...In a 2010 study titled “Using the Strengths Perspective in the Social Work Interview With Young Adults Who Have Experienced Childhood Sexual Abuse”(96), the authors have demonstrated the assessment of strengths of a client who had gone through child sexual abuse (CSA), from Saleebey’s perspective through interview. The authors note that social work interviews can be informational, diagnostic as well as therapeutic depending upon the aim and approach to the interview. In this particular study, the aim of the interview was to collect information, but while simultaneously discovering client’s strengths. The client was a 24 year old woman who in her very first interview reported having severe moments of anxiety and fear all through the day that were leading to her incapacity to get out of her dorm....
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...Exam Essentials The Behaviourist Approach. Q1 a) State two assumptions of the behaviourist approach The behaviourists believe that all behaviour comes from learning as a result of interactions in the environment. One assumption of the behaviourist approach is that behaviour is affected by operant conditioning or learning by consequence. This means that if a person engages in a particular behaviour and is then rewarded (positively reinforced) in some way (the consequence is a good one or a pleasant one) then it is likely it will be repeated. Continuing to positively reinforce it will make it more permanent and it becomes learned. Punishment or negative reinforcement is likely to make behaviour less likely to be repeated and so it will not be continued. There are many examples of this in real life. For example giving house points or stars or sweets to a pupil who completes their m homework means they will be more likely to complete their homework because they are being rewarded for doing it. Another assumption of the behaviourist approach is that behaviour is learned through social modelling or imitation. This means that people learn how to behave in particular ways by observing and copying the behaviour of others. They particularly copy the behaviour of people who they admire (eg pop stars or footballers) or people who are close to them (brothers, sisters and parents). An example of this is small children copying their parents when learning to use a knife and fork...
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...Wellbeing and its Pathways 6 1. Physical and Emotional Safety 6 2. Pro-social values 7 3. A supportive and caring school community 7 4. Social and Emotional Learning 7 5. A Strengths-based Approach 8 6. A sense of Meaning and Purpose 8 7. A Healthy Lifestyle 9 Section 4: International Focus on Student Wellbeing 9 Section 5: Student Wellbeing in the Australian Educational Context 9 5.1: Australian Government National Frameworks in Education 9 5.2 Report on the of the Responses of State and territory and non-government education authorities to the Concept of a National Student Wellbeing Framework 11 5.3 Student Wellbeing in State and Territory Curriculum and Policy Documents 11 Section 6: Whole School Approaches to Student Wellbeing: Issues of School Leadership, Implementation and Sustainability of Student Wellbeing Initiatives 12 Section 1: Project Overview 13 1.1 Introduction 13 1.2 Project Objectives 13 1.3 Methodology 14 Section 2: Student Wellbeing and its Pathways 16 2.1 What is Student Wellbeing? 16 The Definition of Student Wellbeing Used in this Report 21 Explanations of Key Terms in this Definition 21 The Assumptions Underpinning this Definition 22 2.2 The Pathways to Student Wellbeing 22 The seven pathways identified from the research 23 Section 3: The Outcomes of Student Wellbeing and its Pathways 31 3.1 Introduction 31 Productivity 31 Social Inclusion 32 Social...
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...Summary of Practice Intervention (300 words) Introduction After directly working with the family for a period of six weeks, the relationship between the mother (Mrs J) and the other three children (HD, HD, HD) it would appear that a systems based approach maybe most appropriate. The family unit (to include the father – Mr D) can be seen as a system, and to gain an insight into the working pieces of the system, I must try and understand the dynamics and how the individuals interacts with it. Systems theory is based principally on the basis that no individual is isolated. The family interactions, (to include professional interventions) represent a system (or web) around the individuals. In the family environment, the decision taken by one of the family member (i.e. the Mrs J or Mr D) can directly affect the options available for the other members. It is also important to acknowledge that the family are also reliant upon other exosystems (such as Children Services, health and education) to influence and support the children within it (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). The internal and external system can be complex and overlapping, “systems theory concentrates on the relationship between the parts rather than parts in isolation” (Social Care Institute for Excellence, 2004, p.18). Why use systems theory? Within this particular case it would be easy to focus upon the individuals within it and neglect the external influences assisting them. However such a stance would only have...
