...Chapter 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter presents the answers to the specific problems earlier raised in the study. Problem 1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of their: 1.1. Age 1.2. Sex 1.3. Year Level 1.4. Social Economic Status 1.5. Honors and Awards Received 1.6. Study Habit 1.1. Profile of the Respondents as to Age The frequency distribution and percentages of the respondents age, gender, year level; and honors and awards received are shown in Table 2. As presented in the table, it showed that there are 173 respondents for ages 11-13 with 44.25%, while 192 respondents for 14-16 with 49.10% and for 17 and above, there were 26 respondents equivalent to 6.67%. Out of 391 respondents, an age 14-16 has the largest frequency. For the gender category, there was 183 males with 46.80% while 208 for females which is equivalent to 53.20%. For gender category, female has the largest number of frequency. Of the 391 respondents, there were 97 respondents in grade 7 with 24.81%, for the second year, there were 98 respondents which is equivalent to 25.06%, for the third year, there were 96 respondents and equivalent to 24.55% and 100 respondents with 25.58% for the fourth year. It shows that the fourth year level has the high frequency respondents. For the honors and awards received, there were 28 valedictorian, 24 salutatorian, 52 belong to the TOP 10, 19 who gained awards for sports, 32 academic awardees...
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...Directions: Respond to the following questions 1-5 as you watch the episode of “City of Men.” Question #6 should be answered after watching the episode. This worksheet should be brought to discussion section on Friday. Please answer all questions, including question #6, directly on this worksheet. 1. In what ways is Rio presented as a city of contrasts? Rio is the city with sewers and without sewers- asphalt and made out of dirt. There are wealthy parts and there are slumps. 2. What are the differences and similarities between Laranginha’s (Uólace’s) and João Victor’s home lives and families? Differences: Victor made homemade meals and ate with his mother. Uolace ate pizza with his friends. Victor’s father showed up and wants to be his father. Uolace is mother is away for work and there were no food in the house. Uolace worries to find food. Uolace doesn’t even have milk, coffee, bread and butter in his house. It’s ironic that Victor’s mom is scared of stray bullets when they live in a nice neighborhood. Victor’s mom is close to him and babied him (wanted to brush his hair). Victor wants a new pair of shoes. Victor complains about the foods that given to him. School isn’t a big deal to Uolace. Uolace and his friend worked for their food. Victor just had to make it. Same: both woke up to the sound of sirens. Both have been given a good name by their mothers so they can be important and have glorious future. They both wanted hamburger and dislike milk...
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...Italian legal system is “based on Roman law, particularly its civil law” (Prosser, 2011, p. 289). The penal code was revised in 1990 to incorporate common-law aspects (Prosser, 2011, p. 289). The legal system in Italy is extremely slow, “the average time between indictment and a court judgment is ten years” (Prosser, 2011, p. 289). Italy’s religious breakdown is “Christian 80% (overwhelming Roman Catholic with very small groups of Jehova Witnesses and Protestants), Muslims NEGL (about 700,000 but growing), Atheists and Agnostics 20%” (“World Factbook”, 2013). The Italian Institute of Statistics identifies six different categories in Italy’s class system (“Italy – Poverty”, 2013). The classes include bourgeoisie, white collar middle class, urban petit bourgeoisie, rural petit bourgeoisie, urban working class, and the rural working class (“Italy – Poverty”, 2013). ). The median age for Italians is 43.8 years with a population of 61,261,254 (“World Factbook”, 2013). Italy is a republic, the Italian Constitution “provides for an executive branch composed of a Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister” (“Political Climate”, 2013). The Prime Minister is selected by the President, who is elected through the Chamber and Senate (“Political Climate”, 2013). The President serves a seven year term while members of the Chamber of Deputies and Senate serve five years (“Political Climate”, 2013). The median age for Italians is 43.8 years with a population of 61,261,254 (“World Factbook”...
