...untoward complication due to extravasation of saliva into the surgical defect which delays healing, creates fistulas and produces painful facial swelling. Currently, no consensus exists regarding the management of a parotid sialocele.3 Multiple authors have described varying modalities of treatment...
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...As with all surgical procedures, adenotonsillectomy poses a series of potential complications in children, although these are only occasional (8). There have been a series of studies which have focused on the complications resulting from adenotonsillectomy. The Helmus study carried out on children under three indicated a low complication rate, although children in this study underwent adenotonsillectomy for chronic recurrent infections rather than for airway obstruction. Whilst Richmond et al. found a higher rate of postoperative airway complication for children who underwent surgery for airway obstruction. Berkowitz and ZalZal numerically identified a 10.5% complication rate in 190 children who underwent adenotonsillectomy for airway obstruction (9). These studies also signified that the main complications associated with adenotonsillectomy in young children are analogous to airway obstruction, postoperative haemorrhage and...
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...Literature Review: Enlarged Tracheoesophageal Puncture after Total Laryngectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Name Affiliation Date ABSTRACT Objectives: Enlargement of the tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) is a challenging complication after laryngectomy with TEP. We sought to estimate the rate of enlarged puncture, associated pneumonia rates, potential risk factors, and conservative treatments excluding complete surgical TEP closure. Methods: A systematic review was conducted (1978–2008). A summary risk estimate was calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Results: Twenty-seven peer-reviewed manuscripts were included. The rate of enlarged puncture and/or leakage around the prosthesis was reported in 23 articles (range, 1% to 29%; summary risk estimate, 7.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.8% to 9.6%). Temporary removal of the prosthesis and TEP- site injections were the most commonly reported conservative treatments. Prosthetic diameter (p =.076) and timing of TEP (p = .297) were analyzed as risk factors; however, radiotherapy variables were inconsistently reported. Conclusions: The overall risk of enlarged puncture seems relatively low, but it remains a rehabilitative challenge. Future research should clearly establish risk factors for enlarged puncture and optimal conservative management. Keywords: tracheoesophageal puncture, total laryngectomy, enlarged tracheoesophageal puncture, complications, leakage Enlarged Tracheoesophageal Puncture after Total...
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...kattu is a traditional way of bone setting practice, invented accidentally by K. Kesava Raju in 1881. Now, the fourth generation of his family is practicing this bone setting practice in hospitals at Puttur, Andhra Pradesh, with 200-300 patients per day. A prospective study was undertaken to analyze the techniques in diagnosis, way of management, medicine preparation, plants used and way of applications by traditional bone setter (TBS) Vaidyas, with special reference to Puttur. We also tried to understand the reasons which make lots of people go to Puttur for getting treatment, means of contact for treatment, pathology of fracture and outcome of some treated cases through this study. 54% of the studied patients came to Puttur TBS on the advice of old patients. It is observed that more educated people are patronizing this therapy and 23% patients of the observed cases took discharge from modern hospital voluntarily to receive Puttur kattu treatment. 80% patients believed that this therapy with home remedy would fasten the healing process. 44% patients opted for this therapy due to fear of pain, heavy plaster of Paris bandage, prolonged period of immobilization, surgery and amputation. 71% patients of the followed cases were satisfied with the treatment of TBS of Puttur with minimum complications. The authors also attempted to put forth the legacy of the tradition, the way of management and the plant used for bone setting by the Puttur bone setting Vaidyas. KEYWORDS: Bone, Puttur...
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...This study will be conducted using a mixed methods approach which would entail a time-motion study, a focus group interview and a quantitative survey. Method 1: Qualitative (Focus group interview) A focus group interview would be conducted in order to obtain the local perceptions of barriers to and facilitators of quality of care. During this interview the continuum of care of care and the role of each unit involved in the provision of surgical care would be discussed in order to identify bottle necks and best practices. Sampling: The sampling method used is a purposive sampling because the information required is possessed by personnel intricately involved in the continuum of care of surgical patients. This includes consultant surgical...