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...Organizational Behavior Strengths-Based Development 22nd July 2014 Abstract This paper deals with different kinds of organizational behavior, from deficit-based behavior to strengths based behavior. It also touches upon employees’ strengths & weaknesses, effect on employee engagement & managerial interaction with employees. It has a look at evidence, which supports a particular kind of organizational behavior. Keywords: deficit-based behavior, strengths-based behavior, employee engagement, managerial interaction. Strengths-Based Development Every organization is faced with the dilemma whether to look at weaknesses and faults of employees & take corrective measures or whether to capitalize on strengths which each individual has. The answer is never simple. A lot depends on the characteristics of each individual. A major weakness needs correction before a person can build up on his strengths. There are many who feel that the deficit development approach is a good idea. Only concentrating on strengths may be shortsighted and a kind of self-indulgence. Understanding one’s weakness and making efforts to rise above it shows hard work and lack of ego. Often a person’s strengths may not coincide with organizational requirements hence the employee needs to learn additional skills. Great leaders show the way by dealing with weaknesses and overcoming them. By putting stress on existing skills...
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...continuity v discontinuity, some individuals have created continuity theories and others have created discontinuity theories. Continuity theorists believe that the development of an individual is constantly continuous while discontinuous theorists believe that there are specific periods where individuals develop. For example Freud’s psychosexual stages are a discontinuous theory. There is also an issue of nomothetic vs idiographic; some theorists adopt a nomothetic approach while others adopt an idiographic approach. Individuals that adopt a nomothetic approach create theories based on what we share with others, and find general laws that can be applied to large groups of people, for example behaviourism is a nomothetic approach. On the other hand the idiographic approach goes into large detail for the individual to investigate why we are unique, for example Freud’s theory is an idiographic approach. There are six principle psychological perspectives which are applied to the understanding which includes; behaviourism, social learning, psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive and developmental. These perspectives can be used to explain the development of individuals. Cognitive development starts when developing from when we are born. It refers to how intelligence, conscious thought and problem solving develop from infancy. As well as improving the ability to think, learn and reason. Jean Piaget...
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...Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Social Work Values: A Critical Analysis A. Antonio González-Prendes, Ph.D. Wayne State University aa3232@wayne.edu Kimberly Brisebois Wayne State University Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, Volume 9, Number 2 (2012) Copyright 2012, White Hat Communications This text may be freely shared among individuals, but it may not be republished in any medium without express written consent from the authors and advance notification of White Hat Communications Abstract Increasing numbers of clinical social workers use cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in their practice. This article analyzes how CBT fits with social work values and in particular with social justice. We propose that CBT is a good fit with the values of the profession and make suggestions for areas of improvement. Keywords: cognitive-behavioral therapy, social work values, social justice, social work practice 1. Introduction In a day when evidence-based practice has become so important to the social work profession, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has become one of the most frequently used forms of psychotherapeutic intervention. Extensive research supports the effectiveness of CBT approaches for a wide range of psychosocial issues (Dobson & Dobson, 2009; Granvold, 2011). It is one of the most widely researched and published models of therapy, with more than 325 published outcome studies that validate its efficacy (Butler, Chapman, ...
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...Chapter 5 Social responsibility and Managerial Ethics WHAT IS SOCIAL RESPONISBILITY? Two views of social responsibility The classical View * The classical View says that management’s only social responsibility is to maximize profits. * Management’s only social responsibility is to maximize profits (create a financial return) by operating the business in the best interests of the stockholders (owners of the corporation). * Expanding the firm’s resources on doing “social good” unjustifiably increases costs that lower profits to the owners and raises prices to consumers. The Socioeconomic View * The Socioeconomic View is the view that management’s only social responsibility goes beyond making profits to include protecting and improving society’s welfare. * Management’s social responsibility goes beyond making profits to include protecting and improving society’s welfare * Corporations are not independent entities responsible only to stockholders. * Firms have a moral responsibility to larger society to become involved in social, legal, and political issues. * “To do the right thing” Comparing the Two Views * A stage 1 manager is following the classical view of social responsibility and obeys all laws and regulations while caring for stockholders’ interests. * At stage 2 managers expand their responsibility to another important stakeholder group – employees. Because they want to attract, keep, and motivate good employees, stage 2 managers...
