...heart failure, stroke, congenital cardiovascular defects, hardening or narrowing (atherosclerosis) of the blood vessels, including the coronary arties, and other diseases of the circulatory system. The majority of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is caused by risk factors that can be controlled, treated or modified, such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, overweight/obesity, tobacco use, lack of physical activity and diabetes. However, there are also some major CVD risk factors that cannot be controlled. In terms of attributable deaths, the leading CVD risk factor is raised blood pressure (to which 13 percent of global deaths is attributed), followed by tobacco use (9 percent), raised blood glucose (6 percent), physical inactivity (6 percent) and overweight and obesity (5 percent). MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS: 1) Hypertension (high blood pressure) Blood pressure is measured as two numbers, written one over the other and recorded in millimeters of mercury – for example, 120/78 mm Hg. High blood pressure is defined as a repeatedly elevated systolic pressure of 140 or higher OR a diastolic pressure of 90 or higher. * Globally, nearly one billion people have high blood pressure (hypertension); of these, two thirds are in developing countries. * Hypertension is one of the most important causes of premature death worldwide and the problem is growing; in 2025, an estimated 1.56 billion adults will be living with hypertension. * Hypertension is the leading cause of CVD worldwide...
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...Heart Disease and Stroke in Brookhaven Joanne Lauten Chamberlain College of Nursing NR443 Community Health Nursing Heart Disease and Stroke in Brookhaven Public health is a dynamic field of medicine that is concerned primarily with improving the health of populations rather than just the health of individuals. Nies defines public health nursing as; “preserving the health of the community and surrounding population by focusing on health promotion and maintenance” (Nies & Mcewen, 2007). Community Health Nurses are aware that stroke is one of the world’s leading preventable causes of death. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) every forty seconds someone in the United States has a stroke, making it the fourth leading cause of death in the United States (Centers for Disease Control , 2012). Community Brookhaven is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, and the largest town in New York State. Its south coastline is Great South Bay, and the Atlantic Ocean on the north. A large part of Fire Island and the Great South Bay are in the town. It has a large hill, known as "Bald Hill", in the hamlet of Farmingville, which marks where the glacier which formed Long Island stopped. At the top of Bald Hill is a Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Brookhaven National Laboratory is also located within the town. Demographic Data Epidemiologic Data According to the U. S. Census Bureau, Brookhaven’s total population is 490,016. The median age is 35 years, compared...
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...also known as stroke can broadly be described as an interruption of the blood supply to the brain. Without blood the brain cells are staved of oxygen, and can begin to die within minutes if the blood supply is completely cut off. It is this cellular death which has the greatest influence on the sequelae or after math of the stroke. Hemiplegia is the most common sequelae of stroke, this medical condition characterised by paralyses of one side of the body. It is similar to, but should not be confused with hemiparesis which is when one side of the body is weak but still mobile. While the leading cause of hemiplegia is a Cerebrovascular Accident, it is not the only cause, other neural conditions such as a unilateral pyramidal (UMN) lesion may also cause hemiplegia. It is difficult to discuss Hemiplegia without also discussing Stroke, similar to cause and effect, if stroke is the cause then hemiplegia is effect. A sudden stroke can be deadly, and how well someone recovers or if they recover depends largely on how fast they receive treatment. In Australia the most popular method for identifying stroke is the FAST test: * Face – Check their face. Has their mouth dropped? * Arms – Can they lift both arms? * Speech – Is their speech slurred? Do they understand you? * Time – Time is critical. If you see any of these signs Call 000 now! Thanks to implementation of tests such as this and advancements in emergency medical treatment of stroke, the numbers of stroke survivors is...
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...Community Interest Company: a Social Enterprise Organisation Project Report Health Needs Assessment: Stroke in South West and South East London Author: Version: Date: Client: Ref No: Dr John Hayward, Sarah Martin, Dr Michael Soljak Final Version 16.03.09 South West and South East London Cardiac and Stroke Network Boards P132 A Social Enterprise organisation and Community Interest Company Registered office: PO Box 1295, 20 Station Road, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, SL9 8EL English Company Number: 06480440 VAT Registration: 926 9466 78 www.phast.org.uk E&OE Final Project Report P132 Health Needs Assessment: Stroke in South West and South East London Public Health Action Support Team (PHAST) The Public Health Action Support Team (PHAST) is a Community Interest Company. This is a type of social enterprise that is committed to using its surpluses and assets for the public good. Social enterprises are social mission driven organisations which trade in goods or services for a social purpose.1 PHAST is based at Imperial College, London. It has over 60 experienced and expert public health professionals whose aim is to improve the health of the population and reduce inequalities. Many have worked at high level in the NHS, the Department of Health or in academia. Quality assurance and due diligence processes are in place to ensure all associates work to the highest standard. PHAST also has associates with economic, ethical and legal expertise. For further details see www.phast...
