...In psychology, personality traits could be explained from many aspects, and one of them describes personality traits as categorizations of people’s particular characteristics (Burger, 1997) while others hold opposite ideas that personalities are more unique and different for each individual depending on his or her peculiar life experience. The former idea relates itself to nomothetic approach, which is a quantitative approach that studies personalities that people share in common to find out a general law that applies to everyone. The nomothetic approach suggests that people show universal traits and that personality traits are consistent within humans. Gordan Allport first brought up this approach to understand personality in 1930s, and after that, many theories has been conducted from it. Individual’s personality indicates behaviour, thus the accuracy of the indication of individual’s personality and behaviour in nomothetic approach decides the validity and effectiveness of the approach. Thus the statement that “ the nomothetic approach is the most effective way to understand an individual’s personality” can be critically evaluated by testing the validity of predictions of the theories. As mentioned above, there are two commonly accepted approaches to understand individual’s personality. The idea that people’s personalities are unique brings the idiographic approach that investigates individuals in personal and in-depth details. According to idiographic approach, each person’s...
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...friends, keeping up to date on news more quickly, for creative expression, to experience global exposure, lots of great resources and information can be get. On the other hand, there are also negative effects that could really contribute on using Facebook among students, those factors are; Students does not care about the surroundings, there will be less social interaction, privacy blow up, Reduce time for study, less family concern and bad for health. The extent of student’s in academics may be determined by its grades that a student earns for a period of learning. It is believed that a grade is a primary indicator of such learning. If a learner earns high grades it is concluded that they may also have learned a lot while low grades indicated lesser learning. However, there are factors also to be consider which affecting the study habits of the students, mostly those are due to lack of ability to concentrate, social lives (like texting, hanging out with friends), spending too much time on internet , too much falling in love and etc. This topic is being supported through many studies with different results about the students who use social networking. There are instances that the student who uses Facebook often has...
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...Conceptual, Historical and Contemporary Issues in Psychology Evaluate the use of the Construct of Personality in Modern Life Broadly speaking personality can be defined as patterns of behaviour, thoughts and feelings. Accordingly a person’s behaviour allows us to infer future behaviour and describe how we differ from each other (Pervin & John, 2001). Today the use of personality is widespread and can be seen in many areas of modern life such as clinical, health, educational, occupational and forensic settings. For this reason, in the western world personality is viewed as an important aspect or characteristic of a person, which people are forever seeking advice on how to change and improve (Brody & Ehrlichman, 1998). The use of psychological tests attempting to measure individual differences related to occupational behaviours have been used for over 60 years (Furnham, 1992). Frequently, they are used for selection and appraisal due to the vast number of applicants, the high costs of interviewing and the necessity for objective, comparative data (Hogan, Hogan & Roberts, 1996). Recent research in personnel psychology has relied on meta- analysis to develop generalizations about personality characteristics that are characteristic of success in job- related contexts. Accordingly, relating measures of the Big Five to job performance measures suggest that conscientiousness is the personality trait that is consistently related to measures of work- related performance (Barrick...
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...CASE STUDY 5-1:158 VETEMENTS LTEE Case Synopsis Vêtements Ltée is a chain of men's retail clothing stores located throughout the province of Quebec, Canada. Two years ago, the company introduced new incentive systems for both store managers and sales employees. However, the sales employees began to engage in activities that had an adverse effect on inventory management, employee cooperation, and customer relations. The store managers have tried, with limited success, to correct these problems. Discussion Questions with Suggested Answers 1. What symptom(s) exist in this case to suggest that something has gone wrong? • Employees stand near the store entrance, creating customer service problems, • Occasional conflict among employees over ‘ownership’ of customers • Some parts of store are left unattended, • Employees are unwilling to restock and reorder inventory • Employee morale has fallen, particularly in terms of poorer relations with the store manager 2. What are the underlying problems that have led to these symptoms? In other words, what theories explain what went wrong in this case? Expectancy theory Expectancy theory can be applied to this case to explain employee motivation to hoard customers at the store entrance rather than (a) attend to lower traffic parts of the store and (b) complete inventory duties. The E‐to‐P expectancy is likely least important because it is almost certain that any employee can stand near the front of the store to hoard customers. However...
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...Personality 8.1 Meaning: Personality, Latin word “persona” literally means “a mask”. Personality refers to the characteristic patterns of behaviour and modes of thinking that determine a person’s adjustment to the environment. A good personality is often as synonymous to one’s charming appearance, healthy build up, pleasing behaviour patterns, good character, fine temperament (blend of nature, character, spirit, outlook etc), and so on. Hence a complete description of an individual’s personality would include many factors like intellectual abilities, motives acquired in the process of growing up, emotional reactivity, attitudes, beliefs, and moral values. In a nutshell, personality is the combination of physical and mental qualities, ideas, aspirations, ambitions, and interest that characterize a person. 8.2 Nature and Characteristics of Personality 2 Nature of Personality 1. Personality is something unique and specific. No two individuals, not even the twins, behave exactly the same way over any period of time. 2. Personality includes everything about a person. It includes all the behaviour patterns like conative, cognitive and affective activities. Besides, it includes his/her semi-conscious and unconscious behaviour. 3. Personality is organization of some psychophysical systems or some behaviour characteristics and functions as a unified whole. 4. Personality is dynamic since every individual has to struggle against his inner as well as...