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...Presenting Problem I will begin with a problem related to sexual abuse and the ensuing family problems and legal issues following it. I am currently working in my field placement at Lifespan Family Services, (LFS), with a 16-year-old boy who was discharged from a residential treatment facility to a foster home from this agency. The boy we will call Brian, was referred by the Jefferson County Probation Department with the goal of transitioning him back to the home of his maternal grandparents who currently take care of one of his older brothers. Brian and his two older brothers share the same biological father who perpetrated sexually on all three boys. During the first several years of Brian's life he lived in the home where the incidents took place. After it was discovered that the father was abusing the boys, Children and Youth Services, (CYS), of Jefferson County removed all three boys from the home pending charges against the biological father. The father of the three boys was eventually convicted of a multitude of charges related to his perpetrating on the boys and was given a lengthy prison sentence. Brian's mother was involved with a multitude of paramours’ in short term relationships one of which resulted in the birth of a girl. Brian's mother eventually remarried and maintained custody of the three boys and their younger sister. The stepfather had very little interest in fathering the three boys and would have almost no positive interaction with them. The union between...
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... FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE Name: Chupical Shollah Manuel Reg Number: R 086305 HU Lecturer: Musvosvi, E (Ms) Course: Gender and Development (HSO 306) Question: Briefly discuss the following theories and show the strengths and weaknesses of each approach to Gender Development; WID, WAD and GAD. Gender relates to the social constructions and relations between men and women and it does not simply look at maleness or femaleness. Development is a multidimensional concept but in general it entails social upward mobility and empowerment but not limited to this. In studying gender relations and development it is of great importance to look at the approaches adopted by feminists in redressing and addressing social disparities. There are many approaches but shall give considerable to WID, WAD and GAD and give their contributions to development as well as their strengths and weaknesses. One of the most famous approaches to development was the feminist Women in development (WID). This was adopted in the 1970s in response to women movement in the west. The women in the west advocated for inclusion of women who have been excluded from development policies and programs. Baserup (1979) point out that the primary goal of WID was to include women into existing initiatives cited in Schech and Haggis (2000). Women were marginalized and excluded from the benefits of development. In so doing, the WID approach pointed out that the major...
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...put to test, understood and categorized. Sadly, anything falling outside the “norm” became “abnormal.” Once a person was identified as “abnormal,” they were the lucky recipients of a label they carried with them for life, or until they “recovered.” Mental health labels carry with them a certain stigma that communicates to the person they are different, perhaps less of a person and that “normal” may never be a reality with their “illness.” Recovery would be based on becoming symptom-free, or at the very least, a significant reduction in symptoms (Gehart, 2012). The mental health field has experienced tremendous growth in terms of understanding the plethora of conditions people experience, as well as in treatment of those conditions. However, one thing remained unchanged until recently. The idea behind recovery shifted from coercive treatment to person-centered change (Onken, et al, 2007). Gehart states is this way, “instead of using the medical paradigm of disease, the recovery paradigm approached mental “illness” using a social model of disability that emphasizes psychosocial functioning over medical symptomatology” (2012). The focus of recovery shifted from the illness to the person. The recovery model gave way to the idea that change can happen and that the person should be at the center of the decision-making process to “reach their highest possible level of functioning, while developing new meanings for their lives”...