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...There are three types of strokes that cause changes to the brain: Hemorrhagic stroke,Intracerebral hemorrhage and Transient ischemic attack (TIA). Ischemic stroke is the most common form of stroke, accounting for around 87% of strokes. Strokes are the 5th leading cause of death in the US, with one person dying every 4 minutes as a result. For African Americans, stoke is the 3rd leading cause of death.(http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm) It is estimated that About 795,000 people have a stroke each year; about one every 40 seconds - there are many medical conditions that can cause a stroke and it is estimated that 8 out of 10 strokes can be prevented. However, there are some things that cannot be controlled when you are predisposed to stroke; such as your age and race.(http://www.webmd.com/stroke/stroke-causes-risks) A stroke is caused by an interruption of the blood supply to part of the brain, a stroke can happen to anyone - although there are different reasons that put some people at higher risks such as age, family history, high blood pressure, smoking, being overweight, diabetes and high cholesteral.(http://www.stroke.org/understand-stroke/what-stroke) The three types of strokes have specific causes. Ischemic stroke is the most common form of stroke, accounting for around 87% of strokes. This type of stroke is caused by blockages or narrowing of the arteries that provide blood to the brain, resulting in severely reduced blood flow. Hemorrhagic stroke are caused by arteries...
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...or illegal drugs? Those behaviors are certainly risky. However, many people have less dramatic behaviors that are just as dangerous in the long run. Tobacco use, unbalanced nutrition (too many calories and/or too much of one food group and not enough of the others) and a lack of physical activity are some of the key risk factors for the most common causes of death. Top 10 Causes of Death (in order) 1.Heart Disease 2.Cancer 3.Stroke 4.Chronic lower respiratory disease 5.Accidents (many are alcohol-related) 6.Diabetes 7.Flu and pneumonia 8.Alzheimer's disease 9.Kidney disease 10.Infection What are the most common causes of death? Heart disease, cancer and stroke are the most common causes of death in the United States. Nearly 1.5 million people in the United States die each year from one of these diseases, or from complications of these diseases. That’s more than the number of American soldiers who died in the Civil War, the Korean War and the Vietnam War combined, and it happens every year. Don’t these diseases run in families? How much control do I really have? It’s true that heart disease, stroke and some kinds of cancer tend to occur more often in people who have a family history of the disease. However, your genes are only part of your risk for these diseases. In many cases, your behavior is at least as important to your health as your family history. If you choose unhealthy behaviors, you are at greater risk of having a serious health...
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...There are two forms of HS: classic non-exertional heat stroke (CHS) occurs during high environmental temperatures and often effects the elderly during heat waves260; The 2003 heatwave in France was associated with an increased incidence of cardiac arrests in those over 60-years old. Exertional heat stroke (EHS) occurs during strenuous physical exercise in high environmental temperatures and/or high humidity usually effects healthy young adults. Mortality from heat stroke ranges between 10 and 50%(SOARET. al.,...
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...through the arteries and suck the blood from the veins come. The size of the fist, weighs about 300 grams and pump 5 liters of blood per minute. The heart represents only 0.4% of total body weight but consumes 10% of the oxygen provided by breathing. Arteries These are the vessels that carry blood from the heart to all organs. The transported blood through the arteries carries oxygen to organs and provides essential nutrients for their proper functioning. Veins These are the vessels that carry blood from the organs to the heart. The blood transported through the veins is...
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...Stroke Prevention Christina Thompson Grand Canyon Stroke Prevention What is a stroke? For my teaching plan I chose cognitive learning and so I created a poster-board and discussion on stroke explaining what a stroke is and signs and symptoms of one. The teaching itself consisted spending a lot of time at my community health department, specifically with the community health nurse, getting to know what their role is and how they accomplish much of what they do. She helped me set aside some time and a place to present the information. We did find it a little difficult with the demands of the assignment and their time because they had other obligations but were helpful and made time for me. They gave me suggestions and ideas and talked to me about the best approach for teaching my community would be receptive to. A poster board was discussed and decided upon after discussing the other options. They explained that most people in this learning group would not sit through a powerpoint and enjoy talking and telling their stories so with a poster-board they can browse and talk and pick up little take-aways. The nurse did explain that my local hospital that most of our community uses does not offer any free services and most of the services come from an adjacent hospital who provide them with a lot of free services and resources. So to be aware they will not appreciate where I am coming from but will appreciate that I am trying to learn. I also consulted with a teacher friend...
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...10.1 STROKE This concept was taken from module 10 “Assessment of nervous system”, Sub-topic 3 “common abnormalities and assessment findings of nervous system”. Stroke is a condition of both the nervous and cardio-vascular system. Stroke is a condition of brain damage which results due to shortage of blood supply. The blood supply to the arteries of the brain is reduced leading to brain damage. This result from shortage of blood supply and glucose supply to the brain. In the US it is the fourth leading cause of death. Stroke is also known as cerebro-vascular accident and it is a medical emergency. TYPES OF STROKE There are two main types of stroke namely ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, though some authors belief that transient...
