...MORALITY AND THE LAW; The Validity Question By Nfon Mark PLAN Introduction -A general overview of Morality and the Law -Definition of Morality and the law -Principles of Morality -The validity question Body -principles of Morality in details -The principle of Truth -The principle of Courage -The principle of Compassion -The principle of Love - The principle of Forgiveness - A general overview of other principles of morality II Reasons for and against the law taking validity from Morality. -Reasons why the law most take its validity from Morality -Reasons against the Law taking validity from Morality. -conclusion with a personal view Morality and the law; the validity question The notions of Morality and the Law are as old as the biblical story of creation, where God created man and gave him rights, duties and laws to follow (Genesis 1). According to the oxford dictionary, morals is ‘concerned with or derived from a code of behavior that is considered right or acceptable in a particular society. (Www.Oxforddictionaries.com). morality is the degree to which something is right and good. The moral goodness and badness...
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...Introduction……………………………………...……………………………………….…1 Beginning of Life……………………………………………………..…………………....1 Number of Deaths Attributed to Abortion…………………………........................1-2 Abortion Methods…………………………………………....………………...………..2-3 Conclusion…………………...……………………………………………………………..3 Works Cited………………………………………………………………………………....4 War on the Unborn When does life begin for human beings? Is it upon conception or once we are birthed into the world from the mother's womb? Abortion has been a very controversial subject since the early twentieth century. It is not about whether it is legal or illegal; it is about morality and the right to live regardless of the situation. Many people base their opinions about abortion on feeling and religion but there are many scientific facts that abortion is the killing of a human life; therefore, abortion is immoral and unethical. It has been proven that life begins upon conception. According to Stephanie Watson's article "How Pregnancy Works", "The sperm and egg merge to form a little single-celled organism called a zygote, which consists of the 23 chromosomes for the man's sperm and the 23 chromosomes from the female's egg. These chromosomes will determine the baby's hair color, eye color and whether the baby will be a boy or girl." An American Life League article titled "Abortion" goes on to explain that by the first week "implantation into his mother's uterus begins and all the while he continues to grow. As his...
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...Book Report The Marketing of Evil: How Radicals, Elitists, and Pseudo-Experts Sell Us Corruption Disguised As Freedom MKT 6013 Prof. Gadd March 29. 2011 La Shawn Early The Marketing of Evil: How Radicals, Elitists, and Pseudo-Experts Sell Us Corruption Disguised As Freedom Summary Marketing is the application of the knowledge of human psychology to the task of persuasion." (p.99) David Kupelian. Marketing Evil is a must read for those wishing to understand the culture war that the left has declared on American institutions, values, and ethics. Kupelian, with a calm, steady and patient hand, exposes the left as master marketers’ selling an agenda of ever increasing recklessness and corruption as a designer substitute intended for classical American ordered liberty. His chapter on the three step process (desensitize, jam, and convert) devised by sodomites to sell their spectacular species of wickedness to main street America is worth the whole price of the book. Chapters detailing the rotting corruption of the liberal education establishment, showing the manifest moral bankruptcy of modern feminism, and exposing the blood thirsty, predatory nature of the pro-abortion movement give a chilling glimpse into the cynical techniques used by the left to manipulate people into waging war against their own enlightened self interests. There is a chapter written on "Media Matrix" which is nothing short of brilliant. Kuplelian pulls back the curtain and exposes the wizards pulling the...
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...Fallacy Summaries with Examples Name: Institution: Fallacy Summaries with Examples Appeal to Authority The fallacy of appeal to authority also referred to as the Fallacious Appeal to Authority, irrelevant Authority or Ad Vercundiam takes the following form, the first person is claimed to be an authority on subject S and hence makes a claim C about subject S hence making C true. The fallacy is mostly committed when the individual in question is not a lawful authority on the subject. This implies that if an individual A does not merit making reliable claims on a subject B, the argument becomes fallacious. The reasoning becomes fallacious when the individual under focus is not necessarily an expert hence the given cases makes the reasoning flawed since there is no justification for the claim since an unauthorized person made the claim. In the event that a person falls prey to the fallacy, then it implies that the individual is accepting a claim as being true in the absence of adequate evidence to do so. Additionally, the individual accepting the claim does so erroneously on belief that the individual making the claim is an expert which implies that the claim is reasonable to accept. Example 1 An argument about the morality of abortion Individual A: I strongly believe in abortion as being morally acceptable simply because a woman aught to have a right over her own body. Individual B: I strongly disagree. Findings from numerous medical researches say that abortion is morally...
