource-‐based view. The next section contains an analysis of the relationship between procurement and resource-‐based theory and discusses empirical works on outsourcing that address outsourcing from the resource-‐based view. The studies are classified into two categories: those studying the propensity to procure and those studying the relationship between procurement decision and firm’s performance....
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...Organisational Capability Analysis Dr. M. Thenmozhi Professor Department of Management Studies Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600 036 E-mail: mtm@iitm.ac.in ORGANIZATIONAL APPRAISAL Internal Environment - strength & weakness in different functional areas Organization capability - Capacity & ability to use distinctive competencies to excel in a particular field - Abilty to use its µS¶ & µW¶ to exploit µO¶ & face µT¶ in its external environment Organization resources - Physical & human cost, availability - strength / weakness ORGANIZATIONAL APPRAISAL Organization behaviour Identity & character of an organization leadership, Mgt. Philosophy, values, culture, Qly of work environment, Organization climate, organization politics etc. Resource Behaviour Distinctive competence - Any advantage a company has over its competitor - it can do something which they cannot or can do better - opportunity for an organization to capitalize - low cost, Superior Quality, R&D skills etc. METHODS & TECHNIQUES USED FOR ORGANIZATIONAL APPRAISAL Comprehensive, long term Financial Analysis - Ratio Analysis, EVA, ABC Key factor rating - Rating of different factors through different questions Value chain analysis VRIO framework METHODS & TECHNIQUES USED FOR ORGANIZATIONAL APPRAISAL « BCG, GE Matrix , PIMS, McKinsey 7S Balanced Scorecard Competitive Advantage Profile Strategic Advantage profile Internal Factor Analysis Summary SWOT ANALYSIS Identify & classify...
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...Manag Int Rev (2011) 51:179–192 DOI 10.1007/s11575-011-0071-6 R e s e a R c h a Rt i c l e Effective Global Strategy Implementation Structural and Process Choices Facilitating Global Integration and Coordination Attila Yaprak · Shichun Xu · Erin Cavusgil Abstract: 0 0 this article offers a contingency framework of global strategy implementation effectiveness on firm performance. The research question we seek to address is what the structural and process requirements are for MNEs to successfully implement global strategy through increased efficiency and effectiveness of integration and coordination across world markets. Our central premise is that MNEs’ capabilities in establishing supporting structural and process mechanisms will enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of implementing their global strategies which would, in turn, lead to better firm performance. Keywords: Integration and coordination · Global strategy · Firm performance · contingency framework Received: 25.12.2009 / Revised: 15.08.2010 / Accepted: 11.10.2010 / Published online: 02.04.2011 © Gabler-Verlag 2011 Prof. A. Yaprak () Department of Marketing, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA e-mail: Attila.yaprak@wayne.edu Asst. Prof. S. Xu Department of Marketing and Logistics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA Asst. Prof. E. Cavusgil Department of Marketing, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, USA 180 A. Yaprak et al. Introduction The globalization of the world economy...
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...KCA JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT: VOL. 2, ISSUE 1 (2009). STRATEGIC POSITIONING FOR SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: AN ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING APPROACH John I. Njuguna1 Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja, Kenya Abstract Organizational learning is increasingly being considered as one of the fundamental sources of competitive advantage within the context of strategic management. However, most literature has not clearly linked organizational learning with sustainable competitive advantage. This paper, therefore, explores and discusses the role of organizational learning in helping business firms to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Specifically, it deals with how organizational learning process can be used to develop knowledge resources and capabilities that lead to sustainable competitive advantage. The main method used is analysis and integration of theories to develop a conceptual model. This paper proposes that, through organizational learning a firm can develop hard to imitate knowledge resources and capabilities (human capital as well as organizational capital) that create value which in turn lead to superior performance. INTRODUCTION In the 21 century business landscape, firms must compete in a complex and challenging context that is being transformed by many factors from globalization, frequent and uncertain changes to the growing use of information technologies (DeNisi, Hitt and Jackson, 2003). Therefore, achieving a competitive...
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...Knowledge management and organizational performance: Theoretical Study 1. Introduction Knowledge is an asset that needs to be effectively managed. Interest in knowledge management (KM) has grown dramatically in the recent years, as more researchers and practitioners have become aware of the knowledge potential to drive innovation and improve performance. For an organization to remain competitive, it must effectively practice the activities of creating, acquiring, documenting, transferring, and applying knowledge in solving problems and exploiting opportunities. Many researchers argue what the organization comes to know explains its performance. The ultimate test of any business concept, such as KM, is whether it improves business performance. If organizations cannot use knowledge to improve performance, knowledge does not have measurable value. However, management research has often overlooked the role of knowledge and KM in the analysis of organizations and their performance. Most of KM research consists of either theoretical analyses of KM issues or case-based reviews of organizations’ KM practices. Consequently, KM research is short of offering an unambiguous understanding of the role of KM in improving organizational performance. On the other hand, effective KM entails an understanding of the interrelationships that may exist among KM processes such as knowledge acquisition, knowledge creation, knowledge documentation, knowledge transfer, and knowledge application. These...