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...both the autonomic nervous system (ANS), and to the cerebral cortex simultaneously to produce emotion. In my daily life as a surgical research anesthetist, I am faced with many crisis situations in which quick response is a necessity. I believe that the Canon-Bard Theory is the most accurate description of the way that I perceive emotions in crisis situations. Being a surgical research anesthetist sounds like a pretty dull and boring job to most people. Some people might think that all one does, is sit in a chair and watch the repetitive blips on a monitor. They would be wrong. It is actually a puzzle. It is a complex puzzle that requires your complete attention and the ability to recognize the events that could lead to a life or death situation. For seventeen years I have studied all aspects of surgery and anesthesia. I have seen hundreds, if not thousands of surgeries. The majority of the anesthetic plans that I have designed have been successful and uneventful, but there have been cases in which something goes wrong or someone makes a mistake that can get you out of your chair, fast! The surgeries being performed are experimental in nature, so there are no references. We have an expectation of what is going to happen based on prior experiences, but you can never let your guard down. One of my most memorable experiences involving a surgical patient was the use of a swine model of skin regeneration. Prior to the surgery, a meeting was held, in which the discussion...
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...Surgical Pathology Ameloblastic Carcinoma Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare, malignant, odontogenic epithelial tumour with significant metastatic potential, requiring radical surgical intervention and strict post-operative surveillance. Diagnosis requires histological evidence of an ameloblastoma with cytological atypical regardless of the presence or absence of metastases.(1) Epidemiology: There was only 104 reported cases of ameloblastic carcinoma (all types) between 1984 and 2009.(1) A number of authors have performed literature reviews pertaining the secondary type, yielding significantly varying aggregates, reflecting the inconsistency and paucity in classification. Compared to the primary ameloblastic carcinoma which arises de novo,...
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...IMPLANT DENTISTRY / VOLUME 20, NUMBER 5 2011 331 Identification and Treatment of Bisphosphonate-Associated Actinomycotic Osteonecrosis of the Jaws Cameron Y. S. Lee, DMD, MD, PHD,* Francis D. Pien, MD, MPH,† and Jon B. Suzuki, DDS, PHD, MBA‡ isphosphonates (BPs) are a pharmacologic class of synthetic analogs of inorganic pyrophosphate that has an affinity for calcium.1 They are used in the treatment of various malignant and benign metabolic conditions, such as hypercalcemia of malignancy; Paget’s disease of bone; multiple myeloma; and metastases from distant sites such as breast, thyroid, prostate glands, and lung. The oral form of BPs is indicated in the management of osteoporosis, fibrous dysplasia, and most recently, osteogenesis imperfecta in the pediatric population.2,3 Currently, there are 5 bisphosphonates in clinical use: alendronate (Fosamax; Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ), risedronate (Actonel; Proctor & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Cincinnati, OH), ibandronate (Boniva; Roche Pharmaceuticals, Nutley, NY), zoledronate (Zometa; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ), and pamidronate (Aredia; Novartis Pharmaceuticals). All 5 medications differ in their binding affinity to bone, potency, and duration.2–5 B Osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) is a condition characterized by necrotic exposed bone in the jaws of patients receiving intravenous or oral bisphosphonate therapy. A review of the medical and dental literature reveals that the pathoetiology of ONJ remains...
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...Spinal decompression is a non-surgical process that aims to relieve the pain in your back and neck. The therapy involves stretching the spine, taking the pressure off of the vertebrae, creating a healing environment for herniated or bulging degenerating discs. Spinal decompression therapy requires the use of a traction table or similar motorized device, that are based on the same principle of spinal traction that has been used by osteopaths, chiropractors and other trained health care professionals. Herniated discs are often called slipped discs, collapsed discs, ruptured discs and other terms. They basically have two causes and we do a thorough physical exam, review your medical history and one or more diagnostic tests to determine the cause of your neck pain. A pinched nerve is one cause. This occurs when the fluid leaking out of the disc is...
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...attributes or characteristics of the concept. * Concept Analysis of the Surgical Wound Infection ? I will like to identify patients conditions and other factors contribute to the development of Surgical Wound infections. * Determine the aims or purposes of analysis The purpose is to understand the effect of environment in surgical wound infections. Prevention of infection requires the application of the principles of microbiology and accept practice. Measure of this concept is based on the stages of wound healing and the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention guidelines defining surgical site infection as occurring 30 days postoperative. * Identify all uses of the concept The Merriam-Webster Dictionary was used to explore the general definition of surgical wound infection Surgical of or relating to the process of performing a medical operation: of or relating to surgery. Wound an injury that is caused when a knife, bullet, etc., cuts or breaks the skin. Infection is the act or process of infecting someone or something: the state of being infected. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) was also used to explore the definition. Surgical relating or used in surgery. Wound is an injury to living tissue caused by a cut, blow, or other impact, typically one in which the skin is cut or broken. Infection is the process of infecting or the state of being infected History of Surgical Wound Infection Hippocrates (Greek physician and surgeon, 460-377 BC), known...
