...GENETIC ENGINEERING 1 Genetic engineering and the possibility of designer babies Cynthrea Bright International Management Dr. Matthew Ademola November 27, 2012 Introduction Shannon Brownlee is the acting director of the New America Health Policy Program and is also a nationally known writer and essayist. In March of 2002 she wrote an article for the Washington Monthly called Designer Babies. Brownlee explains the birth of cytoplasmic transfer in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) process and the technical advances from this process that is making designer babies possible. Summary How is the creation of designer babies even possible? Well the process began with the creation of IVF and then in the 1990s embryologist Jacques Cohen created the process called cytoplasmic transfer. This process gave women who did not have success with normal IVF hope by placing cytoplasm from a fertile egg into the infertile women’s eggs. The first baby born from this process was in 1997 and at first was deemed a huge success and advancement in technology. Then 4 years later Cohen admitted to adding mitochondrial DNA to the embryo what in essence gave the child three parents, the mother, father and the mitochondrial DNA donor. This was the first form of human genetic modification and the long term ramifications are still unknown. One of the children born with the mitochondrial DNA has developed a mild form of autism but it has not been determined if it is because of the...
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...Couples Wishing to Undergo IVF Treatment Should Be Awarded the Legal Right to Choose the Sex of Their Child: Abstract: Sex selection, also known as gender selection, has attracted great interest and controversy over the years. Gender selection has been associated with a number of ethical, moral, social and legal issues. Sex selection may be performed for medical reasons to avoid sex-linked diseases or for parental preference. The topics I will be covering include eugenics, beneficence, utilitarianism and pre-genetic screening in regards to sex linked diseases. Eugenics can be defined as the study or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species. In the context of IVF, treatment positive eugenics encourages reproduction by implantation of healthy embryos with inheritable desirable traits and negative eugenics seeks to identify and dispose of embryos found to carry undesirable inheritable traits. Introduction: Utilitarianism in the context of IVF sex selection and genetic screening is defined by the principle of utility, which seeks to judge moral rules, actions and behaviors based on their consequences. Where an action produces the best possible outcome, that being the greatest good for the greatest number it is seen as ethical and moral. Therefore, the testing, screening and disposal of genetically impaired embryos and implantation of only healthy and preferred embryos is justifiable because the outcome...
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...Afraid of Designer Babies? The Ethics of Genetic Screening” An Australian family with a son diagnosed with a rare disease called “Hyper IGM” which essentially is a congenital condition in which a person is born with a vital piece of his/her immune system missing requiring that they receive constant blood transfusions. In this case, the couple goes through a PGD procedure making another child with no disease to cure the oldest child. This procedure of PGD to identify a unimpaired embryo Summary Leanne and Stephen, the Australian couple are in desperate search for a cure to treat their son, BJ’ fatal disease in which doctors determined that the medical name of BJ’s disease is called “Hyper IGM” which is a rare disease, actually, so rare that 2 out of every million children born are diagnosed with this condition. Using PGD (Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis), doctors who specialize in assisted reproduction helped Leanne and Stephen in the journey to find a solution to their child’s issue. The plan would be to essentially create a “extra-parts baby” by testing for a disease-free and HLA matching embryo. If successful, this would procedure would use the blood tissue from the newborn to cure BJ. Of course, once this case hit the public ethical debates arise. One very predominant argument was whether by allowing this couple to proceed with this procedure for therapy, this could potentially open doors to allowing the average everyday couple to create a “Designer Baby.” However...
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...ETHICS FOR HOLISTIC PRACTICE Debate topic – Couples wishing to undergo IVF treatment should be awarded the legal right to choose the sex of their child. Good afternoon everyone our debate topic today is whether or not couples wishing to undergo IVF treatment should be awarded the legal right to choose the sex of their child. I’m Melinda and along with Angelique and Melissa we will be presenting the affirmative argument and the negative argument will be presented by Kristen, Judy and Deb. Sex selection, also known as gender selection, has attracted great interest and controversy over the years. Gender selection has been associated with a number of ethical, moral, social and legal issues. Sex selection may be performed for medical reasons to avoid sex-linked diseases or for parental preference. The topics I will be covering include eugenics, beneficence, utilitarianism and pre-genetic screening in regards to sex linked diseases. Eugenics can be defined as the study or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species. In the context of IVF treatment positive eugenics encourages reproduction by implantation of healthy embryos with inheritable desirable traits and negative eugenics seeks to identify and dispose of embryos found to carry undesirable inheritable traits. Utilitarianism in the context of IVF sex selection and genetic screening is defined by the principle of utility which seeks to judge moral rules, actions and behaviours on the basis...
