...To employees (memo) This afternoon there was a significant cave-in in the San Jose mine that resulted in 33 of our employees being trapped. They are 2300 feet underground. At this time we have no way to communicate with them. Therefore, we do not know how many, if any, are injured or if they are alive. We are working very hard to set up communication and come up with a rescue plan. We will do everything in our power to bring them home safely. We greatly value each and everyone of our employees. Please stay positive and keep the miners and their families in your thoughts and prayers. To family (face-to-face meeting) I have asked to speak with you to inform you that there has been a collapse in the San Jose mine today. The collapse has resulted in 33 men being trapped. Your husband/son is one of those men. I want you to know we are going to do everything we possibly can to rescue everyone. Unfortunately, at this time, we have no form of communication available with them. Therefore we do not know how many are injured or how many have survived. I know this is horrible news and you are very concerned about your loved one. Please take comfort in knowing we will do whatever is necessary to rescue all 33 men. We are working as fast as we can to set up communication and come up with a plan for rescue. We will keep you involved every step of the way. We will also be here to support you through this process. There is a good chance that the rescue could take...
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...How Did The Great Depression Affect the South? The Great Depression in the South came at a time when the South was still not fully recovered from the civil war. As a result the economy was already in worse shape than their thriving Northern counterparts. The South was the poorest section of the depression with a per capita income ½ of that of the northern states. Workers struggled to feed their families even before the stock market crash of 1929. As people who would be interviewed later on would state, “those were the good old days, but the good old days were pretty tough.” After the depression hit the south fell into even worse hardship. One county in North Carolina saw 3,500 Farm Foreclosures out of 5,280 farms in the county in a single year. This means if you were farming during that time period and lived next to two other farmers’ chances are two out of the three of you would have lost your farm within the year, an amazingly high figure. A swarm of Locus and a drought hurt farmers even more by making it harder for them to grow their crops. Governments in the South during the great depression responded to the economic disaster by raising the sales tax and cutting spending on government programs. These two things lead to an even greater disaster. All of the problems in the South lead Franklin Roosevelt to refer to the south during the great depression as the nation’s number one...
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...The United States and The Fall of Rome a Looking Similar Rome had many downfalls to lead towards its demise like political corruption, military spending and greed. You would think those things don’t exist in the great nation of the United States, but if you thought that then you are clearly ignorant. There are plenty of similarities between the downfall of Rome and the United States, which are economic instability, spreading the military too thin and inflation. The Decline of Rome was due to numerous items such as economic instability, taxation, military dissipation and political corruption. During the years of the downfall Rome began to rely on imports from other countries such as Egypt. Rome imported more then they exported which was a deficiency in income. Once Caesar obtained power he then started to acquire more and more land, which was filled with greed. He wanted people to perceive him to be higher then the gods they people celebrated. This became a problem across Rome and so diversity among religions was considered, “ against the rules.” Caesar began to have relations with Cleopatra. This then turned into a rule of lovers, which they wanted to take over the eastern hemisphere. With the military spread to thin, sickness and zero surplus of food the nation crumbled. Without a military to defend them Rome would easily be invaded and dismissed as a civilization. Though the United States may not be the Fall of Rome, both civilizations had copious things in common. Such...
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...Over the years, there have been so many societies that have collapsed. Jared Diamond, a scientist who studies societies and their declines, believes that a collapse results from environmental damage, climate change, hostile neighbors, friendly trade partners, or a societies response to the their problems (11). Diamond wrote about many societies in his engrossing book Collapse, but out of them all, the Greenland Norse seems to be the one that supports his ideas and opinions the most. The Greenland Norse was a landscape where Vikings settled, but unfortunately their civilization came to an end after being severely damaged. As Jared Diamond would say "collapse isn't inevitable but depends on a society's choices" (21). This shows that the actions of the colonist that settled in Greenland were the main prospect of its end. Overall the collapse of Greenland Norse is instructive because it declined from deforestation and soil erosion, colder climates, military issues with their neighbors, cut-off trade with Europe, and their inability to adopt useful methods from their surrounding societies; these problems fall into all of Jared Diamonds factors in his five point framework impeccably proving his theory. Firstly, the Norse caused ecological downfall by all the reckless logging and farming they did, which resulted in soil erosion and deforestation. Due to this, the settlers lost lumber, firewood, and iron (Diamond 250). Lumber and firewood were scarce because there was no trees left...