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...Case Study – New York Times Student Name University Name Date: Executive Summary New York Times is a prominent daily newspaper in the United States. The organization has started its operations in 1851 in New York City and expanded its services to other states in the country over a period of time. With the headquarters located in New York, the organization has circulation of 1.8 million. Recently, New York Times has been facing wide-variety of challenges which needs to be addressed with an immediate effect so that there would not be any major impact on the future growth prospects of the organization. Some of the major issues that New York Times facing are plummeting revenues, inability to sustain with business transformation and poor operating cash flow. The major reasons for these challenges are increasing operational costs, reduced print subscriptions, reducing advertising revenue, rapidly changing technologies, changing consumer behaviours, lack of revenue from digital platforms, and poor online financial strategy etc. In order to address these challenges, it is recommended for the organization to follow two business strategies. They are Business Process Reengineering Strategy and Monetizing Digital Platforms. By implementing these strategies, New York Times can see improvement in speed of service provision, operational cost, quality of service and productivity. The paper also suggested a couple of change management models that help New York Times to successfully...
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...THE BULLWHIP-EFFECT IN A MULTI LEVEL SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK Research in Progress Reisich, Friedrich, University of Duisburg-Essen, 2247800, Essen, Germany, friedrich.reisich@stud.uni-due.de Abstract Forrester discovered the amplification and oscillation of order information in supply chains about 55 years ago and called it the Bullwhip Effect. Since then researchers look for reasons and try to find countermeasures. Most of the countermeasures which were formulated in the last decades are based on experiments with simple linear supply chain models consisting of two to four serial levels. In reality supply chains are complex and dynamic systems. In this paper we developed a dynamic simulation model of a complex simulation network and statistically examine whether the countermeasures described in the scientific literature work or do not work. The preliminary results shows us that at least one countermeasure which works perfectly in linear supply chains is also suitable for complex supply chain networks. Keywords: Bullwhip Effect, Forrester Effect, Whiplash Effect, Supply Chain Networks.. IS Research Fundamentals 1 1 Introduction The Bullwhip Effect or Forrester Effect is a major problem in supply chains. It was first discovered by Forrester (1972) who realized that variations of demand increase up as one moves up the supply chain from the ultimate customer to the ultimate producer. This phenomenon is considered one of the main reasons for inefficiencies...
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...SUMMIT GROUP Words- 3098 University of Chittagong Assignment on Organizational Behaviour Topics:Emotional Intelligence (EI) Submitted to: Md. Sahidur Rahman Associate Professor Dept. of Management Studies University of Chittagong. Submitted by: |S/L |Name |ID | |01 |Md. Tanvir Rahman (L) |08302067 | |02 |Md. Sazidul Karim |08302073 | |03 |Md. Arfatul Islam |08302116 | |04 |S.M. Almas Hossain |08302118 | |05 |Md. Abul Basar |08302140 | |06 |Jolakha Afrin |08302012 | |07 |Bristy Rani Banik |08302023 | |08 |Lipi Barua ...
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...Table of Contents Introduction 4 Objectives 6 Literature Review 7 Framework 9 Data Analysis 14 Qualitative Analysis 14 Qualitative Analysis 16 Research Methodology 17 Conclusion 20 Bibliography 21 APPENDIX – I APPENDIX – II APPENDIX – III APPENDIX – IV APPENDIX - V Introduction Predictive analytics has its origin from a famous saying: Past performance is the basic indicator of future results. It looks at historical cases and builds models which can then be applied to benefit present scenarios or predict future scenarios. Predictive Analytics is the best way for a business to predict customer responses in the future. It provides solutions for businesses facing main problems like ‘What segment of potential consumers will respond best to our message’ and ‘how can I stop my customers from leaving, and why am I losing them?’(Curtis, 2010). Predictive analytics is not just for providing a solution for a business problem but involves techniques mainly to improve the focus of company towards customers and customers towards company. The magnificence of predictive analytics is that a business characteristically perceives a win-win situation. In other words, a business not only benefits from higher returns but also gets to save on cost (Colin, 2009). Predictive analytics is becoming a competitive necessity and an important aspect of many types of business, particularly in this type of economy where an organization is trying to increase its efficiency and at...
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.............................................................................................................................................. 2 Study plan ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Study objective.......................................................................................................................................... 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 3 RETAIL INDUSTRY – INDIAN SCENARIO ......................................................................................................... 4 Segmentation ............................................................................................................................................ 4 IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT IN RETAIL INDUSTRY ............................................................................... 6 Place .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 Supply chain and logistics ......................................................................................................................... 6 Inventory ................................................................................................................................................