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...Corporation: The year 2012 marks Target’s 50th anniversary. In the years since the department store evolved, Target has “watched our innovations lead to retail revolutions, and our team, guests and partners build better communities where we live and work” (1). With a mission to “make Target the preferred shopping destination for our guests by delivering outstanding value, continuous innovation and exceptional guest experience,” (1) Target has become known as an upscale retail store that does in deed offer trendy, high quality merchandise at discount prices. They place a lot of focus on their brand promise, “Expect More, Pay Less,” in order to ensure customer satisfaction. “Expect more of everything. More great design, more choices and more designer-created items that you won’t find anywhere else. And pay less. Its as simple as that” (1). Target Corporation is guided by their commitment to great value, the community, diversity and the environment and this is held very close to their heart. In keeping with their “Expect More, Pay Less” promise, Target distinguishes itself from competitors by offering affordable yet upscale products. History: Target Corporations, formally known as the Dayton Corporation, was founded in 1902 by George Dayton. At the time of formation, the store was known for “Dependable merchandise, fair business practices and a generous spirit of giving” (1). Dayton had recognized opportunities for growth in this market and took full advantage of them all. On May...
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...Retail Right Retail Right marketing strategy report A Blueprint to Baker’s Heaven Prepared by Adam Stone For Baxter Bakeries 23 Flinders Lane Brighton SA 5048 Australia 31/01/2015 Executive Summary Baxter Bakeries are a small business situated in the suburb of Brighton which is in the city of Adelaide and currently has a population of 14,907 people (ABS 2014). The suburb of Brighton is only ten minutes from Glenelg which is a popular tourist spot in Adelaide, and has over 50% of its population with people over the age of 45 (ABS 2014). Currently Baxter Bakeries is owned and operated by James Baxter who is an experienced pastry chef, with years of experience in making exotic and delicious pastries. James and his small team have a vision of delivering an experience to customers that not only creates a moment, but a lasting memory for the consumer. In order for James and his team at Baxter Bakeries to be able to achieve this outcome a competitive marketing strategy must be formed to ensure that this goal can be fulfilled in the near future. In order to create a competitive marketing strategy one must look at all the aspects that make up a market starting with the analysis of the market that Baxter Bakeries want to enter. In this analysis we will look at everything that could influence or create challenges for James and his team, including the buyer behaviour, microenvironment, and the macroenvironment. The purpose of looking at the buyer behaviour is that...
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...1. Executive Summary In the various activities related to marketing of products, such as production, distribution and logistics,the competition between companies is growing and gaining prominence in business discussions. The market demands that each organization has a position and a plan of action very well structured and specific, identifying clearly, your goal within your segment. Due to the changing trends, the consumer behavior, and good products, the company should seek a good marketing strategy that is able to convey the intentions of their activities, ensuring financial returns for their business. This report aims to analyze the positioning strategies through a case study on a company that seeks alternatives to differentiate themselves in relation to other offerings in the market and expand its consumer market and create a suggest a strategic plan in communication. The investiment of the Plan in the first year is estimated in R$580.000,00. It uses the concepts of marketing, brand management and consumer behavior. 2. Current Marketing Situation 3.1. Market Overview Many scholars argue that the industrialization process in Brazil began with the textile industry, when the Portuguese arrived in the country, faced with the craft of vegetable fibers. However, it was with World War I that the textile sector has been consolidated as one of the most profitable sectors of Brazil. The great period of expansion occurred in World War II, when the Brazilian industry...