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...United States e Lexington Medical Center, West Columbia, SC, United States f Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States g Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States h American College of Surgeons, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States i American Society of Clinical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States j American College of Surgeons, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States k American Society of Clinical Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States l University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States m Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States b c a r t i c l e i n f o s u m m a r y The ACR Head and Neck Cancer Appropriateness Criteria Committee reviewed relevant medical literature to provide guidance for those managing patients with thyroid carcinoma. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed every 2 years by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and review include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals...
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...I. OBJECTIVES The University of Pangasinan, College of Nursing aims to produce nurses who are competent in the care of people in participation with other care providers in the prevention of disease, promotion and maintenance of health, restoration of well being and alleviation of suffering. With these in mind, we form the following objectives. General objectives: * This case study is designed for student nurses like us to become practiced, well informed and mannered in delivering holistic care for patients diagnosed with tetanus, as well as to gain knowledge and overview about the disease. Specific objectives: * To imply appropriate nursing management for tetanus. * To be able to discuss the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. * To be able to define tetanus and identify its clinical manifestations and risk factors. * To be acquainted with the different drugs for tetanus and their actions. * Plan for a suitable nursing care. * To know the purposes and specific nursing responsibilities before, during, and after some procedure done with the client. * To institute bond between the student nurse and the patient. II. INTRODUCTION Tetanus comes from the Greek word “teiteim” which means to stretch. It is also called lockjaw. It is a serious infectious disease of the nervous system in which toxin causes severe muscle spasm. It is a medical condition characterized by a prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibers...
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...Abstract Shoulder dislocation is a common medical condition seen in the A&E Department. It is usually a result of trauma or is associated with ligamentous laxity in spontaneous cases. Its occurrence in the elderly population is less common and as the elderly usually has multiple medical co-morbidities including osteoporosis, treatment with manipulation and reduction of a shoulder dislocation in the elderly has to be attempted with extreme care due to potential complications. We report a case of an elderly Chinese lady with a history of recurrent right shoulder dislocation presenting to the A&E department with an atraumatic right shoulder dislocation who underwent a closed reduction of the dislocated right shoulder in the A&E but unfortunately had a complication - fracture of the proximal neck of humerus. This article...
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...cervical adenitis), Whiplash and other injuries to the cervical ligaments and muscles. 5, 6 A widely held concept states that muscle pain causes spasm of the same muscle, which in turn causes more pain that perpetuates the spasm.2 Experimental evidence shows that pain may cause muscle spasm and that muscular activity can be painful.7 Due to unrelieved muscle spasm, the symptoms become prolong and recovery is delayed.4 Neck pain which is associated with loss of cervical lordosis, is sometimes ascribed to muscle spasm. There was the study conducted in England in which the prevalence of straight cervical spines in chronic cases was reported about 26%.8 Côté et al 22, 23 in evaluating neck spasm cervical pains and its related disability, reported that in the Canadian population, the estimated lifetime prevalence of 67%, point prevalence of 22.2% and 14% prevalence of high pain intensity with disability. Neck related headache and chronic pain has strong association with poor posture.26 Those spasms which are caused by poor posture, for...
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...SKIN CANCER & TANNING The idea of a “healthy tan” is a myth which must be corrected in order to reduce the increasing incidence of skin cancer in the world. An individual's skin color is determined by their genes and their environment. Our skin can change color in reaction to sun exposure. This is called the "tanning response." When skin absorbs UV radiation, melanin is produced and transferred to the keratinocytes cells within the skin thereby darkening the color of the skin. Melanin in the skin absorbs and scatters UV radiation entering the body and helps protect the skin from adverse reactions to radiation. Thus, the "tanning response" is really a defensive reaction by the body to the presence of damaging radiation, and an effort by the body to protect itself from the harmful affect of ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B (UVA and UVB) rays (“Anatomy”). A tan still remains in the minds of many as socially desirable. Each day we are confronted with images on television and in magazines of golden-brown models and celebrities. In addition, we are the targets of local advertising and promotion of tanning salons. People must understand that a tan is not necessary; and that in addition to the premature aging of the skin, there are serious and possibly deadly consequences from the overexposure of one’s body to UVA and/or UVB rays. The deadly consequence is skin cancer. When people think of cancer they relate to the threat of colon cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate...
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