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...The Welfare Dilemma in America Defending Americas Financial Integrity Michael A. Barron, J.D., CPA Credits To: Claude Allen Barron, Ph.D. Merwin Michael Scruggs, M.D., M.B.A. Reagan Shea Thomas, M.S. ABSTRACT I will attempt to defend the ever-‐growing problem that lies within the current Welfare system in the United States of America, and try to explain why it must be reformed so that the country can continue to operate on the perpetual system of capitalism. College of Business | School of Accountancy In a world of increasing demand and decreasing supply by way of domestic distributors, we may at times wonder why the prices of many different resources soar at astronomical prices. The answer to this question is very simple when you just think about it in its entirety; we can simply call the influences of these prices, market externalities. Market externalities often times are confused with how desire influences the world around us, but instead these externalities are caused by outside influences such as government mandate or outsourcing from one country to another. The externalities will continue with the times to keep up with a world of great demand, but there will be no greater supply. This seminar will be composed of only two parts...
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...According to B. F. Skinner (Science and Human Behavior, 1965), the Operant Conditioning is the process by which a response becomes more or less likely to occur depending on its consequences. The schedule of reinforcement is an important component of learning process under the Operant Conditioning. I would like to apply this theory on the 2 dogs with same age in 2 different educating situation. The 2 objects of study are Yorkshire Terrier in my cousin’s home and Toy Poodle in ours. The Yorkshire Terrier was educated under random schedule, while the Toy Poodle was educated under continuous reinforcement schedule. While house training the Yorkshire Terrier and Toy Poodle, classical conditioning was applied. In order to communicate the command and action to the 2 objects, we applied the motivational training. Motivational training engages the use of rewards to strengthen good performance, and overlooks all bad behavior (Marlo Shelby, 1999). It is based on Thorndike's Law of Effect (Burch Mary R. and Jon S. Bailey, 1999), which states that actions that generate rewards tend to increase in regularity and actions that do not generate rewards decrease in frequency. We brought both Yorkshire Terrier and Toy Poodle into the cage while saying the command “House” then gave them snacks, after that we reward them with snacks whenever they get into the cage. Both Yorkshire Terrier and Toy Poodle learnt to get to the cage with the command “House”. After learning the command, Yorkshire...
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...those crisis. But, still we lack of managing the manmade disaster. Like the “Building Collapse”. Recent Rana Plaza tragedy had made us aware about our present vulnerable position in the sector of building collapse disaster. It has shown our vulnerable position in this kind of disaster. For, the reason of a single building the whole country was stacked for few days. Total 1136 person has died due to this incident. Around 4000 people have been injured and around 5000 family have been affected directly or indirectly. This was the only one remarkable building collapse incident in last century in our country. If this kind of incident be repeated further. Where we shall stand? Whatever, this disaster could be managed more efficiently. Requirement was a bit awareness and some knowledge about the result of the incident. 1.1 Aim The aim of this paper is to highlight the manmade disaster “Building Collapse”, it’s details, mitigation, how to minimize the loss due to building collapse? 1.2 Scope In this paper I shall discuss the following things sequentially: * What is building collapse * Types of building collapse * Reasons of building collapse * Effects of building collapse * Rana Plaza tragedy * Measures to avoid building collapse * Few do’s and don’ts during building collapse * Owner’s responsibilities 2.0 Building Collapse Structural integrity and failure is an aspect of engineering which deals with the ability of a structure...
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...ENGINEERING ETHICS The Kansas City Hyatt Regency Walkways Collapse Department of Philosophy and Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University NSF Grant Number DIR-9012252 Negligence And The Professional "Debate" Over Responsibility For Design Instructor's Guide - Introduction To The Case On July 17, 1981, the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City, Missouri, held a videotaped tea-dance party in their atrium lobby. With many party-goers standing and dancing on the suspended walkways, connections supporting the ceiling rods that held up the second and fourth-floor walkways across the atrium failed, and both walkways collapsed onto the crowded first-floor atrium below. The fourth-floor walkway collapsed onto the second-floor walkway, while the offset third-floor walkway remained intact. As the United States' most devastating structural failure, in terms of loss of life and injuries, the Kansas City Hyatt Regency walkways collapse left 114 dead and in excess of 200 injured. In addition, millions of dollars in costs resulted from the collapse, and thousands of lives were adversely affected. The hotel had only been in operation for approximately one year at the time of the walkways collapse, and the ensuing investigation of the accident revealed some unsettling facts: During January and February, 1979, the design of the hanger rod connections was changed in a series of events and disputed communications between the fabricator (Havens Steel Company) and the engineering design...
