...market, the fact that H&M is a global brand, operating from nearly everywhere in the world, both made us sure that we would have to analyze a very strong and efficient strategy, and to face some difficulties, deeply linked with the industry (such as problems of relocations or competition from Chinese textile) that would help us understand a strategy better. Besides fashion is an unavoidable factor of our daily life. It always seemed interesting to analyze what stands behind the doors of a store in which we shop. Presentation of the brand H&M is a Sweden based company. It was funded in 1947 by two Swede Hennes and Mauritz, which gave the brand their name. The firm designs, produces and retails clothing items and accessories (including cosmetic products). Its range of product includes clothing (innerwear and sportswear) for men, women and children. Presently, H&M operates in 28 countries. Its largest/major markets are in Germany, Sweden and the UK. The company also allows its customers to buy on the Internet through their online shop (not available in all countries.) H&M reflects international trends through different concepts and ranges of clothes that cover different “style” with above all classics, basics and a line depending on international trends. The brand’s largest department is the women’s department (followed by children’s wear). Almost all H&M stores are full-range stores, although some stores sell only women’s wear or children’s...
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...Case Study 2.2: The Failed Merger between Renault and Volvo In 1993, merger talks finally broke down between Renault and Volvo. A merger between the two companies had seemed the inevitable consequence of a number of years of collaboration and the plans seemed well set. Cooperation between the two firms had begun in 1990 when Renault took a 25 per cent share in Volvo cars and a 45 per cent share in their truck division. Volvo, for its part, took a 20 per cent share in Renault. The early collaboration took the form of an exchange of engines, the joint purchasing of components and joint developments in quality control. The cooperative arrangements between the two companies were a constant source of internal criticism, which focused on the highly bureaucratic procedures that had been established. In this sense, a full merger was seen by both parties as the more favourable option. The strategic fit between Renault and Volvo seemed ripe for merger. Volvo had strengths in the large car market, where Renault had consistently failed to make an impact. Renault’s strengths lay in the manufacture of small cars and in diesel technology. In terms of market, Volvo was stronger in Northern Europe and especially North America and Renault had a larger market share in Southern Europe and South America. Both companies were probably too small to survive in a globally competitive volume car market. In Europe and the USA, merger was a route for survival, particularly in the face of increasing...
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...D. MARKETING FACILITIES # 1. PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION FACILITES # 2. MARKETING INTERMEDIARIES # 3. ADVERTING MEDIA # E. INDUSTIRAL STRUCTURE # 1. PROSEPCTIVE INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS # 2. COMPLEMTATY PRODUCT OR SERVICE PROVIDERS # 3. SUBSITUTE PRODUCT PROVIDERS # III. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONDITIONS # A. CULTURAL ANALYSIS # B. PURCHASE BEHAVIOR # C. CONSUMPTION AND EXPENDITURE PATTERNS FOR CONSUMER OR INDUSTIRAL PRODUCTS # IV. DEMOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS # A. CURRENT POPULATION # 1. AGE STRUCTURE, GENDER COMPOSITION, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, POPULATION GROWTH PROJECTION BY AGE AND GENDER # BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES # INTRODUCTION Sweden has developed from...
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...[pic] [pic] [pic] SWEDEN FACTS AND FIGURES (2009 -2010) : Full name : Kingdom of Sweden (Sverige (SE), Ruotsi (FI) ) Capital :Stockholm ( 5 m inhabitants) Major language :Swedish Major religion : Christianity Land Area 449,964 sq.km (173 732 sq miles) Population: 9,3 m (=0,14 % of world´s population) Foreign born inhabitants : 13,8 % Population density: 20 sq. km Life expectancy: Men 80 years , women 84 years Adult literacy: 99% Average per household 2.1 Divorces per1,000 : 2.1 Internet domain : .se International dialing code :+46 Currency : Swedish Krona ( 9, 1310 Kr ~1 €) Parliament: The Riksdag, with 349 members in a single chamber National Day: June 6 Education: Nine years of compulsory schooling, but most pupils continue to the three-year upper secondary school. Around one third go on to higher education at universities and colleges throughout Sweden Working hours: Standard work week is 40 hours, minimum paid vacation is 5 weeks Labor force participation: Men: 74.0 %. Women: 68.3 % Employment (% of total): Agriculture 2%, industry 23%,services 75%,unemployed 9 % Longest north-south distance: 1,574 km Longest east-west distance 499 km Agricultural land: 8 % Forests: 53 % Marshland: 9 % Grasslands: 7 % Bare rocks and mountains: 12 % Lakes and rivers: 9 % Highest mountain: Kebnekaise (2,103 m) Biggest lake: Vänern (5,650 sq km) Natural resources: forest, ore, water power (see even http://www.sweden.se/eng/Home/Quick-facts/Sweden-in-brief/) ...