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...Introduction 2. Labov’s motivation for studying Sociolinguistics 3. Labov’s observations in Martha’s Vineyard 3.1 Geographical and historical basics of Labov’s studies 3.2 Repetition of the studies in 1961 by Labov 3.3 Labov’s explanation of the observations 4. Labov’s studies in New York 4.1 The Social Stratification of (r) in New York Department Stores 4.1.1 Preliminary Überlegungen 4.1.2 The experiment 4.1.3 The results of the department store study 4.2 Study of Lower East Side 4.2.1 The MFY Survey 4.2.2 The ALS (American Language Survey) 5. The meaning of Labov’s studies for modern sociolinguistics 6. Conclusion 1. Topic and Introduction The topic of this term paper are “Labov’s studies in New York and Martha’s Vineyard”. Labov’s observations in Martha’s Vineyard served Labov as a model for his Master’s essay and his observations in New York as a model for his dissertation. The second chapter will give a survey of William Labov’s motivation for studying sociolinguistics. Chapter 3 is about his observations in Martha’s Vineyard. After that I’ll give a detailed description of his studies in New York (chapter 4) divided up into the two parts: First, the social stratification of (r) in New York City Department Stores (4.1) and second The Lower East Side (4.2). These studies are Labov’s most famous works and two of his early publications. With his studies he created the base for a modern way of analysing language without using tape-recorded interviews (see also...
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...Final project Marketing Mangement Submitted to: Sir Zeshan Shaukat Submitted By: Ghulam jilani Zeshan Naseem Zeshan Munir Zeshan javed UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE “Cerelac is a reliable and innovative product and a symbol of commitment. Cerelac is an ideal infant starter and excellent source of energy” TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive summary ……..…………………………………….....4 2. Selection of Nestle cerelac……….……………………………....6 3. Nestle company intro…….………………………………………7 4. Nestle financial data……………………………………………..8 5. Nestle products………………..…………………………………9 6. Nestle Cerelac……………………………………………..….…10 7. Situation analysis………………………………..………………13 8. Market opportunities and issues…………………………………14 9. Objectives…… ……………………………………………….…15 10. Marketing strategy………………………………………………15 11. Target marketing…………………………………………………15 12. Positioning…… …………………………………………………16 13. Marketing Mix……....……………………………………………19 14. Product……… …………………………………………………..19 15. Price………………………………………………………………20 16. Promotion……………….……………………………………..…20 17. Place……………………….……………………………………..21 18. Conclusion………………………………………………….……20 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Business is a never ending race and in the fast running world of business, there is variety...
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...WOMEN UNIVERSITY IN AFRICA FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND GENDER DEVELOPMENT STUDIES PROGRAMME : MSc DEVELOPMENT STUDIES COURSE : PERSPECTIVES IN DEVELOPMENT INTAKE : 5 NAME : NOBUKHOSI NCUBE STUDENT ID : W120979 LECTURER : DR E.S MAKURA ASSIGNMENT: Karl Marx theory shed light on the understanding of relations of people in the society. Discuss. DUE DATE : 06 APRIL 2013. Karl Max’s theory shed light on the understanding of relations of people in the society. Discuss The epistemology of the Karl Marx theory is of the premise that the history of all existing societies is the history of class struggles. Scholars have had a long standing debate on the significance of Karl Marx’s theory of class conflict. The other party argues that the theory of class conflict helps in the understanding of relations of people in society. In contradiction, there are scholars who believe the theory does not help much in understanding societal relations. This essay seeks to establish how the Karl Marx Theory shed light on the understanding of relations of people in the society. In this context society is defined as a group of people in general living together in organized communities with laws and traditions controlling the way that they behave towards one another. Society is divided into three classes namely aristocrats in the upper class, bourgeoisie in the middle and the down liners...
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...Marxist-based social theory which argues that individuals and groups within society have differing amounts of material and nonmaterial resources (the wealthy vs. the poor) and that the more powerful groups use their power in order to exploit groups with less power. This theory also can be applied to common social situations especially to crimes and other deviant acts or situations. As I’ve read and analyze this theory, I learned that people in different social classes compete for the available resources. For me, through this, people learn to be competitive and fight for their rights and for the things or resources that they need but there is an explanation in this theory that people who are in the upper or in the middle class, which is obviously have their resources, abuse the weaknesses of those people in the lower class or the poor because they know that lower class people need the resources they have which is for me, a negative impact in the term “equality”. And this is the reason why poor people have a big possibility in committing crimes rather than the upper-middle class people. But it depends also because the social justice system is somewhat in favor of the upper-middle class people. They did heavy punishment for the poor or the lower class people when they commit crimes but when the upper-middle class people also commit crimes, most of the time, they didn’t punish them or if they did, the punishment is not that heavy. So as a result, the upper-middle class people will...