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...UNIT 1 - Exploring Business Purposes Introduction This unit is based on exploring a business. There are two tasks in this assignment. I have been asked to do; Describe four types of business from the, primary, secondary, and territory. I will be describing their purpose, ownership, size, scale. Differences & Similarities between Business because each business are different from each other in so many ways. I need to illustrate how the 3 sectors are all linked together. All businesses have objectives which they aim to fulfill in order for their business to run smoothly and effectively as possible. I will also be, looking at the companies aims to see if they have reached them yet, or what they are doing to reach their aim. I will be explaining areas of growth. As a result of the research I found the following information from research on the computer, getting help from teacher and by my own knowledge. :Sainsbury’s: Background information Sainsbury's Supermarkets is the UK's longest standing major food retailing chain, having opened its first store in 1869. The Sainsbury's brand is built upon a heritage of providing customers with healthy, safe, fresh and tasty food. It differentiates itself by offering a broad range of great quality products at fair prices with particular emphasis on fresh food, a strong ethical approach to business and continuous leadership and innovation. Size of business J Sainsbury plc consists of Sainsbury's – a chain of 504 supermarkets and...
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...system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com Contents List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design in Engineering and Architecture: Towards an Integrated Philosophical Understanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peter Kroes, Andrew Light, Steven A. Moore, and Pieter E. Vermaas Part I Engineering Design ix 1 Design, Use, and the Physical and Intentional Aspects of Technical Artifacts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maarten Franssen Designing is the Construction of Use Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wybo Houkes The Designer Fallacy and Technological Imagination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Don Ihde Technological Design as an Evolutionary Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Philip Brey Deciding on Ethical Issues in Engineering Design . . . . . . . . ....
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...I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FreeRiders, Inc. is one of the leading specialty mountain bike design and manufacturing firms in the world, and caters to professional cyclists, primarily in the mountain bike/extreme sport sub-category. Despite its reputation as a leader in competitive cycling, FreeRiders receives the majority of its revenue through high-end mountain bike sales. Each FreeRiders bicycle is hand-made in the US in FreeRiders’ machine shop in Everett, Massachusetts, consistent with the FreeRiders mission to “produce high-quality custom, one of a kind bicycles in the USA… designed and manufactured by and for the professional road and extreme sport rider.” As a small company with fewer than twenty full-time employees and a host of freelance and part-time help, FreeRiders, Inc. is faced with strong competition in the category from larger bike manufacturers who, in recent years, have increased their advertising and PR budgets by an estimated seventy-five percent, and offset their costs by pushing production overseas. Economic pressures due to inflated production costs and competitors’ increased market share have lead FreeRiders to re-assess its goals for the future. This new strategic plan will unfold in several phases and include a 9-month-to-market new product line extension, a five year plan to increase revenue to between two and five million, and a long term plan to ensure the company’s viability ten years and beyond. II. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FreeRiders, Inc...
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...EDITION Whom This Book Is For xix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxiii INTRODUCTION The Moral Common Ground 3 I THE LOST WORLD Things We Can’t Not Know 1 2 What It Is That We Can’t Not Know 3 Could We Get By Knowing Less? II EXPLAINING THE LOST WORLD 4 The First and Second Witnesses 5 The Third and Fourth Witnesses 6 Some Objections vii 19 29 54 83 93 116 viii WHAT WE CAN’T NOT KNOW III HOW THE LOST WORLD WAS LOST 7 Denial 8 Eclipse 149 173 IV RECOVERING THE LOST WORLD 9 The Public Relations of Moral Wrong 10 The Public Relations of Moral Right 11 Possible Futures 199 214 230 APPENDIX 1 appendix 2 appendix 3 appendix 4 Notes Index APPENDICES Decalogue as a Summary of the Natural The Law The Noahide Commandments as a Summary of the Natural Law Isaiah, David, and Paul on the...
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...Steve Jobs Anna M. Hogan University of Mary Washington Dr. Chavez MBUS 525 Writing Center Appointments Dates, Times and Tutor: #1 4/11/2012 @ 5 pm: Amanda #2 4/14/2012 @ 10 am: Jennifer #3 4/15/2012 @ 7 pm: Jennifer Executive Summary Jobs was a man that was creative, he had a vision, and he was a leader. His creations led him to begin one of the world’s most successful computer companies in the world, which would eventually create a paradigm shift in the technology world. Jobs was adopted as an infant by a middle class family and grew up in California’s Silicon Valley, where as a teenager, he was exposed to tinkering with his father in the family garage, which in 1976, became the birthplace of Apple Computer (Jobs, 2012). As an executive, Jobs had a temperament that was not always welcomed in the professional atmosphere. Shortly after he began Apple he was asked to leave by the Board of Directors and friend, John Sculley, CEO of Apple Computer. This was a blow that Jobs did not take lightly, and in order to maintain his dream and vision, he started a new software company, called NeXT. Eventually Apple Computer purchased the failing company, only after Jobs returned to Apple Computer in 1997, as the CEO. He replaced Gil Amelio, who replaced John Sculley only three years before (Nair, 2012). In 2007, Apple Computer became Apple, Inc., so the world would know that Apple was not just selling computers (Finkle, 2010). Jobs’ leadership traits, charismatic leadership...
