...com/2013/07/09/not-just-a-game-the-impact-of-sports-on-u-s-economy/ Summary of article: Gwen burrow talked about the job growth created by the sports industry. The industry creates about 456,000 jobs that pay an average of $39,000. This is a lot of jobs that sports create. Credibility: Gwen Burrow, is a writer for Economic modeling. Economic Modeling is a data company who helps organizations connect better with people. Relevance: In this scenario, they have captured necessary data to understand how sports benefits the economy. The data they found is the amount of jobs are created because of sports. * Angelo Spaminato, World Stadiums, Past and Future (2016) http://www.worldstadiums.com/stadium_menu/past_future/future_stadiums.shtml Summary of article: This website has a list of every sports stadium in the world. It has information on stadiums that are already in use, being built, and announced. Currently there are 9 stadiums being built or announced in America. Credibility: World Stadiums is the most comprehensive website on the internet about sports stadiums in the Unites States. Relevance: According to World Stadiums, currently, there are 9 stadiums in America either announced or currently being built. This is relevant because it adds to my point that sports industry creates job growth. * NFL Players Association, Average time length for a player (2014) http://www.nflplayers.com/user/template.aspx?fmid=181&lmid=349&pid=0&type=l#a3 Summary of article: Athletes only last...
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...Prepared by Zachary Zahedi Zahedi16@uga.edu 22 April 2016 Abstract: The study focuses on the marginal tax rate that professional football players face in the United States. This tax rate, which is assessed based on the proportion of days spent in the state of work throughout the NFL season, is called the jock tax. NFL players are not the only professional athletes in the United States that face this tax, however, the structure of their pay and the salary cap figures make the analysis the most manageable. After examining specific player data, my study determined that were significant discrepancies between a player’s effective tax rate within their conference and division and the average salary differences. The argument that critics have against the jock tax claim that players may be severely detrimental to the after tax earnings of all NFL players. Section I: Introduction According to a recent study in early 2016, the state of California collected just over $229 million from nonresident athletes due to the imposition of the ‘jock tax’ in 2013 (Artz, 2016). California is among 19 states that impose the jock tax on athletes that are visiting said states for performing in professional sporting events. The jock tax represents an auxiliary income tax imposed on nonresidents by the state in which the players are traveling. For example, a player that travels to California faces an additional 13.3% tax rate as a proportion of their days spent in that state relative to the total days...
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...people who actually play the game. Is it ethical for colleges to not pay their football stars for playing their hearts out on the field, building popular branding images for themselves and their school, and for the collective big-money earnings and prestige that often comes to their schools? Or is indirect payment to these players in the form of a free undergraduate education and college degree through an athletic scholarship sufficient enough? In the 2012 NFL season, 1,947 players played in at least one game. Of those, 62% attended college at one of the five “power conferences” in the U.S., and only one of those players did not attend college at all.[i] Donald Remy, the NCAA chief legal officer has said, “The NCAA’s rules do not force athletes who wish to be professionals to enroll in school,”[ii] yet premier NCAA schools clearly offer the best path to fulfilling these hopeful football players’ dreams. Nevertheless, despite the more opportunistic path of attending a Division I school, a NFL team ultimately drafts only 1.6% of NCAA senior football players.[iii] Meanwhile, the top schools themselves often profit nicely from their players through ticket sales, alumni donations, media rights, and branding, all while paying large salaries to coaches and building state-of-the-art athletic facilities. The top ten NCAA schools with college football revenues have...
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...interested in determining whether extending the regular season of the National Football League (NFL) would be agreeable to NFL players and fans. The problem exists because the NFL owners are pushing for a season extension, but also want to consider how this will impact the players. Surveys were distributed to collect data for this important topic. It was concluded that neither fans nor players want to extend the season, and it is hopeful that these results will be provided and taken into consideration before the owners make a final decision. More of the Same Game Every year professional football keeps lovers of the game on edge, as fans watch a 16-game regular-season in anticipation of the big finale, the Super Bowl Championship. The football schedule consists of four pre-season games and 16 regular-season games. Roger S. Goodell, Commissioner of the NFL, has proposed shortening the pre-season by two games, thereby extending the regular season from 16 games to 18. The proposal by the commissioner has caused controversy between the NFL and the National Football League Players Association (NFLPA). With an extended season, probabilities exist that players will sustain more injuries and share less of the revenues from the games. Regardless of the threat of a strike by the players, Goodell and the NFL plan to extend the regular season schedule beginning with the 2012 season. Will the NFL approve shortening pre-season by two games and extending the regular season by two games...