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...children from poor backgrounds succeed, but the overall pattern is clear: social class, defined in terms of socio-economic status, correlates closely with attainment at school.” (Cole, Mike. (2006). Social class and schooling. In: Education, equality and human rights. Taylor and Francis. 202.) This extract shows that social class defines how good or how bad a student will perform in their educational years therefore it can be linked into what Gaine says “Many working class parents will want a wider range of opportunities for their children than to what they have experienced […] many will socialise their children into the world they know” (Gaine, Dr.Chris, George, Ms Rosalyn (30 Nov 1998). Gender, 'Race' and Class in schooling: A new introduction. 3rd ed. l: Taylor and Francis. 35.) Although parents would want their kids to have high aspirations they know that because of the social injustice and because they belong to working class families that’s all they’ll be aspirations. Furthermore such decisions as to what the child receives in terms of education wise and career wise all depends on the students willingness and those that don’t have the determination and for some the ones that come from lower classes it is a constant circle for them of dropping out of education and living on government benefits because they feel out of place when attending schools that are highly populated with middle and higher class...
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...Bourdieu How do class, gender, sexuality or race work in relation to taste today? Using at least two key theorists discussed on the course, explain how ideas of taste are presented in any two media texts. The concept of good taste and class has always been a sensitive subject for those perceived as lacking enough taste or class to fit in the higher echelons of society. Historically, taste. class and it’s symbols have always been defined by the social elite. It was been incredibly difficult for outsiders to gain access to the knowledge that ensured the ruling class were in a position to define taste for the rest of the population. There has however always been a drive in the lower classes to earn acceptance and even entry to the higher class of society. This drive has been a major factor to the success of capitalism, giving birth to mass production and economic well fare. Renowned french sociologist Pierre Bourdieu theorised on cultural, social and symbolic values in order to analyze what constituted taste and class. (Swartz, David. 1997) Bourdieu believed that if one possessed a great deal of cultural capital (knowledge of the arts, language or artistic flair) one would be perceived as a higher class than someone without the same knowledge. Bourdieu argues that all members of society exist in a multidimensional social space: where one is not only defined by social class membership but any kind of capital one could gain through social relations and experiences...
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...Application: Getting to Know Yourself Application: Getting to Know Yourself By: Meghan Robinson Walden University January 20, 2013 Professor Geidner Robinson 1 My life is influenced by many different attributes not just from cultural aspects. I have had it very rough in life growing up since childhood being raised in a low income town as the oldest girl of four of three other female children; I was forced to grow up fast in life. My mother gave birth to me and all of my sisters in Ansonia, CT which is a small town where just about everyone knows each other and knows your all of your business. My social status was low class but most of the families there were and very few were middle class, but we all attended schools with the high class children because of the districts so we would often get made fun of because of our clothing or because we received free lunches. I know this may sound silly and prideful but there were many times that I would often go hungry because I was scared to eat because I did not want to get made fun of for eating “government food” as the rich kids called it. My mom would always question why I came home hungry but I just told her it was from playing; she never knew the truth. It also didn’t help the fact that we were African Americans growing up in a predominantly white town. I was constantly made fun of but believe it or not that is not what bothered me. It was more so getting asked the mindless questions and getting poked and prodded...
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...When sociologists talk of social class, they refer to a group of individuals who occupy a similar position in the economic system of production. Within that system occupation is very important because it provides financial rewards, stability and benefits like healthcare. A status hierarchy in which individuals and groups are classified on the basis of esteem and prestige acquired mainly via economic success and accumulation of wealth. Social class may withal refer to any particular level in such a hierarchy. Four prevalent social classes informally recognized in many societies are: (1) Upper class, (2) Middle class, (3) Working class, and the (4) Lower class. The effects of social class can be felt anywhere. Virtually every aspect of society is influenced in some manner by social class. The magazines one reads, the television shows one watches, and the apparel a person buys affect social class. School, work, religious, and home lives are withal linked to the influence of social classes. Schools and the workplace are greatly influenced by social class. The look of employment is transmuting because workers can no longer expect to work their way up through a company. Many companies look outside of the company for people with the right educational background instead of hiring from within. The reporting of social class contributes to the lack of reliability as well. Since social class is often self-reported, it is difficult to assure the precision of the information collected...