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...Strategic role of HRD in managing core competiencies Human resources scholars since 1980’s have attempted to define the nature and meaning of the strategic HR function. These attempts have addressed human resource management in general, as well as the HRD function in particular. More systematic attempts to define SHRD followed somewhat later. Rothwell and Kazanas (1989) applied the generic process of strategic business planning to the management of the HRD function. Obtaining strategic value in an organization can give that organization a competitive advantage. Strategic human resource development (SHRD) is a practice that provides learning experiences. These experiences come from knowledge, skills and abilities. SHRD “synchronize management development with an organization’s strategic plans in order to improve the supply of leaders” (Clardy, 2008). Garavan (1991) defined SHRD using nine functional and structural characteristics such as “integrating HRD with an organization’s mission; top management support; environmental scanning; business plans; live manager involvement in HRD activities; complementary HRM practices; a proactive trainer role; matching culture to strategy; and emphasis on evaluation” (Clardy, 2008). The practice gives managers a vital look at strategic plan in a learning environment. Considering the study by Mc Cracken and Wallace (2000): using the nine criteria, they collected survey data from senior HRD officials in 86 Scottish firms, finding...
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...A PAPER ON INSTITUTIONALIZING CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENTS THROUGH USE OF ESTABLISHED PERFORMANCE EXCELLENCE FRAMEWORKS By: Author 1: Prof. Cdr. Bhushan Dewan Director, VNS Business School, Bhopal MOBILE- 08120395060 Email- bhushan.dewan1@gmail.com ABOUT AUTHOR 1: 21 years of corporate experience as Vice President, Tata Consultancy Services, President-Tanla Solutions Ltd., Sr. VP- Adani Group, Commander-Indian Navy. 17 years of academic experience as Director Naval IT Management Institute, author of 2 books on Management of Technology. Speaker at various national & international seminars; Served as Jury Member of CII Award for Human Excellence, Jury Member, QIMPRO Platinum Award for Quality. And Author 2: Prof. Arun Mishra Assistant Professor, VNS Business School, Neelbud, Bhopal Mobile: 9893686820 Email: arunjimishra@gmail.com ABOUT AUTHOR 2: Author is an MBA from FMS, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar (M.P.). He is having total 9 years of work experience. Since 2 years he is in academics. Earlier to this he has served in various corporate in various capacities for 7 Years which include ICFAI, HDFC Bank, Wander Ltd. Wockhardt Ltd. etc. ABSTRACT Old-fashioned command-and-control companies were merely trying to manage the "white space" in their organizational charts. Today's companies must manage the white space in entire value chains. Value chain is a high-level model of how businesses receive raw materials as input, add value to the raw...
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...final part presents conclusions and recommendations. 2. Objective The purpose of this term paper is to evaluate the human resources learning and development strategy at Dashen Bank SC against the contemporary theories and recommendations and best practices prescribed by scholars and practitioners. The evaluation mainly applied the strategic human resource management tool kits as recommended by the course instructor. 3. Limitations Since the paper deals with the strategic issues of the Bank which is a confidential document to the Organization we were constrained freely examine and discuss the paper as we wish. 4. Literature Review STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SHRD) involves introducing, eliminating, modifying, directing, and guiding processes in such a way that all individuals and teams are equipped with the skills, knowledge and competences they require to undertake current and future tasks required by an organization as defined by Walton (1999). Strategic HRD is also described by Harrison (2000) as ‘development that arises from a clear vision about people’s abilities and potential and operates within the overall strategic framework of the business’. It takes a...
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...Human Resource Planning ^ Brian J. Smith, John W. Boroski, and George E. Davis - INTRODUCTION Human Resource (HR) planning is the formal process of linking business strategy with human resource practices. Approaches to human resource planning can be arrayed along a continuum ranging from an "add-on" to business strategy to a separate planning process (Figure 1). At one end of the continuum, HR planning is little more than a postscript to a business planning process. After engaging in an extensive business planning process in which business product, market, and technological directions are defined, questions about HR practices are raised. These questions deal with the structure, competencies, accountabilities, organization, and leadership required to make the strategy work. At this end of the continuum, HR issues are an afterthought to business strategy. They receive relatively little attention and become an appendage to business planning. In the extreme, line managers consider the HR questions as an afterthought to "real" planning efforts. At the other end of the continuum, HR planning is a distinct and separate planning process. The HR department not only initiates the effort for HR planning, but executes and administers the plan. In this case the HR plan is more a process for shaping priorities for the HR function than for the business. In extreme cases, HR plans are created with little or no awareness or input by line managers. While the outcome may be an elegant document...