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...Professional Sports Team Financial Statements Controlling Player Costs National Football League National Basketball Association Major League Baseball National Hockey League European Soccer’s Path to Financial Health: UEFA’s Financial Fair Play Creative Accounting Roster Depreciation Allowance Franchise Appreciation Summary The Financial Status of Professional Sports Growth of Professional Sports Major Leagues The 1990s and early 2000s was a period of substantial growth for professional sports at all levels. The number of teams in the Big 4 major leagues grew from 103 franchises in 1989 to 122 franchises by 2001. During that time, the National Hockey League (NHL) added eight expansion teams, Major League Baseball (MLB) added four, the National Football League (NFL) added three, and the National Basketball Association (NBA) added five teams. In addition, several new leagues were launched in the 1990s with aspirations of becoming prominent national properties, most notably Major League Soccer (MLS) and the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). By 2001, each of the Big 4 leagues had reached a saturation point, having established franchises in nearly every market capable of sustaining a major sports property. A few markets remain available for certain leagues. For example, Los Angeles has not had an NFL team since the Rams abandoned LA for a new stadium in St. Louis in 1995. While the NFL would love to have a franchise in the country’s 3rd largest...
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...Why Should College Athletes Get Paid? Athletes are very important and strong and they always show it to their best ability. They are really hardworking and they show great help to the NBA/NFL. College athletes are hot topics of the universities nowadays. Athletes work for the challenge and competition. College athletes should be paid because their life is on line, great athletic skills, and, if they have really good potential and smart, lastly, they have to give support for the families. Even when College athletes are on the court or either on the field the game is in the players hand. When players play their lives are always on the line. In thought when they are playing the sport anything could happen. Some athletes have knee injuries and anything. Anything can happen when playing sports. Universities are big in names and it's really important to have the mind set and concentration of the game. To conclude hardworking athletes are the best athletes and when choosing your life over somethings that means it's very important. When athletes are playing the sports, they...
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...salaries are not justified. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Brief Introduction and History of Topic: $90 million, $80 million. That adds up to a lot of money. Imagine how many mouths you could feed or how many kids could go to college with that money. Unfortunately, $90 million is the contract Nike gave Lebron James before he even touched an NBA basketball. $80 million was his contract extension in 2006 (USA Today). During the Great Depression of the 1930s, the biggest news in pro sports was Babe Ruth's contract, which paid him $75,000 per year, more than the President of the United States. (Show me the money!) According to the Seattle Times, when confronted about making more than the president, Ruth famously replied “Why Not? I had a better year than him.” Now even the lowest paid pro athletes earn almost as much as the President, who makes $400,000 a year. Later, in 1964, the Saint Louis Cardinals and the New York Jets got in a bidding war over Alabama quarterback, Joe Namath. The Jets came out on top, showing Namath a pretty decent deal. According to Harvey Frommer, sports author, Namath was “signed to a four-year contract at $25,000 per season, plus a $200,000 bonus. Scouting jobs were provided for his three brothers and a brother-in-law at $10,000 a year. A green Lincoln Continental plus other luxury features were included in the deal which totaled approximately $427,000 - a lot...