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...VIDEO GUIDE Advertising: Principles and Practice, 8th Edition Moriarty/Mitchell/Wells Segment 1: AFLAC Summary That wacky, quacky duck brought AFLAC to a high spot among most-recognizable ads and brand names. The insurance company is growing quickly as a result of this greater name recognition. It achieved 89 percent brand recognition in a relatively short time, resulting in $10 billion in sales and about a 25 percent compound growth rate. AFLAC had spent millions of dollars on advertising with little or no effect and almost no market awareness. Clearly, the current strategy was not working. This led the management team to decide to try something bold to increase market awareness. The advertising agency came up with many different ideas, but one crazy one—a duck. AFLAC tested the ad concepts and, as we know today, the duck yielded the highest results. The goal of advertising is to create awareness, while the actual sale comes from the agents selling the complicated insurance products. Discussion Questions 1. What other industries, products, or brands have used humor in advertising to help position themselves in the marketplace? Do you think the strategies have worked? Where wouldn’t humor work? Humor wouldn’t work all that well with serious purchases (e.g., health), but one might think it wouldn’t have worked with something as serious (boring?) as insurance. Might that be because the humor is associated only with the name and not the insurance company’s attributes...
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...TEACHING MODULE THE FUTURE OF FASHION DECEMBER 2010 This teaching module was independently written by the Aspen Institute Business and Society Program with the generous support of THE FUTURE OF FASHION: SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH THE LENS OF THE FASHION INDUSTRY* By: Jennifer Johnson & Gina Wu Companies across all industries are facing the challenges of business sustainability, debating how best to address these risky issues while also embracing their opportunities for competitive advantage. This Teaching Module uses the context of the fashion industry to discuss topics that are shaping the future of all industries. These topics include sustainable resource management, the challenges and opportunities of global growth, workforce management, and the role of ethical consumption in business. The fashion industry offers a compelling case study for exploring business sustainability issues. In the fashion industry, as in many industries, success requires highly developed sourcing, design, manufacturing, and marketing chains. Increasingly, success also means incorporating sustainability in resource and labor management, as firms realize that long-term corporate survival will depend on new ways of doing business. Climate change, resource challenges, new technologies and dramatic shifts in the global economy are already impacting the industry. The nexus of these concerns allows students to explore sustainability challenges while providing a framework for discussing new business...
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...(n.) fad (n.), passing fad drag (n.), real drag charity (n.), charitable (adj.) mortal (n., adj.) obsess (v.), be obsessed by/with smth. obsession (n.), obsession with smth terms (plural) in practical/political/economic terms, in terms of time/money/efforts Word Combinations to result from smth to result in smth apart from Expressions with “come” (p.7) Idiomatic expressions (p.8) Physical complains (p.18) Text How are your genes? (p. 19) span (n.), life span determine (v.), genetically/culturally/biologically determined, to determine + whether/why/who/what Text of the sample composition (p.30) benefit (v.), to benefit from, benefit (n.), to reap/receive benefit from, beneficial (adj.) test-tube (n.), test-tube baby controversy (n.), to create/cause/spark/stir controversy, controversial (adj.) affect (v.) hostility (n.), hostile (adj.) interfere (v.), interfere in/with abuse (v.), abuse (n.) ban (v.), ban (n.), ban on smth. One Man’s Meat is Another Man’s Poison Talking points A. How do you rate the following suggestions as ways of ensuring physical fitness? Rank them starting with those you consider to be most effective. Be prepared to justify your choice by explaining how the suggestions may or may not help you. * grow your own vegetables * avoid “junk” food * sell your TV * stop smoking * buy an exercise bike...
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