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...[pic] Ecole Superieures Libre des Sciences Commerciales Appliquees Doctorate of Business Administration Human Capital Management Paper on Dynamic Capabilities of Firms Presented to: Dr. Sherif Delawar By Mohamed Antably March 2012 Cairo, Egypt. Abstract: From one hand the dynamic capabilities of firms are the sources and methods of wealth creation and capture by private enterprise firms operating in environments of rapid technological change. Other hand, Human capital ultimate objectives are linking HR practices and knowledge with goals of the firm to achieve and develop Competitive advantages. Accordingly, linking both statements would generate that HC is not only working to achieve the organizations objectives and but also to formalize, maintain and develop the firm dynamic capabilities. HC should also work on sharing and collecting success stories, lessons learnt and implicit individuals' knowledge into institutional explicit knowledge. The competitive advantage of firms is seen as resting on distinctive processes (ways of coordinating and combining which is more difficult among horizontal levels but easy in the vertical levels applying the chain of command), shaped by the firm's asset positions (such as the firm's portfolio of difficult-to-trade knowledge assets and complementary assets), and the evolution path(s) it has adopted or inherited. The importance of path dependencies is ampled...
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...© Centre for Promoting Ideas, USA www.ijbssnet.com A study of Organizational Citizenship Behaviours, Organizational Structures and Open Innovation M. Muzamil NAQSHBANDI* Dr. Sharan KAUR Deptt of Business Strategy and Policy Faculty of Business and Accountancy University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia- 50603 E-mail: virkul@gmail.com* Abstract With increasing technological advances, the need to create not only innovations but faster innovation has become a part of sustaining or gaining competitive advantage. Open innovation paradigm answers this need by utilizing larger resources and expertise that firms involved in the open innovation process offer. Given the recency of the concept of open innovation, the factors that influence the creation of open innovation are hazy. Most of the research on open innovation looks at the “hard” aspects of organizations, while the soft issues stand less researched. This conceptual paper draws attention to two such aspects of organization: organizational citizenship behaviour and organizational structure. This paper proposes that practicing organizational citizenship behaviours by the employees enhances the chances of creation of open innovation while not doing so can botch up the whole exercise particularly during the infancy stage. It is also proposed that informal organizational structures favour creation of innovation in the open innovation paradigm more than the rigid formal structures. It is further argued that...
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...THE IMAPCT OF PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE ON STRATEGIC ORIENTATION OF A ENTREPRISE Mohammad N. Shahidi, KIMEP, Almaty, Kazakhstan ABSTRCT The impact of product life cycle (PLC) on strategic orientation (SO) in dynamic environment, which is a subject that has interested strategic management scholars, is the focus of this proposal. The literature reviewed shows that despite the worldwide research on strategic management, there is still not a single definition for such a term. As a result, a wide range of conceptual frameworks exists for the formulation and implementation of strategies. There is no consensus on the factors among the scholars that affect strategic orientation of a enterprise. The consideration is mostly towards market/costumer satisfaction, technology, competition, with the enterprise’s capabilities affecting the most. Some of the scholars emphasize management issues and strategic thinking. Others such as Porter, focus on typology and resource bases. However, few scholars focus on the impact of product life cycle on strategic orientation. The attempt in this paper is to show that not only does the PLC orient strategy of an enterprise faster and straight forward than any other factors, but it also takes all other factors into account. The main question is “how product life cycle affects the strategic orientation of a enterprise”. This study began by defining strategic orientation, product life cycle, and their analysis. The study is focused on how the product...
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...1177/0149206310373400 © The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permission: http://www. sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Invited Editorial Bridging Micro and Macro Domains: Workforce Differentiation and Strategic Human Resource Management Mark A. Huselid Rutgers University Brian E. Becker State University of New York at Buffalo In this article, the authors focus on the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating the macro and macro domains of the strategic human resource (HR) management literature. Their specific focus is on the development of a differentiated HR architecture in support of strategy execution as a key organizing theme. A focus on strategic capabilities and strategic jobs as the focal point of workforce management system design represents a significant potential source of value creation for most firms. But, also, differentiation by strategic capability instead of hierarchical organizational level represents potential implementation challenges for managers, and theoretical and empirical challenges for academics. Keywords: high-performance work systems; workforce differentiation; strategic human resource management; strategic capabilities A significant divide between the micro and macro levels of theory and analysis is evident in many areas of the organizational sciences. While increasing levels of specialization are often associated with disciplinary growth and maturity, the consequences of this trend can be unfortunate, as answers to important questions...
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