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...Buffalo Bills | Promotional Plan for Buffalo Bills | CAP 305, Section 2, 2011 Fall Semester | | Trevor Ames | 11/9/2011 | Table of Contents Executive Summary: 3 Introduction 3 Organizational Information / State of the Team 3 Competition / Climate 4 Product / Target Market 4 Objectives 5 Promotional Component Brief 5 Conclusion 5 The Organization: 6 Organizational History/Background 6 Organizational Goals 8 Current Programs, Activities, Accomplishments 8 Organizational Chart 9 Situational Analysis: 11 Current Customers 11 Competition 12 Climate 12 SWOT Analysis 12 Promotional Targeting and Objectives: 12 Product 12 Target Market Profile 12 Objectives 12 Objective One 12 Objective Two 12 Objective Three 12 Promotions: 12 Overall Concept 12 First Promotion 12 Second Promotion 12 Third Promotion 12 Works Cited 12 Executive Summary: Introduction The point of this promotional plan is to create awareness about the Buffalo Bills. The team has been so bad for so long and the fans as well as the team is getting restless about it. This year the team has had a lot of success and are contenders in their division for the first time in many years. The team needs to foster this positive energy and gain support for the team. In order for this to happen the team needs to have a good promotional strategy that will gain awareness for the team to have a larger fan base. Organizational Information / State of the Team The...
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...the part of the NFL, resulting in neuro-degenerative disease and injury to professional football players. As of January 24, 2013, over 4,500 retired NFL players, more than one-third of players to ever sign an NFL contract, had brought a suit against the NFL concerning the head injuries that they sustained on the field during their playing careers. (Anderson, 1). Given the outstanding popularity of football in the United States, these lawsuits have garnered the attention of national media, prompting debate, discussion, and research about the dangers of football-related head injuries and the future of the NFL. (Fenno, 1). The litigation has the potential to reach the scale of the Big Tobacco litigation of the 1990’s, but the NFL has thrown a substantial roadblock in the players’ suit with a federal employment law preemption defense. (Fisher, 1). The consolidation of all the lawsuits into the Multidistrict Litigation has created the ability for both parties to decide the legal issues presented by the players’ claims and the NFL’s defenses. This paper will examine the merits of those claims and defenses, offer insight into how the players applied rhetorical devices to further their case, address the link established between the NFL and Big Tobacco, and how the court could likely rule regarding the concussion litigation, if it makes it to court. To begin, the history of concussions in football has been an extensive one. As mentioned above, retired football players have been joining...
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...Sheet. Include your responses to all questions in the column, “Your Response” next to the appropriate question. This ONE Exam Answer Sheet document should be saved with your last name and "final," -- e.g. "Smithfinal"-- and posted in your Assignment Folder no later than 11:59 PM (EST), Sunday, November 15th, 2015. This exam also must be submitted to Turnitin.com It is recommended that you submit your exam to Turnitin.com at least 24 hours before the deadline to allow you sufficient time to address any issues identified in the Originality Report prior to posting your exam in your Assignment Folder. Please note: The exam questions are already included on the Answer Sheet. If the exam content is recognized as non-original by Turnitin, it will be ignored in analyzing your Turnitin report. Do not include any repeat of the exam case content on your Answer Sheet. Only place your answers and references on the Answer Sheet. 2) No extensions may be granted on this assignment; be sure to submit it on time and check to make sure that the document you submitted is readable and what you intended to submit. NOTE: This is an individual assignment. Any discussion or collaboration regarding the assignment constitutes a violation of UMUC's Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism Policy. If you have any questions about the assignment, you should direct them to your instructor. Don't wait until the last minute to read the assignment and clarify any questions you might have. If you wait until...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report examines the plausibility of beginning an Arena Football League (AFL) Franchise to South Florida. The purpose of this report is to provide the AFL Miami Private Investor Board with the information necessary for assessing the effectiveness and feasibility of this business venture. South Florida is an ideal location to begin a new AFL franchise. The reason for this is due to Florida’s powerful demand for sports, and football in particular. A relatively large percentage of Florida’s GDP is due to a stable sports industry that successfully weathered the recent economic recession. The geography of Florida helps create a loyal fan base with in the region any professional sports team operates. These fan bases are driven by intrastate rivalries, and the fans are not hesitant to pay to see their teams play. These fan bases for the AFL in Orlando, Jacksonville, and Tampa Bay have proven to strong enough to sustain the operations of the franchises. With the closest arena football team playing four to five hours away, this distance is more than enough to dissuade most South Florida natives from attending and supporting the AFL. However, bringing a team to Miami would increase their awareness of the sport and prove to be sustainable. A loyal, lucrative, and intrastate rivalry driven market is what will sustain an AFL Miami franchise. Additionally, the AFL adheres to a spring schedule so as to not compete for fans with other football leagues. In...