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...Which impression did the international sales manager make on the purchasing manager? Since the Singaporean was send by the company, he didn’t search for any cultural and business behavior of Swedish, so first he decided to ask for an advisement in how he should behave at the moment of his presentation. Some how he has a clear vision on how he could make it, even do, he didn’t focus in all the points he should take care, but what really stress the decision of the purchasing manager to decide to don’t be part of the purchase was the lack of knowledge of the Singaporean that didn’t take the time of investigate of basic information of the Swedish history or the unselfishness attitude of the sales manager of knowing a little of the Swedish culture. What could the international sales manager have done to avoid the cultural clash? In the case of the international sales manager, he could basically read more about the culture and behavior of Sweden also he could easily be more polite and ask for more information instead of been selfish and doesn’t show more interest of what people want to tell. What could the local purchasing manager have done to avoid the cultural clash? He could easily notice that the sales manager wasn’t prepared since he arrived in the way more Swedish make business, he could ask for someone more prepared or trying to be more polite and ask if the person didn’t want to know about what he was trying to...
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...Sweden Sweden is a Scandinavian country in northern Europe and it borders Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge across the Öresund. Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.5 million people. Sweden is also the 55th largest country in the world. The country has a low population density with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. Sweden’s capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city. Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995. Today, Sweden is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy form of government and a highly developed economy. The year is divided in four distinct seasons’ with mild temperatures throughout the year. Temperatures vary greatly from north to south. The northern part of Sweden has a colder climate and longer winters than the southern part. However, Sweden is much warmer and dryer than many other places at similar latitude. The highest point is the mountain Kebnekaise. Around 65% of Sweden’s total land area is covered with forest. Sweden has 25 landscapes, based on culture, geography and history. The whole country is divided into three large lands, the northern Norrland, the central Svealand and southern Götaland. Gotland, Öland and Orust are Sweden’s three largest islands, and Vänern and Vättern are the largest lakes. Vänern is also the third largest lake in Europe. Children aged 1-5 years...
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...this feeling for you. For me, I was born in Gothenburg, a small, quiet place in Sweden. I had the pleasure of living there for nine years, I never really at the time thought what an amazing place it really is. I’m not trying to say it has everything because it doesn’t - it just feels like home to me. It’s where I was born and raised. When you’re born somewhere and live there for quite a long time, you genuinely start to make a connection with it. It sounds really silly, but if you move country, the connection you had with that place will become a lot more apparent. As if your whole life, your heart is developing a special, strong bond with that place, you just don’t know it until you’re gone. I remember how at the age of seven (when you start school in Sweden), I would take a bus and a train, I loved this, it made me feel really independent, as if my parents had built that faith in me. I felt like I really deserved it, I felt like an adult. It was a total of forty-five minutes journey to school, by myself. At the time, I didn’t think that was a big deal, everyone did that. When all your surroundings have the same routine as you, it’s as if that small, precious thing isn’t really that valued anymore. You start to miss the smallest things you didn’t even consider existed at the time, such as the independence and safety there was in Sweden. People usually don’t like the thought of living in Sweden as they say “it’s too cold”. I never really saw that as a problem, some days...
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...ADDITIONAL NOTES ON CHAPTER 7: LOCAL GOVERNMENT APPOINTMENT OF COUNCILLORS (PART II, SECTION 10 OF LGA 1976) • Local government should headed by a Mayor or a president and assist by between 8 to 24 councillors. • The appointment of mayor/president and councilors are under the authority of state governments. • Majority of the councilors should consists of local resident who have wide experience in local government affairs or have achieved distinction in any profession, commerce and industry, or able to representing the interest of the communities. • The term of office of each councilor should not exceed three years. • However, a councilor shall be eligible for reappointment upon the expiry of term of office TRANSPARENCY & ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT In order to improve transparency and accountability of local governments, the local governments are empowered to take disciplinary actions toward it staff. This power is regulated under Part III section 17 of LGA 1976 which highlights the followings: • A local authority may from time to time make rules for the purpose of maintaining good conduct and discipline among officers and employees • A local authority may impose any punishment upon any officer or employee who is guilty of misconduct or breach of duty in the exercise of his official functions • A local authority may suspend from duty any officer or employee who is accused of misconduct or breach of duty in the exercise of his official functions • If any...