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...Ethical problems with Thomson's argument 2. Thomson's argument is fatal to family morality. It follows from the first criticism that Thomson's volunteerism is fatal to family morality, which has as one of its central beliefs that an individual has special and filial obligations to his offspring and family that he does not have to other persons. Although Thomson may not consider such a fatality as being all that terrible, since she may accept the feminist dogma that the traditional family is "oppressive" to women,12 a great number of ordinary men and women, who have found joy, happiness, and love in family life, find Thomson's volunteerism to be counter-intuitive. Philosopher Christina Sommers has come to a similar conclusion: For it [the volunteerist thesis] means that there is no such thing as filial duty per se, no such thing as the special duty of mother to child, and generally no such thing as morality of special family or kinship relations. All of which is contrary to what people think. For most people think that we do owe special debts to our parents even though we have not voluntarily assumed our obligations to them. Most people think that what we owe to our children does not have its origin in any voluntary undertaking, explicit or implicit, that we have made to them. And "preanalytically," many people believe that we owe special consideration to our siblings even at times when we may not feel very friendly to them . . . . The idea that to be committed to an individual...
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...COUNTRY ROAD: A JOURNEY INTO THE FUTURE OF A RISING POWER 1. Executive summary: Country Road is about a journey on China’s Mother Road, Route 312 starting from the boomtown of Shanghai to the western Chinese border with Kazakhstan taken by Rob Gifford, a National Public Radio reporter. In the book, the author describes not only signs of the booming urban economy everywhere in China but also some of the deep-rooted problems that could harm China’s growth. Key problem mentioned in the book is about government’s corruption and irresponsible local officials. Gifford’s adventure becomes more interesting when along the way Gifford meets many people with different characters such as citizens frustrated with government corruption, older people worrying about changes in Chinese culture and morality or young people unsure and excited about the future. Besides, he also takes part in some activities with the locals. For example, he rides with members of a Shanghai jeep club, or sings karaoke with migrant workers. Sum up, there are huge changes including economic growth, rich mixture of modern Chinese life, or closer commercial and cultural proximity between cities and rural towns in China. However, the country still has many frailties caused mainly from its government; local offices only focus on their benefits and never care about the locals. As a result, whether China will be really the next global superpower and whether it is as solid and powerful as it looks from the outside are questionable...
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...EDITION Whom This Book Is For xix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxiii INTRODUCTION The Moral Common Ground 3 I THE LOST WORLD Things We Can’t Not Know 1 2 What It Is That We Can’t Not Know 3 Could We Get By Knowing Less? II EXPLAINING THE LOST WORLD 4 The First and Second Witnesses 5 The Third and Fourth Witnesses 6 Some Objections vii 19 29 54 83 93 116 viii WHAT WE CAN’T NOT KNOW III HOW THE LOST WORLD WAS LOST 7 Denial 8 Eclipse 149 173 IV RECOVERING THE LOST WORLD 9 The Public Relations of Moral Wrong 10 The Public Relations of Moral Right 11 Possible Futures 199 214 230 APPENDIX 1 appendix 2 appendix 3 appendix 4 Notes Index APPENDICES Decalogue as a Summary of the Natural The Law The Noahide Commandments as a Summary of the Natural Law Isaiah, David, and Paul on the...
