...Journal of Electronic Imaging 13(1), 146 – 165 (January 2004). Survey over image thresholding techniques and quantitative performance evaluation Mehmet Sezgin ¨ ˙ Tubıtak Marmara Research Center Information Technologies Research Institute Gebze, Kocaeli Turkey E-mail: sezgin@btae.mam.gov.tr ¨ Bulent Sankur ˇ ¸ Bogazici University Electric-Electronic Engineering Department Bebek, ˙stanbul I Turkey Abstract. We conduct an exhaustive survey of image thresholding methods, categorize them, express their formulas under a uniform notation, and finally carry their performance comparison. The thresholding methods are categorized according to the information they are exploiting, such as histogram shape, measurement space clustering, entropy, object attributes, spatial correlation, and local gray-level surface. 40 selected thresholding methods from various categories are compared in the context of nondestructive testing applications as well as for document images. The comparison is based on the combined performance measures. We identify the thresholding algorithms that perform uniformly better over nondestructive testing and document image applications. © 2004 SPIE and IS&T. [DOI: 10.1117/1.1631316] 1 Introduction In many applications of image processing, the gray levels of pixels belonging to the object are substantially different from the gray levels of the pixels belonging to the background. Thresholding then becomes a simple but effective tool to separate objects from the background...
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...We are choosing how a human will look like and how his body will react to certain things before this person is even born, just like GMO’s in our food, an alteration of an organism so that it is better or even “perfect”. The ethical issues brought by this technique from the genetics labs are likely to be very complicated. What if parents can use pre-implantation genetic diagnosis to avoid having kids with attention-deficit disorder or those predestined to be short or predisposed to homosexuality? Will they feel pressure from friends and relations to do so? And will kids who are allowed to be born with these characteristics be made to feel even more like second-class citizens than they do now? This technique is beginning to be more popular by the hour, and it is important that it is controlled in the correct way. This new development is incredibly powerful to the human race because it is capable of altering every little defect a human has or may have in the future. People ask themselves if this is something good, but most of them hesitate when they try to look for an explanation of how they feel about this, on one side we can prevent deathly diseases like HIV and Cancer, but on the other side, the abuse of this technique, when altering how the person will look like physically, or how intelligent he/she will be, is greatly possible. The kinds of...
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... We are choosing how a human will look like and how his body will react to certain things before this person is even born, just like GMO’s in our food, an alteration of an organism so that it is better or even “perfect”. The ethical issues brought by this technique from the genetics labs are likely to be very complicated. What if parents can use pre-implantation genetic diagnosis to avoid having kids with attention-deficit disorder or those predestined to be short or predisposed to homosexuality? Will they feel pressure from friends and relations to do so? And will kids who are allowed to be born with these characteristics be made to feel even more like second-class citizens than they do now? This technique is beginning to be more popular by the hour, and it is important that it is controlled in the correct way. This new development is incredibly powerful to the human race because it is capable of altering every little defect a human has or may have in the future. People ask themselves if this is something good, but most of them hesitate when they try to look for an explanation of how they feel about this, on one side we can prevent deathly diseases like HIV and Cancer, but on the other side, the abuse of this technique, when altering how the person will look like physically, or how intelligent he/she will be, is greatly possible. The kinds...
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...MARKET RESEARCH 1. Discuss the importance of attitude measurement, and describe tow different approaches to measuring people's attitudes toward a given object. There is a growing need among today's marketers to better understand their customer's attitudes and feelings toward the company's products, services, and delivery systems. Some researchers view "attitude" as a derived composite outcome of the interaction between a person's beliefs (i.e., cognitive thoughts) and expressed emotions (i.e., affective feelings) regarding those beliefs. Knowing these interactions can be helpful in predicting a person's behavior (i.e., conative action). Not all researchers accept this trilogy approach to measuring attitudes; some simply see attitudes as a global indicator of a person's feelings (i.e., affect = attitude) toward an object or behavior. No matter the approach, these is significant diagnostic value to both researchers and practitioners in understanding the different scale measurements used to capture people's belief structures versus emotional feelings versus behavior tendencies. Tell how to correctly design and text Likert, semantic differential, and behavior intention scales, and explain their strengths and weaknesses. Likert scale designs uniquely use a set of agreement/disagreement scale descriptors to capture a person's attitude toward a given object or behavior. Contrary to popular belief, a Likert scale format does not measure a person's complete attitude, only the...