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...personality disorder is said to be one of the most misunderstood diseases. According to John Grohol, it is a condition marked by a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following: 1. Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behaviour, as it is covered in Criterion 5. 2. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation. 3. Identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self -image or sense of self. 4. Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g., spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating). Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behaviour, which is covered in Criterion 5. 5. Recurrent suicidal behaviour, gestures, or threats, or...
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...Introduction Personality is defined as the consistent pattern of emotions, thoughts and behaviours that define a particular individual as well as the psychological mechanisms that bring about such aforementioned tendencies (McShane, Olekalns, & Travaglione, 2013). It also refers to individual reactions and interactions with others hence, it is an inner psychological feature as Hiriyappa (2012) describes. This predisposition explains behaviours and attitudes of employees hence a core determinant in organization behaviour as Kumar, Bakhshia and Rani (2009) explain. Personality results from an amalgamation of nature and nurture factors. In the latter, innate qualities such as brain and hereditary factors, determine personality forms. In the former, brain stimulation aspects that define personality occur through genetic transmission (Parikh & Gupta, 2010). In the latter, genetic and molecular structures found in chromosomes, determine individual personality. Nurturing factors that determine personality are sourced from personal experience, behaviour and empiricism. Physical factors regarding a person’s appearance define one’s personality when interacting with others (Jennifer & Gareth, 2008). The culture of societies determines its members’ personalities particularly on aspects of interaction, cooperation and coordination in relationships. Religious and cultural factors also shape up personalities. This is because norms, regulations and convictions determine individual...
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...Pimenta de Devotto, R. Adaption- Innovation Theory and Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (KAI): contributions to collaborative problem solving. Rita Pimenta de Devotto “The process of collaborative problem solving needs to be better understood so that it can be applied more insightfully.” Kirton, 2003. SUMMARY This article aims to introduce Adaption-Innovation Theory (A-I) and the Kirton AdaptionInnovation Inventory (KAI) to readers not familiar with this subject. It will explain the origins of both, the theory and the psychometric instrument and give an overview of the core concepts of the theory. It will also discuss the contributions of A-I and KAI to management practice and explore its current use in organizations for improving team’s problem solving. Introduction In a world of complex and diverse problems, where change is constant, which is better: Adaption or Innovation? Following the current trend we probably should choose innovation betting it will solve most of the problems. However, accordingly to Kirton (2003), which is better depends on the problem-solving context. The current trend underplays adaption and ignores all creative solutions that come from “doing things better” (Kirton, 2003 p.55). Adaption-Innovation theory (A-I from now on) proposes that a diversity of problem solvers (“more adaptive” to “more innovative”) is required to solve a diversity of problems. Not only innovators are creative and capable of bring about change...
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...like “gender” and “violence” reveal that equality between men and women is on the minds of many Americans. An inspiring 1,936,516 tweets put this subject in eighth place within the 10 social issues Americans talk the most about on Twitter (Dwyer, 2014). * Average earnings of men almost always exceed the earnings of women in the exact same occupation (Buckley, 2001). According to Statistics Canada, based on data collected from men and women aged 16 and over, men make an average of $68 500, whereas women make an average of only $45,500. Men employment rates are also significantly higher than women (Statistics Canada, 2009). * Sexual violence is a problem for college communities. The National College Women Sexual Victimization study estimates that one in five college women experience completed or attempted rape during their college years. (Fisher, Cullen, & Turner, 2000). Women have always faced significant challenges throughout their lives due to inequality between men and women. Stereotyping, lack of opportunity, pay differences, sexual harassment, gender-based violence and discrimination represent some of these challenges, which ultimately is disempowering women. This disempowerment has numerous consequences for society today. Times have changed and although unlike in the past, the thought of equality now does lie in the minds of most people, the actual effective significant change has yet to happen. This paper will define the inequalities that still exist...
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...THE EFFECT OF STUDY HABITS ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF FRESHMEN EDUCATION STUDENTS IN XAVIER UNIVERSITY, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY, SCHOOL YEAR 2008-2009” Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM A. Introduction The extent of student’s learning in academics may be determined by the grades a student earns for a period of learning has been done. It is believed that a grade is a primary indicator of such learning. If a learner earns high grades it is concluded that they may also have learned a lot while low grades indicate lesser learning. However, many experiences and studies found out that there are also several factors that would account for the grades. No single factor can be definitely pointed out as predicting grades. It has been an interplay of so many factors – gender, IQ, study habits, age, year level, parent’s educational attainment, social status, number of siblings, birth order, etc. In fact, almost all of existing environmental and personal factors are a variable of academic performance. However, at this point in time, the researchers would like to investigate the possible relationship of study habits and the factors affecting it to the academic achievement of under graduate education students of Xavier University- Ateneo de Cagayan. The investigation of on this area thus becomes a real and compelling motivation for the researchers to conduct this study. B. Conceptual Framework Independent variables as it influence the dependent variable...
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