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...discuss the effects of abortion on the women who have this procedure. For many cultures abortion is a horrible act. It is considered murder of an unborn human being. In today`s society many people still consider abortion to be an unethical practice and dangerous procedure. It is a typical conflict theory argument of social problems in today’s society. It is a conflict in society because it comes down to peoples ethical and religious stand point that is what makes up the conflict. Ethical is either it right because the fetus is in the women’s body and its her choice to choose if she wants to be a mom or not. The other side of the ethics argument czn stem from religious as well it is a life and murdering an unborn baby is wrong. There are two groups of people who fight to sway the law makers to their side the pro abortionist group and the antiabortion group (Henslin, J. M. 2011). These are commonly known as the prolife and prochoice groups. Many people though when you use these terms don’t take the group seriously they considered these people radicals. There are protesters who believe they are standing up for the unborn by murdering abortion doctors and burning down abortion clinics. The vigil-anti`s think this is justifiable due to the fact that abortion doctors are taking innocent lives and without the clinic there would be no place to have an abortion. The pro-choice group believes that abortion is ethical and...
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...ABSTRACT The dignity of women seems to be tarnished nowadays although the nation is experiencing the economic, productivity growth every year. The mentality of the people in Malaysia is still in doubt when the number of infanticide is still increasing every year. Infanticide is considered as a murder case since it involves an innocent life that easily had been eliminated without mercy. There are no excuses for these irresponsible parents to escape this action as they must be heavily punished. In fact, not only law yet every religion prohibit this kind of conduct, but still infanticide seems as just another crime in this globalization era. This paper aims to discuss about the law enforcement in reducing the number of infanticide in Malaysia. This paper analyses the provision of Section 318 of the Penal Code whether this Act is sufficient to punish the wrongdoer and any other solutions towards this cases. Besides, the role of Malaysia government in the enforcement of law and also how the authorities acts towards solving the cases of infanticide in Malaysia. Hence, the paper also analyses about the effects of law to the wrongdoers and given suggestions for further impacts, including Islamic viewpoints. 1. INTRODUCTION Infanticide can be defined as when any women by any willful act or omission causes the death of her newly-born child, but at the time of the act or omission she had not fully recovered from the effect of giving birth to such child, and by reason...
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... death, Helen: No (then real disagreement) C. There is a point here about disagreement A characteristic of ethics and ethical argumentation consistency: A. It is always wrong to kill a human being B. Abortion is not always wrong C. I am committed to holding that abortion isn’t always the killing of a human being a. This sets a limit on the subjectivity of ethics b. Another such limit: factual accuracy c. One can enjoy a taste without knowing what it is d. In ethics we have to understand the facts of the matter: patient’s prognosis, wishes etc in regards to resuscitation (2) Ethical relativism A. Similarity to subjectivism: B. Ethics depends upon a group, a culture etc. a. Darius: eat or burn one’s dead b. Herodotus each culture things its custom best c. Nomos vs. Phusis d. Anthropology: no superior morality which...
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...A Summary of the Terms and Types of Ethical Theories Ethics is a branch of philosophy addressing questions about morality. Ethics is divided into two different ways of looking at the morality of humanity. They are Consequential and Non-Consequential. CONSEQUENTIAL ETHICS In Consequential Ethics, the outcomes determine the morality of the act. What make the act wrong are the consequences. It says, it will be legitimate to lie in order to get out of a serious problem, such as to save a persons life. In other words a white lie is fine. So the essence of morality is determined by the result or outcome of the act. NON – CONSEQUENTIAL ETHICS In non-Consequential Ethics, the source of morality comes from something else: law, God’s law, moral law, sense of duty, and your definition of what is the virtuous thing to do. All those considerations are built into the act itself before you could think of consequences, before it makes it right or wrong. One classic example is this system is lying. Lying could be wrong because in one system, it’s a violation of the nature of speech. It’s wrong to use a lie to achieve a good end. Simply put, a lie is a lie, is a lie. Egoism – Utilitarianism – Pragmatism Egoism - Means, act in your own self-interest. Utilitarianism - Do that which is moral only if the act produces the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people. There are two brands of Utilitarianism: 1. Act Utilitarianism- Do the act. No consideration of before or after...
