...Distance Still Matters Country Portfolio Analysis (CPA): * An analytic tool managers use to make judgements on international investments * Widely used technique for deciding where a company should compete * Focuses on national GDP, consumer wealth levels, and tendency to consume * Emphasis on potential sales * Ignores costs and risks of doing business in a new market * Ignores barriers from cultural, administrative, geographic, economic (CAGE) * Known as 4 Dimensions of Distance 4 Dimensions of Distance: * Attributes creating distance for each dimension Cultural | Administrative | Geographic | Economic | - different languages - different ethnicities - different religions - different social norms | - absence of colonial ties - absence of shared monetary or political association - political hostility - government policies - institutional weakness | - physical remoteness - lack of common border - lack of sea/river access - size of country - weak transportation or communication links - differences in climates | - differences in consumer incomes - differences in cost and quality of: *Natural resources *Financial resources *Human resources *Infrastructure *Intermediate inputs *Information/knowledge | * Industries or products affected by distance Cultural | Administrative | Geographic | Economic | - products have high linguistic content (TV) - products affect cultural or national identity of consumers...
Words: 341 - Pages: 2
...Summary Pankaj Ghemawat’s article, “Distance Still Matters: The Hard Reality of Global Expansion” discusses the reasons and rationale that drive companies to over-estimate profit potential in foreign markets. Ghemawat analyzes the failures of different companies’ (News Corp, Tricon Restaurants, etc..) foreign expansion endeavors to determine what these failures had in common. From his analysis, Ghemawat concludes that these failures share one common attribute: a failure to account for distance. As Ghemawat describes it, companies erroneously utilize an antiquated and incorrect modality when deciding on foreign expansion: the country portfolio analysis (CPA). The CPA focuses on national GDP, levels of consumer wealth, and people’s propensity to consume but ignores “the costs and risks of doing business in the market.” These costs are grouped into a category classified as “distance” which itself is sub-divided into four dimensions: cultural distance, administrative distance, geographic distance, and economic distance [CAGE]. Ghemawat proceeds to list factors that influence distance and industries that are affected by the specific dimension. These results are framed in an artificially created schematic: the CAGE Distance Framework. Important attributes contributing towards cultural distance include different languages, different ethnicities, different religions, and different social norms. Important attributes contributing towards administrative distance include absence...
Words: 422 - Pages: 2
...org TOOL KIT Companies routinely exaggerate the attractiveness of foreign markets, and that can lead to expensive mistakes. Here’s a more rational approach to evaluating global opportunities. Distance Still Matters The Hard Reality of Global Expansion by Pankaj Ghemawat • Included with this full-text Harvard Business Review article: 1 Article Summary The Idea in Brief—the core idea The Idea in Practice—putting the idea to work 2 Distance Still Matters: The Hard Reality of Global Expansion 12 Further Reading A list of related materials, with annotations to guide further exploration of the article’s ideas and applications Reprint R0108K TOOL KIT Distance Still Matters The Hard Reality of Global Expansion The Idea in Brief Why did U.S. media giant Star TV lose $500 million trying to deliver TV programming to Asia? Like many companies, it was so dazzled by the foreign market’s immensity that it ignored the difficulties of pioneering new territories. For example, it assumed—wrongly—that Asian viewers wanted English-language programming. How to avoid this fate—and select the right targets for your firm’s global expansion? Look beyond a country’s sales potential (as expressed by national wealth or propensity to consume)—and analyze the probable impact of distance. But don’t focus only on distance’s geographical dimension. Consider three other dimensions as well: cultural factors (religion, race, social norms, language); administrative factors (colony-colonizer...
Words: 6336 - Pages: 26
...org TOOL KIT Companies routinely exaggerate the attractiveness of foreign markets, and that can lead to expensive mistakes. Here’s a more rational approach to evaluating global opportunities. Distance Still Matters The Hard Reality of Global Expansion by Pankaj Ghemawat • Included with this full-text Harvard Business Review article: 1 Article Summary The Idea in Brief—the core idea The Idea in Practice—putting the idea to work 2 Distance Still Matters: The Hard Reality of Global Expansion 12 Further Reading A list of related materials, with annotations to guide further exploration of the article’s ideas and applications Reprint R0108K TOOL KIT Distance Still Matters The Hard Reality of Global Expansion The Idea in Brief Why did U.S. media giant Star TV lose $500 million trying to deliver TV programming to Asia? Like many companies, it was so dazzled by the foreign market’s immensity that it ignored the difficulties of pioneering new territories. For example, it assumed—wrongly—that Asian viewers wanted English-language programming. How to avoid this fate—and select the right targets for your firm’s global expansion? Look beyond a country’s sales potential (as expressed by national wealth or propensity to consume)—and analyze the probable impact of distance. But don’t focus only on distance’s geographical dimension. Consider three other dimensions as well: cultural factors (religion, race, social norms, language); administrative factors (colony-colonizer...