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...Pay to Play: Economic Impact of Paying College Athletes 1. Purpose of Research & Analysis On April 25, 2014, the National Labor Relations Board in Washington, D.C., granted Northwestern University's request to review the decision made by the regional office recognizing the school's football players as employees. In mid-April, Northwestern football players voted as a team on whether or not to unionize, but the votes will only be opened if the board ends up siding with the players, which may take at least a couple of months. Ultimately, the Northwestern football players are determining their fate through this secret ballot and their decision to form the first union amongst college athletes—a decision that has the ability to change the landscape of American college sports. If granted the right to unionize, the Northwestern football team will actually have the ability to bargain over their conditions and it is expected that this could ultimately lead to requesting salary compensation for their efforts. In light of these recent historic discussions, it is critical to analyze not only the ethical, but also the economic impact of such potential situations. My research paper has been structured to shed some light into the challenging and complicated discussions that continue to occur around this topic. Specifically, I have broken my research and analysis into three key topics. First, I explore whether or not there is an underlying issue with the current state, from an economic perspective...
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...MG420 Research Assignment BY: Travis Jones 1.) Define and discuss the term “collective bargaining.” Include and discuss [showing relevance or applicability] a current web-based item/magazine article about a real life example of a collective bargaining action. Write a succinct and complete summary on the contents of the article you’ve provided along with your critical comments about that article. Support your findings with reference research. When the system is working effectively, efficiency, equity, and voice are achieved through collective bargaining. In collective bargaining, representatives of the employer and the employees negotiate the terms and conditions of employment that will apply to the employees. (txt book CH1 pg.18). New Farmer Health Insurance Relies On Collective Bargaining MADISON, Wis. (AP)--A new group health insurance program for Wisconsin farmers is the first of its kind in the country and will serve as a model for others to follow, designers of the plan said. The program promises to offer comprehensive insurance plans at cheaper rates than farmers could get on their own and with more extensive coverage and benefits. "People are waiting in the agricultural community for an option like this that will provide the health care they deserve," said Sandi Cihlar, 57, a dairy farmer in Mosinee, who attended Monday's news conference announcing the plan. The Farmers' Health Cooperative of Wisconsin relies on the collective bargaining power of the...
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...Should College Athletes Be Paid a Salary? Being a college athlete is not only stressful but it is also a tiring job to maintain. Being an athlete comes with a huge amount of responsibilities, and with having responsibilities they tend to get in the way of having time to do anything else. On top of that it is harder for college athletes to maintain a job outside of school . Since most college athletes are busy maintaining their studies such as what they are majoring in and their sports, it makes it harder for them to fulfill their goals when they are student athletes. The only student athletes that have that support are students who come from a wealthy family which provide them with money to spend, however most athletes are not that fortunate, which is why colleges should pay their student athletes. College athletes should be paid not only because they are filled with dedication and determination towards school...
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... Eudaimonia……………………………………………………………………...15 Kantian Ethics……………………………………………………………………16 Ethical Egoism…………………………………………………………………………….....18 Consequentialist Ethics.……………………………………………………………………..21 Chapter Two: Corporate Social Responsibility Introduction 27 Corporate Social Responsibility 27 Summary 34 Chapter Three: The National Football League’s Blackout Policy is Unethical Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….…35 The History of the NFL Blackout Policy: The Legal Test…………………………………..37 The Economic Test: Do Blackouts Have a Positive Economic Benefit?...............................39 The Philanthropic Test……………………………………………………………………….43 The Ethics Test………………………………………………………………………………47 Summary……………………………………………………………………………………..51 Chapter Four: Effective Communication Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….....50 Effective Communication Defined………………………………………………………..…50 This Student’s Display of Effective Communication…………………………………….....51 Written Communication……………………………………………………………….…51 Verbal Communication……………………………………………………………….…53 Electronic Communication……………………………………………………………....53 Summary……………………………………………………………………………………..61 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………62 References…………………………………………………………………………………….63 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate this student’s understanding of the ethical decision...
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