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...slowly. Chronic illnesses are prolonged, do not resolve spontaneously, and are rarely cured completely. There are many different chronic diseases, but the two biggest killers are cardiovascular disease and cancer, by far the leading causes of death in the United States as well as the rest of the world. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) comprises a group of diseases that includes two major categories: diseases of the heart and cerebrovascular disease (primarily stroke). Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cellular growth and reproduction. Cancer can occur in any part of the body, but we’ll discuss a few that are of the greatest importance to women’s health: breast cancer, lung cancer, cancers of the reproductive system, and a few others. More lives are claimed by CVD than by the next five leading causes of death combined. Cardiovascular deaths usually occur in later years when women are beset with a variety of comorbid conditions, such as high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, osteoporosis, and diabetes. The two major forms of CVD are heart disease and stroke; of these, coronary heart disease is the major killer. Strokes, however, also cause many deaths, and they disproportionately affect women—6 of 10 people who die from strokes are women. Cardiovascular disease imposes a heavy burden on the medical care system in the United States, particularly on emergency medical departments and hospitals. Clinical care of CVD patients is costly and often prolonged. Cardiovascular...
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...A life threatening conditioned caused by increasing body temperature, a dysfunction of the central nervous system and multiple organ failure is known as extertional heat stroke (EHS).1 Based on a high school football survey about one hundred thirty two deaths were reported due to extertional heat stroke.2 Heat stress can affect athletes in a broad range of sports and environmental conditions.3 Taking into consideration the teams physician's and athletic trainer’s perspective regarding the treatment of extertional heat stroke, can benefit the treatment being given to an athlete who suffers from extertional heat stroke.4 The purpose of this paper is to inform readers on what extertional heat stroke is, its effect on athletes and the the different methods that cure the condition. EHS is defined as a severe heat illness that is evoked by straining exercise, usually in high temperature environments, that causes one's thermoregulatory system to be overpowered.2 Heat stroke is a life-threatening condition that is needed immediate initiation of fast and effective cooling for the sake of survival.1 There are different factors that contribute to this condition such as: low physical illness, sleep deprivation, and dehydration.1 Common symptoms that can presented are diarrhea, dizziness, vomiting, nausea, hypertension and a few others.2 (See...
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...considered a disorder which principally affects men in our society; consideration of the occurrence of heart attacks in females, for example, has been largely an afterthought. In the past few years, however, it has become increasingly obvious that this is not a problem limited to males, but that it occurs with great frequency in women. We now know that CVD is the cause of death more than any condition in women over the age of 50, including cancer (1) and in fact is responsible for more than a third of all deaths in women (2). It is estimated that 370,000 women in the United States die from heart disease each year. However, our knowledge base regarding CVD in African American (AA) women has not kept pace with the accumulation of data on white females. Thus, there is a deficit of information about this subgroup and the prevalence of CVD despite the fact that black women have more risk factors for CVD than do white women (3). The purpose of this paper is to review the subject of CVD in African American women and to focus upon four principal CVD categories: Coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, stroke, and congestive heart failure (CHF).The impact of gender and race on each of these entities will be examined in comparison to white women, and a determination will be made as to whether a different approach to the management of these disorders should be made based on ethnicity and sex. Coronary Artery Disease It has long been held that men have much more...
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...Running head: HEALTH PROMOTION Health Promotion: Reduction of Stroke Deaths Jeffrey M. Heist Indiana State University Introduction The development of health care policy in the United States has historically, been based on the fact that clinicians were responsible to treat primary illness rather than the promotion of health as it related to personal health behaviors (U.S. Preventative Services Task Force, 2011). This paper will examine the Healthy People 2020 objective HDS-3, Reducing Stroke Deaths (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011), and how the promotion of this objective has progressed since it’s Healthy People 2010, 12-7, predecessor. History The Healthy People initiative was introduced in 1979, by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), in an effort to provide a systematic approach to improving health (Koh, 2010). The plans, known as HP 1990-Promoting Health/Preventing Disease (Centers for Disease Control, 2011), Healthy People 2000, Healthy People 2010 and the current Healthy People 2020 have focused on identifying health priorities and aligning the strategies to effectively implement those strategies. The goals related to each version of the initiative have changed, as have the number of objectives/measures. HP 1990 goals were to decrease mortality in infants and adults and to increase the independence among older adults while the Healthy People 2020 goals were aimed at: ...
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...Health Priorities Report yuliya sadaunichaya yuliya sadaunichaya Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been identified as a health priority area because it is major health and economic burden on Australia. It is one of the leading causes of sickness and death in Australia, although there are significant differences in the incidence and prevalence of the disease among population subgroups. CVD can be attributed to a number of modifiable risk factors. The nature of CVD Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to damage to, or disease of, the heart, arteries, veins and/or smaller blood vessels. The three major forms of this disease are: * Coronary heart disease – the poor supply of blood to the muscular walls of the heart by its own blood supply vessels, the coronary arteries * Stroke – the interruption of the supply of blood to the brain * Peripheral Vascular disease – diseases of the arteries, arterioles and capillaries that affect the limbs, usually reducing blood supply to the legs Cardiovascular disease is most evident as stroke, heart attack, angina, heart failure and peripheral vascular disease. Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of most of these conditions. This is the build-up of fatty and/or fibrous material on the interior walls of arteries. This build-up hinders the flow of blood to the body’s tissues and also acts to increase blood pressure. Often, the build-up occurs in patches known as atheroma...
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