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...ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN SWEDEN Supervisor: Alcina Nunes Students: Ruta Rudokaite and Aiste Sankauskaite Bragança, 2013 Contents Demography and geography 3 Geography 3 Population 4 Language 5 Religion 5 Political, social and legal environment conditions 6 Political Conditions 6 Social conditions 7 Legal environment 8 Economic environment 9 Economic conditions 9 Entrepreneurship conditions 12 Competitiveness indicators 14 Conclusion 17 REFERENCES: 18 Demography and geography Geography Sweden is a northern European country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula, as we can see in Figure 1, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway. Its topography consists mostly of flat or gently rolling lowlands but there are mountains in its western areas near Norway. Figure 1 : Map of Sweden Figure 1 : Map of Sweden As we can see from Table 1 Sweden is really a large country and is the 5th largest in Europe. Sweden also has natural resources (Sweden is currently one of the EU’s leading producers of ores and metals) that makes her stronger compared to other European countries. Rich bowel of land is very important to each country’s economy as well as the whole world economy. Minerals owning countries can increase their exports, economy level and can improve the social status of residents. Of course we have to mention the fact that Sweden has a really big coastline that allows...
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...E-TENDERING REPORT SHEFFIELD HALLAM UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT Module Leader: Module: Project Management e-Tendering Report | An appraisal of e-tendering for Local Authority | Date: 25.02.08Author: Rev: A/001 | Contents 1. General 3 1.1. Introduction 3 1.2. Assumptions 3 2. Executive Summary 4 3. Normative Definition 5 4. Local Authority Benefits 6 4.1. Tangible Benefits 6 Time Reduction 6 Cost Reduction 6 4.2. Intangible Benefits 7 4.2.1. Management of the Tendering Process 7 Standardisation 8 Transparency 8 Dispute Occurrence 8 Security 8 5. Local Authority/Supplier Disadvantages 9 5.1. Procedural Change 9 5.2. Staffing Resources 9 5.3. Staff Training 9 5.4. Material Resources 9 6. Supplier Benefits 10 6.1. Improved Communication 10 6.2. Global Inclusion 10 7. Types of E-Tendering Solutions 11 7.1. Hosted Package 11 7.2. Recommendation 11 8. Method of Implementation 12 9. Appendix 13 9.1. Appendix A- Average Quantity of Tenders 13 9.2. Appendix B- Glossary 13 9.3. Appendix C- In-House Developed Package 14 9.4. Appendix D: Key Performance Indicator Example 14 9.5. Appendix E- Programme of Implementation 0 10. References 16 11. Bibliography 17 General Introduction Jeffreys & Associates have been commissioned by Sheffield Local Authority to address e-tendering as a possible solution to replace the existing traditional...
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...The Baltic Sea is surrounded by nine countries: Denmark, Finland, Norway, Germany, Poland, Sweden, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. Covering 103,000 square kilometers (40,000 square miles), it receives runoff from a massive area covering about 1.6 million square kilometers (630,000 square miles) and containing more than 70 million people. Approximately 15% of the world's industrial production occurs in the sea's basin. The Baltic Sea was a relatively clean body of water before the mid-1960s. Today it is one of the most polluted surface waters in the world. A wide assortment of pollutants sully its waters. They come from factories, sewage treatment plants, agriculture, forestry, and shipping. The Baltic Sea is extremely vulnerable to pollution for other reasons as well. First, its waters tend to stratify Freshwater flowing into the sea from its many tributaries mixes incompletely with the saltwater, forming an upper layer with a slightly lower salt content. The saltier bottom layer is heavier. This stratification tends to reduce exchange between the layers, which results in extremely low oxygen levels in deeper waters. Any factors such as pollution that lower oxygen levels further can have a devastating effect on bottom-dwelling and deep-water sea life. Second, the Baltic's connection with the North Sea is a narrow channel, so it takes about 50 years for the Baltic...
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...Scandinavian Culture: Home Exam Antoine LE GOFF HISTORY BOOK: HOW SWEDEN BECAME SWEDISH Table of Contents Introduction 1 Creation of Sweden and its culture 3 17th - 18th century: Swedish culture is born 3 Göticism and Viking heritage: Foundation of the Swedish culure 3 18th Century: the Enlightenment: a new view of the nation 3 19th Century: National Romanticism 3 20th century: Contemporary History 4 The dissolution of the Union 4 The First World War 4 Wellfare system establishment 4 The Second World War 4 The Cold War 5 European Union and Immigration 5 How Sweden Becam Swedish 6 Welfare State 6 Cultural Policy and Propaganda 7 Multi-culturalism 8 Gender Equality 9 Conclusion 11 Introduction The purpose of this essay is to try to understand the Scandinavian culture. To do this, we have to clarify some concepts, like National Identity, Nationalism, culture and Swedishness, in order to understand the connection between those, and finally expose more easely the following arguments. Those concepts can be seen as pretty dimness and deep, so we have to treat those with caution. In fact, if we start with Nationalism, many theorists tried to counteract the three paradoxes this concept bring : objective modernity vs. subjective antiquity, socio-cultural concept vs. concrete manifestations and 'political' power vs. philosophical poverty. Therefore, we see that Nationalism involve multiple frameworks, like history, culture, social...