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...Ella Washington Apologetics 104 week 3 June, 4/2012 What is a worldview? : In my opinion a worldview is one's perception of the world, and how it affects the manner in which he/she responds to the world in which they live. Ken Funk (Kenneth H. Funk II, PhD, and Associate Professor at Oregon State University) in his paper “What is a worldview?” cited the German word Weltanschauug which means “worldview” as… “Seems self-evident: an intellectual perspective on the world or universe.” As well as the 1989 edition of the Oxford English Dictionary defines “Weltanschauug” as …”literally, a perception of the world…” as a particular philosophy of life; a concept of the world held by an individual or a group…” Weltanschauug is also cited in “Weider and Gutierrez’s’ text Consider as a widely accepted term and was first coined by the Prussian philosopher, Immanuel Kant in his Critique of Judgment published in 1790.” It appears that many philosophers will agree that “Worldview” is one’s perception of the world. Everyone has a “worldview” but may not be aware of this view. Conscience or not it dictates how they live or act in the world…Worldview does not necessarily have to do with a perception of the world or the planet but instead it deals with a thought process that is developed from several sources. Our culture, our environment, Parents, teachers, beliefs, and our own reasoning affect our worldview. One can have many worldviews; however the worldview that” most” allow to dictate or...
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...Chapter 1: Ethical Theory Meta-ethical positions include: * Ethical non-cognitivism (concept that ethics is a matter of feelings) * Ethical relativism (concept that ethics is relative to a particular point of view) * Ethical objectivism (notion that ethics is objective in nature). Meta-Ethical Positions Ethical Non-cognitivism The basis of ethical non-cognitivism is that ethical disagreement can be a highly emotional affair where no amount of reasoning is likely to convince the other party. * Example: “Let’s just agree to disagree” Ethical Relativism * Ethical relativism says that while ethical statements are cognitively meaningful, they do not hold in any objective sense because they depend on our point of view. * If we accept ethical relativism, then ethical disagreement among people who do not share the same perspective becomes impossible. * It assumes that if people agree on something, then it must be true. * Ethical relativism is suspect for a pragmatic reason: it is fundamentally at variance with our social practice. * Example: “To each his own”, or the belief that what’s right for one group isn’t necessarily right for another Ethical Objectivism * Ethical objectivism holds that right and wrong are objective phenomena. * Example: “I’m right and you’re wrong” What is Ethics? * As a discipline, ethics is a branch of philosophy. * It deals with questions of right and wrong conduct, and with what we ought to do and what...
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...Wellington College, Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies Religious Studies AS Level Edexcel Unit 2: Investigations Abortion A study guide and anthology Contents Introduction A modern controversy: the case of George Tiller (BBC) p. 3 Definitions and technical language p. 6 Methods used p. 7 Family Planning Association fact sheet p. 8 Religion and the Sanctity of Life The Sanctity of Life p. 12 A critique of the Sanctity of Life: Jonathan Glover p. 14 Christian perspectives: Methodists and Catholics p. 16 ‘Ensoulment’, soul, and the sacredness of life p. 18 Religious views in conflict: liberalism and conservatism p. 19 Philosophical Problems in Abortion An argument against abortion p. 20 Personhood p. 21 A ‘person’ as rational and self-conscious: Peter Singer p. 24 Moral rights: the foetus and the mother p. 26 A woman’s right to an abortion: Judith Jarvis Thomson p. 28 ‘Why abortion is immoral’: Don Marquis p. 29 Anthology of Texts Unit 2 model answers: ethics (Edexcel) ‘Why abortion challenges us all’: Rowan Williams ‘Contraception and abortion within Protestant Christianity’: Gloria Albrecht ‘Virtue theory and abortion’: Rosalind Hursthouse Appendix: sample exam questions and level descriptors Notes Pages A Modern Controversy: the Case of George Tiller Profile: George Tiller (2009) To some anti-abortionists George Tiller, who...
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