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...Introduction Surveys and experiments can prove to be an extremely valuable tool that organizations can use to gain pertinent information. In order to effectively utilize these tools firms must pay careful attention to the design, methodology, and ethical issues of the experiment chosen. Among these issues are variables in conducting experiments with human subjects, design elements affecting the accuracy of the experiment, and questions of methodology. The information below addresses each of these concerns and describes how experiments can become a valuable tool for organizations to plan for the future. Question 9.4 – Ethical Problems in Conducting Experiments with Human Subjects After choosing the experimental design, the researcher must then select and assign participants for the study. According to Cooper and Schindler (2014), participants selected for an experiment should be members of the population in which the researcher wishes to make interpretations about. When choosing to conduct experiments with humans as the main subjects, researchers should be aware of various ethical concerns that may arise. When ethical problems are debated in the research design process, most people often think first about defending the rights of the participant. Whether observations are taken from an interview, survey, or an experiment, the participant has many rights that need to be protected during the research process. As discussed in the text, research must be designed in a way...
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...Business Research Methods, Part I Nikkei Crowder, Jessica Thompson, Delores Winton QNT/561 Anthony Matias August 13, 2012 Business Research Methods, Part I There are elements needed when conducting research, such as developing a theory and hypothesis, determining an appropriate research design, collecting data, providing analysis of the data, and revising the theory upon results. This paper will develop a research design behind the auto industry bailout and identify a sample design used for collecting data. Organizational Dilemma What was the ultimate cause of the downfall of the auto industry resulting in a bailout? This research question arising from the dilemma in the auto industry is one that many American’s found him or herself asking after the government decided to bail them out of their financial crisis. In 2008, the auto industry found itself in a downward financial spiral. Gas prices reached over $4 a gallon and the credit debacle is only a couple of reasons for the dilemma the auto industry faced. The country was facing a recession and they blame up-and-coming technologies of distracting technologies to validate and continue the old routine and procedure to fill their pockets with money and bonuses to retain the status quo in the industry without any regard to others affected, even if this method compromises their long-term strategy. Roche (2009), “This qualifies as failed management syndrome because they consider themselves royalty and...
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...Survey on “Summer Internship Relevance in MBA Curriculum” Report submitted for the partial fulfillment of “Managerial Communication” Course Number MBA C431 Submitted To JAYASHREE MAHESH Department of Management BITS, Pilani on 26th October 2012 Submitted By : Group 5 Harshit Shukla Nischal Sarin Paresh Sarjani Sanya Nauharia Venkat Naveen Zaid Bin Ahsan ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We wish to express our sincere gratitude to PROF.JAYSHREE MAHESH of Department ofManagement, BITS Pilani, for providing us an opportunity to do project on “Survey on Relevance of Summer Internship in MBA Curriculum”. We sincerely thank you for the constant encouragement and guidance in carrying out this project work. This project bears an imprint of views and opinions of fellow colleagues and other people. We wish to express gratitude to all of them for actively participating in our survey. We are grateful to our college for providing infrastructure and internet facilities due to which we were able to complete this project on time. Last but not least, we wish to avail this opportunity to express a sense of gratitude and love to our friends and our beloved parents for their manual support, strength, help and for everything. Place:Pilani Date: 26th October 2012 CONTENTS * List of Illustrations/Figures * Abstract * Introduction 1. Questionnaire 2.1. Current Curriculum 2.2. Research Techniques and Survey Methods 2.3. Survey Screenshots ...
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...CHAPTER 3 Methods and Procedures This chapter explains the methods and procedures of the research. This includes the method used which is the descriptive method. The number of participants together with their profiles. The instrument used during the survey and interview. The validation of the instrument and gathering the data in information needed in the research Method Used This descriptive type of research utilized interviews, questionnaires and observation in the study. To illustrate the descriptive type of research, Creswell (1994) guides the researchers when he stated: Descriptive method of research is to gather information about the present existing condition. The purpose of using this method is to describe the nature of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study and to explore the cause/s of particular phenomena. The researchers chose to use this kind of research to obtain first hand data from the respondents so as to formulate conclusions and recommendation for the study. Participants of the Study There were fifty (50) participants in counducting the study. These were the local residents of the place in Malolos Bulacan. Sampling Technique The purposive sampling technique is used in this study. This method targets a particular group of people. The purpose of this method is to select the people of interest and the people who suit the purpose. The criteria used in selecting respondents are the following: * Residents of the place. * Those eighteen...