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...Competitive Forces Market Size: The market share of Sweden has lot of opportunities for investment in all the sectors. The private sectors have a major chunk which is untouched and which is followed by Retail Trade and manufacturing and construction industry. There is a lot of prospect in manufacturing sector, retail sale of no-durable goods. Top 5 Products exported by Sweden | Refined Petroleum (6.2%), Telephones (5.2%), Packaged Medicaments (4.4%), Cars (3.6%), and Vehicle Parts (3.3%) | Top 5 Products imported by Sweden | Crude Petroleum (7.9%), Cars (4.8%), Refined Petroleum (4.0%), Vehicle Parts (3.4%) and Telephones (2.4%) | Top 5 Export destinations of Sweden | Germany (9.9%), United Kingdom (6.7%), Denmark (6.7%), Norway (6.7%) and United States (6.3%) | Top 5 Import origins of Sweden | Germany (18%), Denmark (7.9%), Norway (7.4%), Netherlands (6.2%), and United Kingdom (5.9%) | Sweden is ranked 2nd with an Economic Complexity Index (ECI) of 1.98292 Sweden has direct competition with Finland and Denmark. Competitive Country: Finland Finland provides an environment for business through its financial aiding and has policies which aid the work flow. The education level is being raised in Finland to become a technological and innovation based platform for business enterprise. There is a huge skilled workforce who is ready...
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...com/x2hhkygf3wjl/absolut-vodka/ http://www.jgbm.org/page/9%20Etienne%20Musonera%20.pdf HISTORY Absolut was established in 1879 by Lars Olsson Smith and is produced in Åhus, Sweden. Smith introduced fractional distillation that produces liquor without fusel alcohol in Sweden in 1877, under the name "Tiodubbelt Renadt Brännvin" (Tenfold Purified Vodka). Brännvin literally means "burn-wine" and is analogous to the German "Branntwein". The term is also used in Norwegian, Danish and Icelandic.[citation needed] ("Vodka" was not used for Swedish liquor until 1958, with the potato-based Explorer Vodka.) The name was changed to "Absolut Rent Brännvin" (Absolutely Pure Vodka) by Smith to market his much improved product. [1] Smith challenged the city of Stockholm's liquor marketing monopoly with his vodka. It was sold at a lower price than the monopoly's product, just outside the city border. Smith even offered free boat rides to the distillery and "Rent Brännvin" made Smith a fortune.[1] In 1917, the alcohol industry in Sweden was monopolized by the Swedish government. Vodka was then sold nationwide under the name "Absolut Rent Brännvin". The name changed with intervals, Renat Brännvin or Absolut Rent Brännvin. In 1979, the old name Absolut was picked up when the upper-price range ABSOLUT VODKA was introduced. Renat is still a euphemism for spirits in Sweden, and the name of another vodka product by Vin & Sprit.[1] Absolut Vodka was introduced to the global market in 1979. Since its launch, Absolut has...
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...1. Marianne Barner should accept the invitation and ask for a chance to present IKEA’s view of child labor on the broadcast. Facing the crisis directly rather than escaping the problem is a smart way to solve the crisis. She should use this broadcast to transfer anti child labor message to the public for IKEA and defeat the accusing from the German media face to face. Especially after inspecting India, Nepal and Pakistan, Barner grabbed first hand information to reveal how deep this socioeconomic problem embeds in these countries. She also should announce all the efforts IKEA makes on this issue, such as an anti child labor clause in the supply contract, a third party monitor system to child labor practices at the suppliers in India and Pakistan, and an action of joining the Regmark to deal with the child labor problem on products from India. 2. Barner should stop the business with Rangan Exports according to the anti child labor clause in the contract. This action will be a strong symbol to clarify IKEA’s stand on the child labor issue. It will help IKEA win trusts from the public. Learning from the incidence happened in 1980s, which caused IKEA lost 20% business in Denmark, IKEA should realize how important a positive publicity is to IKEA’s business. A positive social image is the foundation of companies dealing with B2C business. On the other hand, stopping contract with Rangan Exports is also a serious example to educate the other suppliers in India or other...
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