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...institutions as well as scholars. Statistics have been gathered from numerous sources, which show that the problem of income inequality has significantly risen since 1970. Income inequality was stabilized for many years. Although income inequality has increased amongst the elite countries in the world, America suffers from this problem the most. Research shows that cause of the wide gap in income inequality has not been decided by gender, which by the way has decreased in America in last twenty years. The Income inequality gap has also not been because of race, or the gap been amongst middle class and lower class, however it has increased. The main reason exists and lies amongst the middle class and highest wage earners, with the disparity being extra dangerous as an individual’s income increases. It is stated that upward redistribution can be held accountable for forty percent of the forecasted Social Security deficit in the following century. Research states that in 2011 it was established that the highest earning one percent of families multiplied about 275 percent after federal taxes and income transfers over a period of 28, compared to a gain of just fewer than 40 percent of the 60 percent in the middle of America's income distribution. Additional researchers found that the trend has continually been ongoing since then. Nevertheless, merely 42 percent of Americans thought income inequality had amplified in the last ten years. Income inequality is not even amid America, after taxes...
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...Race and Social Class I don’t believe there is a true relationship between race and social class. I think we need to explore beyond race to find the true relationship to social class. I believe that the relationship we should be focusing on is the one between social class and education. Races and cultures that put a higher value on education tend to produce more members of society that move from a lower social class to a higher social class or retain their social class from one generation to another. Also, I believe that the movement between social classes becomes more available within a society that does not apply a caste system on its members. Ultimately, it is an individual’s personal responsibly to determine their outcome. This goes beyond race, social class, and culture. I believe America has equal opportunity, but not equal outcomes. As Martin Luther King famously said in his “I Have a Dream” speech, “be judged not by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.” We are unique individuals and have an opportunity to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. These rights are natural rights that are given to us by God. Today the President of the United States is of mixed White and Kenyan heritage. Any remnants of a caste system, perhaps from the days of Jim Crow and the laws of “separate, but equal” are but all behind us in America. If you look at the achievement gaps in the Jersey City, NJ public schools, there is a significant gap in the graduation...
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...Psy/322 Consumer traits and behavior Several topics will be discussed throughout this presentation starting with psychological and social processes that may influence consumer behavior. It has been determined that the consumer play the role of demander and care receiver through good harmony with consumer behavior as the bases of emotion. The corporation plays the role of supplier and philanthropist, through effective corporate strategy and policies based on reason. Finally public policy plays the role of guider and regulator based on the law. The dynamic relationships among consumer behavior, corporate strategy, and public policy are explored here through feedback with a system perspective and dynamics of cause-effect. Corporate ethics fell into five stages, since the 1960's the social expectations of the public with regard to corporations has increased substantially. Carroll (1979) stated that corporate achievement is essential for revaluating a business and those certain social criteria are also important. Consumers want to know about a corporation. If consumers have a good impression of a corporation and they have access to positive information and understand what a firm thinks, says and tends to do in relation to others make it also likely to strengthen the perception of corporate social responsibility. Corporate profits are positively and directly affected by consumer purchase behaviors, while corporate image positively...
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...doing so, a young Russian admiral named Prince Aleksey Andreyevich Orlov is sent to London with plans of negotiating the alliance between the Russian and British government. However, little does he know Feliks Kschessinksy a Russian anarchist plans to assassinate him, decreasing the possibilities of an alliance and saving the lives of millions of innocent Russians who would be forced to take part in the war. Although this book is fictional I believe that Ken Follet did an exceptional job portraying the reality of the early twentieth century. He was able to describe not only the class systems but the ideologies and points of view from all angles based the characters background and beliefs. He was also able to put into perspective the different political views and battles that occurred between different European governments. Much like the society we live in today people are not only based on their social status but also by where they came from and I believe Ken Follet was able to depict that as well. What stood out to me the most was how he portrayed Feliks Kschessinksy a Russian anarchist beliefs and values. In the book Feliks displayed compassion for Russian peasants much like himself and realized the danger joining the war would put innocent people in. He made the effort to stand up for what he believed in and did everything in his power to stop this alliance. Like any other anarchist fighting for their country Feliks gave himself a greater cause and showed his tenacity and...
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