Words: 6450 - Pages: 26
...Week 3 Reflection Summary BIS/220 Week 3 Reflection Summary In last week’s materials, my teammate and I have gained some useful and interesting knowledge about the wireless devices, smartphones, we use every day. We have learned what allows us to send emails, text messages, and pictures to our friends, family, co-workers, and classmates. In our summary of week three’s information, we will discuss how our smartphones work using transmission media and artificial intelligence. Also, we will mention how we use these devices throughout our everyday lives. The first ever smartphone was the blackberry which some people still use today, but technology has reached a new high. Today, we use our smartphones to keep in touch with friends through text messaging and family. We also send emails to our co-workers and classmates. Another advantage of having a smart phone is being able to take pictures no matter where you are and send them to far away loved ones or a friend down the street. We can even use the internet to do research on products and information for school or work. We know how to use these features but what makes them work? Signals sent through waves of media transmission answers that question. There are four different types of media transmission in which will be discussed. The first is microwave transmission which is used for high-volume, long distance, line-of-sight communication. Next, we have satellite transmission which makes use of communication...
Words: 532 - Pages: 3
...three principal goals: 1. Opening the local exchange and exchange access market to competitive entry. 2. Promoting increased competition in telecommunications markets that are already open to competition, including the long distance services market. This opened one of the last monopoly bottleneck strongholds in telecommunications - the local exchange and exchange access markets. This reformed the telecommunication era by opening all providers to enter all markets. 3. Reforming our system of universal service so that universal service is preserved and advanced as the local exchange and exchange access markets move from monopoly to competition. Universal service reform order will rework the subsidy system to guarantee affordable service to all Americans in an era in which competition will be the driving force in All the previous rulings shielded the telephone companies from competition. The 1996 Act required telephone companies to open their network to competition. The 1996 Act moves beyond the distinction between interstate and intrastate matters that was established in the pervious regulation, and instead expands the applicability of national rules to historically intrastate issue, and state rules to historically interstate issues. SUMMARY...
Words: 714 - Pages: 3
...cognitive-developmental problems: number, quantity, logic, space, time, and so on. QUANTITY There are several studies which touch on one or another aspect of the child's grasp of quantity notions (Apostel, Morf, Mays, and Piaget, 1957; Fischer, 1955; Inhelder, 1936; Piaget, 1960a; Piaget and Szeminska, 1939; Szeminska, 1935). The earlier papers are primarily of historical interest, since their contents have for the most part been incorporated into the systematic book on the subject by Piaget and Inhelder, Le Developpement des quantites chez I'enfant (1941). This book is divided into four sections, each three chapters long. In addition, there is the customary chapter of summary and conclusions at the end of the book. The first section deals with what is probably the best-known segment of the quantity work: the so-called conservation of matter, weight, and volume of an object in the face of changes of shape. The basic technique is a simple one (ibid., p. 7). The experimenter gives the subject a ball of clay and asks him to make another exactly like it—"just as big and just as heavy." After the child has done this, the experimenter retains one of the balls as a standard of comparison and changes the appearance of the other by stretching it into a sausage,...
Words: 14444 - Pages: 58
...Chapter 10 : The Sun THE SUNS ATMOSPHERE * the sun is so hot that it neither has a liquid or solid matter anywhere inside of it * moving down into the sun there is denser and hotter masses Photosphere (“sphere of light”) * The photosphere is the innermost of layer of the three layers that comprise the suns atmosphere * A gas layer of the sun that has the most visible light * It is about 400 km thick * Density of the photosphere is low by the earth standards about 0.01% as the air we breathe * Photosphere has a blackbody spectrum that corresponds to an average temp of 5800K * The photosphere appears darkest toward the edge or limb of the solar disk , a phenomenon called limb darkening, * This occurs b/c we see regions of different temp at different depths of the photosphere Granules * lightly colored convection features about 100 km in diameter seen constantly in the solar photosphere * time lapse photography shows that granules form, disappear then reform in cylces that last several minutes Chromosphere (“sphere of color”) * is a dim layer of less dense stellar gas that is above the photosphere * It is the layer we normally see * Astronomers can also study the chromosphere through filters that pass light with specific wavelengths strongly emitted by it – but not by the photosphere – or through telescope sensitive to nonvisble wavelengths that the chromosphere emits intensely Spicules - Are...