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...Online Surveys Jiali Ye Georgia State University, USA Chapter VIII AbstRAct The widespread use of personal computers in the work place and at home has created a new opportunity of conducting research. With the increasing accessibility of the Internet and e-mail, using the new medium to distribute surveys is gaining popularity among researchers. The online survey, however, is a “double-edged sword,” with the ability to access a large number of respondents at low costs, but the risk of increasing difficulties to evaluate the quality of the research (Couper, 2000). Concerns over response rates, sampling, and controlling the data collection environment have posed serious challenges to online survey researchers. The purpose of the present chapter is to offer suggestions for addressing these concerns. After a brief discussion on the formats of online surveys, the author will outline the challenges of conducting online surveys, and provide some strategies to overcome these challenges. IntRoductIon formats of online surveys Internet-based research may appear in various forms, but generally there are two formats for online surveys: e-mail surveys and Web-based surveys. E-mail surveys. According to Bachmann, Elfrink, and Vazzana (1996), e-mail questionnaires appeared almost simultaneously with the introduction of e-mail. E-mail surveys used to be restricted to population samples from within a company or a university. With the increasing number of e-mail users, e-mail surveys have...
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...the job in current corporate documents, and the job’s place in the organizational chart. After determining exactly which titles I would be looking at, I would then conduct a survey of a random sample of all employees in the job title or representative job titles. Preferably, this would be an online survey due to the ease of distribution to employees whether they are located in different areas or in some cases in different countries (Rama Rao, 2009). If it is possible, I would prefer to distribute this survey over the company’s intranet for the ease of use and ability to accomplish many related tasks (Kuzmits & Dos Santos, 2000). If the corporation lacked the ability to conduct such a survey by intranet, I would have the surveys distributed in the employee’s mail box, folder, or other communication area. In composing the survey, I would speak with immediate supervisors of the group to identify the major duties of each job (HR-Guide). Using this information, I would compose a questionnaire that asks employees about their jobs based on the duties identified by the supervisors and those identified by the O*NET system as standard to certain jobs (US Department of Labor). To try to get the broadest reach and the most number of responses, I would allow sufficient time for employees to complete the survey. The time given may be as much as a month in a large work group or as little as one week in a very small work group (Insightlink Communications) . After all the questionnaires are...
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Activities In order to initiate the project, we have to set up a group with the dedicated team members. The contents of the proposed project includes as follows:Project Title: __________________________________ Group Name: ___________________________________ Introduction - What the organization do? - Who are the stake holders? - What are the business processes/functions? - Briefly describe the technique used to capture the stakeholder problem
Objectives - list at least 3 objectives
Lab 1
1 of 2
BITP 2223 – Software Requirement and Design
Team Hierarchy
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...Bonjour tout le monde. Je m’appelle Aprameya et aujourd’hui, je veux vous parler au sujet de l’éducation axée sur la carrière. Particulièrement, je parlerai sur mes objectifs professionnels de devenir pilote, et mon expérience en école de pilotage. Cette présentation correspond avec notre labo 5, à propos de l’éducation et les médias. Depuis j’étais petit, j’avais un rêve, de devenir pilote, quand je grandisse. Alors, chaque fois ma famille voyageait, toujours j’étais tellement passionné ; j’avais hâte de voir des avions, de les entrer ; de me sentir quand on décolle à l’air. En occasion, je parlais avec les pilotes, et je les ai dit que j’aime volant, et que je veux devenir pilote aussi. Alors que je grandissais, j’étais plus en plus sur que je dois apprendre le pilotage. Quand j’avais 12 ans, j’ai commencé mon éducation axée sur la carrière. J’ai joint une école de pilotage, et chaque semaine, j’étudiais les cours de l’aviation. Pour moi, c’était la réalisation d’un rêve. Je me souviens toujours ce que je me suis senti après mon premier décollage, le moment où les roues ont quitté le sol, et ensuite, ma première solo, quand j’étais tout seul au ciel, c’est vraiment incroyable. Sans aucun doute, ça classe au premier rang dans ma liste des expériences. Je pense que ces cours supplémentaires, où quelqu’un peut apprendre des sujets qui correspondent avec leurs buts personnels et professionnels, sont très importants dans un compétitif marché du travail. Il y a trois raisonnes...