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...THE COMPARISON OF CLASSICAL APPROACH AND HUMAN RELATION APPROACH IN ORGANISATION STUDIES 1. What is Organisation and Organisational Behaviour? Organisation is a cooperative interaction dynamic in social system with the purpose of satisfying individual needs (Barnard, 1938). This is not a sole definition about organisation, there are many other terms about organisation such as, Mintzberg (1983) Organisation is "Every organized human activity -- from the making of pots to the placing of a man on the moon -- gives rise to two fundamental and opposing requirements: The division of labor into various tasks to be performed, and the coordination of these tasks to accomplish the activity". Organisational behaviour focuses on the study of the people behaviour within the organisation (Luthans, 1995). The Organisational Behaviour commonly known as the study and understanding of individual and group behaviour, and the path of structure towards improvement of organizational performance and effectiveness (Robbins, 1998). Another term of Organisational behaviour is a major discipline towards description, understanding, and prediction of human behaviour within formal organisation. Organisational behaviour as discipline is the clear recognition that organisations make internal settings that influence the behaviour of people within it and to some point the internal condition of an organisation is influenced by the large components such as economic, politic, social, and technology which support...
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...final mark will be withheld. 1. Essay Question: After more than a century of criminological theory, why does crime still exist? Illustrate your answer by drawing on at least two theories studied thus far in the semester and consider how they define crime and what policy ( rulem strategy, procedure) responses (replies) they advocate (support). What are the strengths and weaknesses of these theories and why related policy responses failed to rid society ( culture of crime? Use Australian or international examples to support your arguments. a. Thesis Statement: * Crime attributes an individual to a particularly undesirable group. It is based upon an event; some sort of wrong - doing or deviance from the norm which results in social, physical, mental, property or financial harm. * Theories come into play and provide a perspective and embody certain assumptions. * * There is no longer a singular definition of crime, there are multiple views and opinions yet non stand as a concrete definition. * Classical Theory * Positivism Of particular interest is the classical approach to crime and the idea of positivism nad individualist behaviour. b. tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion. c. is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper. d. directly answers the...
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...SAJ DEVSHI (C) AQA Psychology (A) Psya2 A* Students Model Essays The A* Students Handbook For More Psychology Resources visit: www.Loopa.co.uk C HAPTER 1 A little about me Firstly thank you for purchasing this book for AQA Psychology Psya2 (Paper 2). A bit about me: My name is Sajan Devshi and I was a private student that self-taught myself AQA Psychology from 2011-2012 and I received my certificate in January 2013 Achieving an A* Grade. The certificate you can view on my website http://www.loopa.co.uk - You can also get my other A* model essay answers from there too for the other topics I did. I achieved an A* grade overall scoring two A’s in Psya1 and Psya2 as well as 100% in both my A2 exams (Psya3 and Psya4) My final score was 373/400 ums points. (You only needed 90% in A2 and 320 for an A* grade). So basically I didn’t just beat the boundary - I absolutely smashed it. How did I do it? It wasn’t easy and I am by no means some savant genius. I made great notes and essays that simplified things for me as I had no teachers and it is these notes I share with you now for Psya2 and the essay questions that can be asked for it. If your curious to know more about me you can visit my website at http://www.loopa.co.uk There it tells you more about me, how I self-taught myself as well as contact me directly for help and advice as well as get my other essay answers there instantly. Theres also great resources there too with more added on a weekly basis...
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...theories have been created to explain how a person learns and develops. Three learning personality theories discussed here are the behavioral analysis theory, the social cognitive theory, and the cognitive social learning theory. The strengths and limitations of the three theories will be analyzed that will provide small, but noticeable edges on the other. A description of how each theory affects personality will be discussed. In closing, an explanation of how each learning theory proposes interpersonal relationships are influenced will be examined. Strengths and Limitations Behavioral Analysis Theory An advantage of the behavioral analysis theory is that it is based on observable evidence. This theory contains important concepts such as reinforcement, used as effective therapies to treat undesirable behaviors. Although proven to be an effective therapeutic theory it has many weaknesses. It does not account for learning that does not involve negative or positive reinforcement, nor does it explain adaptive behavior. Proponents of this theory also argue that this approach is too deterministic and cannot be accurate, as it does not account for free will or emotion (Feist & Feist, 2009). Social Cognitive Theory Much like behavioral analysis theory, the main advantage of the social cognitive theory is that it is based on solid quantitative evidence that is observable and recordable. The other advantage of this theory is the idea of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is best described...
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