Words: 7381 - Pages: 30
...|Lesson Synopsis: | This unit develops an understanding of electrostatics by the use of demonstrations, simulations, and modeling. The general theme is that the current model of matter consisting of electrically neutral atoms composed of charged particles is integral to the understanding of electrical forces. The lesson begins with traditional activities of charging objects by friction and comparing electrostatic forces to magnetostatic forces. The traditional experiments are explained in terms of the model of an atom, and the “attract and repel force rules” are explored and expanded. Devices to create, store, and measure charge are utilized in experiments. The formal theory of Coulomb’s law is introduced, and problems are assigned utilizing that theory. Elements of the historical development of electrostatics and planetary model of the atom are researched, and students have an assignment describing contributions of historically important scientists. Additional concepts of electric fields, potential difference, and properties of conductors and insulators are developed through experiment, demonstration, and discussion. TEKS: |P.5 |The student knows the nature of forces in the physical world. The student is expected to: | |P.5A |Research and describe the historical development of...
Words: 7361 - Pages: 30
...Executive Summary Cross Cultural Analysis for Doing Business in Israel Casey Horner March 26, 2014 Introduction This report was commissioned to examine the necessary cross cultural analysis factor and processes due to extending business into Israel, and it suggests concerns and strategies to have successful business in Israel. The following are utilized and expressed in the examination: * Hofstede’s Dimensions of Culture * CAGE Framework in context of distance * Strategy recommendations Hofstede’s Dimensions of Culture These dimensions of culture include power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation. Each dimension offers insight into how the country operates in business. Below is the comparison of each dimension between the United States and Israel: * Power Distance- United States: 40, Israel: 13 * Individualism- United States: 91, Israel: 54 * Masculinity- United States: 62, Israel: 47 * Uncertainty Avoidance- United States: 46, Israel: 81 * Long-Term Orientation- United States: 29, Israel: NA (Clearly Cultural, 2013) Power distance refers to the acceptance of inequality of power or status within an organization or institution. The followers, not the leaders, define this dimension. As seen above, there is more power equality, or less distance between have’s and have not’s, in Israel than in the United States. The power equality in Israel is related to the measurements in the individualism...
Words: 918 - Pages: 4
...Jollibee Foods Corporation International Expansion Case Analysis Jollibee built its core brand on a selection of key criteria (core competencies) to ensure that they would succeed in a highly competitive fast food environment. Jollibee Foods Corp (JFC) business operations catered to Filipinos eating habits such as satisfying their palettes with spicy hamburgers. JFC store fronts were also designed to be friendly and inviting; a comfort zone where families could gather to enjoy a selection of foods with a very local taste. JFC also made every effort in meeting all of their customer’s requirements. These aspects were essential to JFC’s overall success which also guided and aided their expansion through out the country. The preparation of the hamburger came from a local home-style recipe whereas the hamburger sold by the McDonald’s chain was a generic product which was not as appealing to Filipino customers. Customers preferred the spicy-sweet flavors of the burgers compared to the McDonald’s burger taste. McDonald’s on the other hand was having a difficult time getting people to change their local preferences and as such failed to design products which fit into the Filipinos’ palate and into their lifestyle. JFC also benefited from a local political crisis when an opposition leader was assassinated in 1983. As a result, McDonald’s decided to curtail investment in the Philippines. This time lag allowed JFC to continue building and opening new stores and attracting additional...