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...Qui saurait de nos jours se passer du fameux téléphone? Nous devons cette merveilleuse invention à Alexandre Graham Bell. Durant cette présentation, nous allons vous parler de ce personnage qui a changé l’histoire de la communication. Alexandre Graham Bell est né le 3 mars 1847 à Édimbourg en Écosse. Il devient citoyen Canadien en 1882. Il avait deux frères : Melvin James Bell et Edward Charles Bell. Tous deux morts de la tuberculose. À sa naissance, Bell n’avait pas encore de deuxième prénom. Ce n’est qu’à l’âge de 11 ans qu’il fit la demande pour avoir Graham inclus dans son nom. C’était son cadeau d’anniversaire. Ses parents s’appelaient Alexander Melvin Bell et Eliza Grace. Son père était un professeur de diction. Durant son enfance, Alexandre collectionnait des espèces botaniques et réalisait déjà ses premières expériences. Encouragé par sa mère, Bell s’intéresse aussi à l’art, la poésie et la musique. Quand Bell avait douze ans, sa mère commença à perdre graduellement l’audition. C’est pour cette raison qu’il a appris le langage des signes pour pouvoir communiquer avec elle. La surdité de sa mère amène Alexandre à étudier l’acoustique. À l’école, la science et la biologie étaient ses intérêts principaux. Ses notes, cependant étaient piètres, car il manquait souvent les cours. Il déménage à Londres pour vivre avec son grand-père après avoir quitté l’école. C’est dans cette période de sa vie qu’il prit goût à l’enseignement. À 16 ans, à Weston House...
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...« De nombreuses études sur l’impact de la musique sur le développement ont été menées, mais plutôt auprès d’enfants plus âgés», explique Laurel Trainor, directeur de l’Institut McMaster pour la musique et l’esprit. « Nos résultats suggèrent que le cerveau du nourrisson pourrait être particulièrement réceptif à « l’exposition musicale » ». L. Trainor, en collaboration avec David Gerry, professeur de musique, a d’ailleurs reçu un prix de la Fondation Grammy en 2008 pour son travail sur les effets de la musique dans la petite enfance. Dans cette nouvelle étude, des bébés et leurs parents ont suivi durant 6 mois un des deux cours de musique hebdomadaires proposés : La première classe de musique formait à la musique interactive et à l’apprentissage d’une petite série de berceuses accompagnées d’actions. Les parents et les enfants ont appris à jouer ensemble des percussions et à chanter. La seconde classe de musique proposait différents jeux et jouets, mais avec un fond musical en arrière-plan. Au départ de l’étude, tous les bébés présentaient une capacité de communication et un niveau de développement social similaires, aucun n’avait déjà participé à des classes de musique pour bébés. Une sensibilité évidente à la musicalité : «Les bébés qui ont participé aux cours de musique interactifs avec leurs parents montrent de manière plus précoce une sensibilité à la musique, au son juste, alors que les nourrissons qui ont participé à des classes d’écoute passive ne montrent pas les mêmes...
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...production units. An effective supervisor ought to be a trained observer and possess record keeping skills. Also, they should know how the job is done and the time required to accomplish. Observation is simple to use and acquires first-hand information. However, the method can cause bias to some workers and is also time-consuming. Questionnaires method can also be used in the job analysis process. The technique is further categorized in two i.e. open-ended questionnaires or well-structured questionnaires. The former can be utilized by both the supervisors and incumbents while open inquiry requires only the workers to describe the job how they understand it. The technique can reach more workers, but the responses could be incomplete making it difficult to interpret. Interviewing applied in the job analysis process. In this method, the employees and other incumbents are interviewed individually after which the results are aggregated (Algera & Greuter, 2013). Other times a group interview is performed by selecting several incumbents who undergo interview at the same time. The technique works well with for occupations with long cycles. Use of a checklist has been frequently applied to job analysis. A list is filled by either the supervisor or an incumbent. The method is preferred as it is economical and very simple to administer. Technical conference method is preferable in the organization dealing with processing. It involves the collaboration of...
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