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...Introduction/Synopsis 1. The Story Behind Pancake Theory (the collapse of WTC; what happened and involved) 2. What is the Pancake Theory (how and why did it happened?) 3. Conspiracies (other causalities?) 4. Conclusion 5. References http://911research.wtc7.net/wtc/analysis/design.html http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/military/news/debunking-911-myths-world-trade-center#damage http://architecture.about.com/od/disastersandcollapses/a/twintowerfall.htm http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/jom/0112/eagar/eagar-0112.html http://911review.com/articles/griffin/nyc1.html 1. The Story behind Pancake Theory (The Collapse of WTC) On September 11, 2001, the twin towers of the World Trade Center (WTC) collapsed due to a terrorists’ attack affiliated with al-Qaeda. It hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners and flying one into the North Tower and another into the South Tower. The major events include the following: * The airplane impact with damage to the columns. * The ensuing fire with loss of steel strength and distortion. * The collapse, which generally occurred inward without significant tipping. Some features that lead to the analysis of the collapse. * The towers fell faster than they could have if they were crushing themselves. * The volume of dust was too great to have been the product of a gravity-driven collapse. * The South Tower's top shattered before falling, and so its breakup was not a result of gravity-driven crushing...
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...Zhiyi Song (Song) Principles of Macroeconomics G03 Professor Jean-Pierre Mulumba January 15, 2016 Summary of “Pitfalls to Sound Economic Reasoning” There are five common pitfalls to avoid when people are applying the economic perspective. The first one is biases. People usually bring their biases to the businesses. Government regulation is not always good for everybody’s economics. People should abandon their preconceptions of the economics, then they can avoid the pitfalls. The second one is loaded terminology. People get many information and loaded terminology from newspapers and broadcast media. Some people think that all the government workers are “mindless bureaucrats”,and all the high profits are “obscene”. Those wrong opinions make people far away from success. The third one is fallacy of composition. People should jump our of their own world to see the whole economics, so that people could get a better view and make good decisions. People should not let the fallacy confuse them. The fourth one is post hoc fallacy. Sometimes, people think event A is the cause of event B because A precedes B. But not all the situation are the same. There is an example that the Great Depression. Many people don’t think that the weaknesses in the economy caused the Great Depression, they think the stock market crash caused it. People should not look at the whole situation to find the cause of an event.The last one is correlation. Many people think that if variable X increases and Y also...
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...VISUAL DISTORTIONS NEAR A NEUTRON STAR AND BLACK HOLE ABSTRACT The visual distortion effects visible to an observer traveling around and descending to the surface of an extremely compact star are described. Specifically, trips to a "normal" neutron star with relatively weak surface gravity, an ultracompact neutron star with extremely high surface gravity, and a black hole are described. Concepts such as multiple imaging, red- and blue-shifting, conservation of surface brightness, the photon sphere, and the existence of multiple Einstein rings are discussed in terms of what the viewer would see. Computer generated, general relativistically correct illustrations highlighting the distortion effects are presented and discussed. A short movie (VHS) depicting many of these effects is available to those interested free of charge. I. BACKGROUND It is impossible for a human to travel very near a high gravity star which has a mass like that of the Sun. If, somehow, a person could survive the extremely harmful radiation that would be emitted on or near these objects, the high gravity itself would likely pose insurmountable problems. The person could not stand casually on the surface of such a star because the high surface gravity would tend to flatten them. (Lying down wouldn't help.) Were a person to orbit the star in a spaceship, however, the immense gravitational field would be overcome by a large outward centrifugal acceleration.[1] The problem in this case, however, is the...