Words: 2413 - Pages: 10
...From your study of “Piano” by D.H Lawrence, “Half-past Two” by U.A Fanthorpe and “Hide and seek” by Vernon Scannell, and with reference to another three poems from wider reading, discuss how the poets present feelings about childhood. Childhood is a common experience that we all have been through; however this experience is not the same for everyone. There are always common aspects in our stories but our feelings are completely different. As memories start to fade, the overall feeling of the experiences start to become predominant in our minds. It might have been a scar or a sweet dream, but every poet was shaped by those memories described in the poems. Although the subject is common, these poems are different. Each one portrays aspects of childhood viewed by the feelings of the poet. “Hide and Seek” by Vernon Scannell tells the story of a little boy who was playing hide and seek with other children but he ends up being left alone in the dark. Writing about the same theme, “My Parents Kept Me from Children who were rough” by Stephen Spender describes the story of a boy that is overprotected by his parents and constantly bullied by the other children because of his social class. It explores the contrast between the social classes and how it affects both the behaviour and life of the children. Both of the poems are focused in different aspects of childhood including that children can be cruel and that childhood is not always perfect. In Hide and Seek, the poet narrates...
Words: 5740 - Pages: 23
...Agreement / Addition / Similarity in the first place, not only ... but also, as a matter of fact, in like manner, in addition coupled with, in the same fashion / way, first, second, third, İn the light of, not to mention, to say nothing of, equally important, by the same token, again, to, and, also, then, equally, identically, uniquely, like, as, too, moreover, as well as, together with, of course, likewise, comparatively, correspondingly, similarly, furthermore, additionally Opposition / Limitation / Contradiction although this may be true, in contrast, different from, of course ..., but, on the other hand, on the contrary, at the same time, in spite of, even so / though be that as it may, then again, Above all, in reality, after all, but, (and) still, unlike, or, (and) yet, while, albeit, besides, as much as, even though, although, instead whereas, despite, conversely, otherwise, however, rather, nevertheless, nonetheless, regardless, notwithstanding Cause / Condition / Purpose in the event that, granted (that), as / so long as, on (the) condition (that), for the purpose of, with this intention, with this in mind, in the hope that, to the end that, for fear that, in order to, seeing / being that, in view of, If, ... then, unless, when, whenever, while, because of, as, since, while, lest, in case, provided that, given that, only / even if, so that, so as to, owing...
Words: 1538 - Pages: 7
...ARTICLE 1: COMMUNITY MUSIC LESSONS IMPROVE MINDS OF DISADVANTAGED KIDS SUMMARY This article is written by Shereen Lehman. It was about music lessons can improve the minds of children. Community based music lessons for disadvantaged youth can have positive biological effects on their brains. The children were actively playing instruments themselves rather than passively listening to others’ music. In this article, it explained that the children between the ages six and nine participated in the study published in the Journal of Neuroscience. They all went to public schools and lived in gang-reduction zones of Los Angeles. The children were split it into two groups. One group started lessons right away. For two hours per week, they received training in music fundamentals and learning to play the recorder. Most kids progressed to group instruction with instruments after six months. The second group waited a year before starting lessons. Each year the research team evaluated the children’s ability to process speech. Children who took lessons for two years showed improvements in their ability to distinguish similar sounds. However, these changes were not apparent after only one year. The music deeply engages the emotional system of the brain and children learn best when they’re excited about things. COMMENT Music is an art form whose medium is sound. It is about melody and harmony. Music is something that known as universal language. Regardless of where are you from and...
Words: 3489 - Pages: 14
...At Grass Philip Larkin Summary The poet is observing two race horses in retirement and imagining their racing careers. It is interesting that Larkin doesn’t mention the word ‘horse’, though he mentions so many aspects of horses that he doesn’t need to use the term ‘horse’. In the first stanza, he looks at two horses at twilight. His eye finds it hard to see the outline of the horses in the twilight. It is when the wind blows at the tail of each horse that he sees their outline. One of the horses is moving while the second horse stands there motionless. Then the moving horse stands still like the other and there is no way of distinguishing them in the twilight. The words ‘cold shade’ and ‘distressed’ create a disturbing atmosphere. These words may imply the death that soon awaits the old, retired horses. In the second stanza Larkin introduces a flashback. The poet guesses that these old looking horses were famous fifteen years ago as racehorses. He imagines that they won various Cups. Memories of these afternoons are ‘faint’ or faded now. He guesses that whatever races they won, the total winning distances achieved by the two racehorses in various races was less than twenty-four horse-lengths. These winning distances turned the horses into celebrities of the racetrack, ‘fabled them’. Their racing names that were carved on various cups and slogans/brands are now faded. In the third stanza the flashback continues. Larkin’s imagination pictures the colorful...
Words: 942 - Pages: 4