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...The collapse of the Tacoma Narrow Bridge was a disaster back in the 1940 that is still known to many today. Many physicists have attributed the collapse of the bridge to forced resonance of the mechanical oscillator – where the wind has provided a source of periodic frequency that has tallied the natural frequency of the bridge. (Scanlan, 1990) In fact, there were multiple arguments that have led physicists to conclude that the tragedy was a result of resonance. Although this reasoning has existed for the past few decades and was agreed by physicists, many engineers have found out that such argument was mischaracterised. One of the reasons was that the frequency of the bridge (under 42 mph wind) was 1Hz, which was not close to the actual frequency (0.2Hz) observed during the tragedy. The Van Karman Vortex Street would not be able to result in resonant behaviour on the day of the collapse. There are many more arguments that were supported by different physicists and in this paper, these explanations will be highlighted and evaluated. Some physicists have come up with an argument that attributed such tragedy to...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Structural materials can be categorized in many ways in many different ways. One of the most common is by the nature of their failure. Materials, such as steel, after reaching their elastic limit, deform plastically before failing. Such materials, where reasonably large plastic strains are observed, are broadly categorized as ductile. On the other hand, those materials that exhibit little or no plasticity are in contrast termed brittle. In structural design, ductile materials are usually preferred, because failure is rarely sudden and catastrophic. Once the material has yielded, large observable strains will occur before total collapse of a structure. Steel, the most common primary structural building material, generally behaves in a ductile fashion. However, during the World War II, over 200 steel ships suffered serious brittle fracture, often at relatively low stress levels. It was observed that brittle behavior, in normally ductile materials, almost always occurs in regions of elastic stress concentration, where some constraint exists to prevent plastic stress redistribution (McGuire, 1968) Following these experiences, designers realized that brittle fracture in steel could be avoided by sensible detailing. This is also true of reinforced concrete. Concrete itself, is a brittle composite, but with the addition of reinforcements concrete it behaves in a ductile fashion. In an earthquake-prone areas, where designing for ductility...
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...seismic scenario. Also mentioned previous devastating earthquakes occurred in India and there eco-social effects. Author underlined that from past experience it was clear that we need to sharpen our tools to avoid such losses. More precise work need to be done in the field of seismic engineering. Agarwal Pankaj and Shrikhande Manish5 have provided an enough material at one place to develop the basic understanding of the issues as required for correctly interpreting and using the standard codes of practicing for earthquake resistance design. The book was divided into seven parts, each dealing with specific aspects of earthquake engineering. Starting with earthquake generation, seismic zoning map of India etc. While the second part covers structural dynamic concern with analytical treatment of vibration problems. Third part throws light on earthquake resistance design of RC buildings. Ideas to improve seismic performance of building, modeling issue of buildings were covered in to fourth part. Fifth part covers earthquake resistance design of building and shear wall. Sixth chapter was related to masonry buildings. The final section was related to seismically damaged buildings that is evaluation and retrofitting of buildings and covers various evaluation and retrofitting methods. Thus a gamut of earthquake engineering was elaborated in to this book. Kadid A. and Boumrkik A.6 have presented a technical note on pushover analysis of reinforced concrete framed structures. In this technical...
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...world. It is not simply a set of forces and processes that are enacted “from above.” Rather, macro-level forces are mediated and shaped by local cultures, social subnational politics, and social practices in communities, neighborhoods, villages, cities, and nations around the world. This course explores the varied and often contradictory processes and consequences of global capitalist development in a diverse set of localities. l.weinstein@neu.edu 617-373-4274 The course will not attempt to cover all aspects of globalization, but will examine five particular topics and sets of questions: 1) Global finance and investment, looking at the social consequences of market exuberance, including investments in so-called “emerging markets.” 2) Structural adjustment programs, particularly the increased marketization and privatization brought about by loan contingencies and IMF-imposed reforms. 3) The new international division of labor, emphasizing transnational financial linkages and the changing division of household labor. 4) Global cultural flows, particularly the new cultural forms that are created through the global circulation of technology and media. 5) Transnational activism and the links between local organizations and transnational movements. Under these broad topics and questions, the course readings and in-class films will focus on such diverse places as Egypt, Bolivia, Mexico, Japan, Europe, China, Argentina, and the United States. Coursework and...
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