...The goal of this essay is to discuss the importance of culture, the job, and organisational context in determining whether wage compression and symbolic egalitarianism are best. Pfeffer (2005) argues for wage compression and symbolic egalitarianism as two of thirteen management practices that lead to superior organisational performance, and the rationale and validity of his argument will be assessed in line with the work of Hofstede as applied to studies of multinational corporations. Pfeiffer’s arguments will be shown to be of limited application contingent on the context they are being applied to. Symbolic egalitarianism is a conscious strategic decision within the organisation to remove symbols of hierarchy and the differential valuing of employees. This can include decisions such as moving managers from their offices to open plan areas, reducing or removing tiers of titular status, or status symbols attached to seniority or role. Pfeffer argues symbolic egalitarianism signals equality and improves communications, it “diminishes ‘us’ versus ‘them’ thinking” [ (Pfeffer, 2005, p. 101) ] which he believes creates a more collaborative environment with better information flow and cooperation due to the hierarchical barriers between employees and managers being removed. Organisations make a strategic choice in their remuneration and reward programs to enforce either hierarchical or egalitarian culture. Egalitarian systems allow earnings to increase without employees having...
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...profile - Primrose (or Primula vulgaris) is native to western and southern Europe, north-west Africa and south-east Asia. It is a delicately scented, pretty, pale yellow flower with five petals. Primrose flowers in the early spring and is one of the first flowers to bloom; it grows in open woods and shaded hedgerows. Primrose symbolism – Although fairly similar, different cultures have their own symbolic meanings for the primrose plant. The Victorian interpretation of primrose was quite superstitious; like when bringing the primrose plant into your house if you have more or less than thirteen flowers it was believed to be bad luck. It was also a symbol for bashfulness, inconsistency, young love, neglected merit and also says I can’t live without you when given as a gift. Whereas in Norse folklore it was much more related to the gods, since it is the sacred flower of ‘Freya goddess of love’ and all that she enraptures, in Norse culture it also represents the woman and the petals on the blossom stood for various stages of life. Although those two cultures have their own specialized symbolic meaning for Primrose, the plant has some quite generalised meanings throughout lots of cultures such as love, patience, kindness, gentleness belonging and nurturing. Herbalism and medicinal uses – Primrose is a very versatile plant and is used not only as an ornamental flower but is also edible and has many medicinal uses. The leaves and flowers of...
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...Professor Thomas C. Foster Notes by Marti Nelson 1. Every Trip is a Quest (except when it’s not): a. A quester b. A place to go c. A stated reason to go there d. Challenges and trials e. The real reason to go—always self-knowledge 2. Nice to Eat With You: Acts of Communion a. Whenever people eat or drink together, it’s communion b. Not usually religious c. An act of sharing and peace d. A failed meal carries negative connotations 3. Nice to Eat You: Acts of Vampires a. Literal Vampirism: Nasty old man, attractive but evil, violates a young woman, leaves his mark, takes her innocence b. Sexual implications—a trait of 19th century literature to address sex indirectly c. Symbolic Vampirism: selfishness, exploitation, refusal to respect the autonomy of other people, using people to get what we want, placing our desires, particularly ugly ones, above the needs of another. 4. If It’s Square, It’s a Sonnet 5. Now, Where Have I Seen Her Before? a. There is no such thing as a wholly original work of literature—stories grow out of other stories, poems out of other poems. b. There is only one story—of humanity and human nature, endlessly repeated c. “Intertexuality”—recognizing the connections between one story and another deepens our appreciation and experience, brings multiple layers of meaning to the text, which we may not be conscious of. The more consciously aware we are, the more alive the text...
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...No other woman From my perspective, this movie itself is a culture based because culture appeared from a long time ago. We keep on talking with our emotions and expressing our ideas to one another. This is similar to one of our culture in our own country. No matter transmission or ritual, they are both related. We communicate through culture and the world is changing so fast. We have to catch up the stage so that we won’t left behind. It’s true that we filipinos are naturally fond of watching movies where we base our life, Filipinos are truly one of the most cheerful and optimistic people in the world. We love to laugh, share jokes and make fools of ourselves all in the spirit of fun. We find humor in almost every situation no matter how dire or depressing it is. Even in the midst of poverty, you can still see the smiles on the faces of the little kids playing on the streets or witness the animated expressions of the men and women gathered together sharing stories in their tambayan. Humor even finds its way into politics, the historical impeachment trial of Chief Justice Renato Corona has had its share of quite a number of funny and dramatic moments. In every aspect of our daily lives, we can always make the best of any situation and turn it into a fun circumstance. And it’s this natural hopefulness that gets us through the different problems we encounter every day. In good and bad times, in sickness and health, we are counted on laughters , dramas , tears...
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...Bob Bobson M. Newell English 102 January 24, 2001 The Slipper of Discord: An Analysis of the Symbolic Meaning of the Glass Slipper in Cinderella In Cinderella, by having the glass slipper the means through which the Prince choses his bride, a slipper symbolically associated exclusively with a particular conception of beauty, Disney encourages women to submit to the painful and confining beauty ideal to permit the continuation of male empowerment. To begin the slipper’s inherent beauty stems from its conceptual design with its elegant arch, delicate heel as well as the material used to create it, clear glass befitting a rare, crystal vase. Moreover, its clearness permits Cinderella to expose her similarly delicate and dainty foot, a quality long associated with beauty especially in Oriental cultures. Created out of glass, the slipper stands as a signifier for the ambivalent notion of beauty proposed by a masculinist culture - epitomized by the phallic towers of the castle - at the heart of the tale, a culture that permits the Prince to select his bride based solely on beauty. Therefore, more specifically, the slipper, in a sense, represents the pain associated with beauty. Encased in the fragile glass and perched upon a thin spiked heel, Cinderella’s foot suffers pain. Moreover, should this fragile glass crack, the splinters would sever her tender flesh exposed for all its beauty by the transparent glass....
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...Virtually every human activity – ranging from obtaining an education to starting a family – is carried out within an organization. According to Bolman and Deal, everyone unconsciously forms frames or mental models which they use to understand and negotiate the organizations that they belong to. These frames can be compared to tools; using the right tool correctly speeds up an activity while using the wrong tool may get in the way and cause complications. The Bolman and Deal model suggests that all organizations can be analyzed through the structural, human resource, political and symbolic frames. The structural frame revolves around roles, policies and technology environment of the organization. The human resource frame focuses on the needs, skill and relationship between the people and the organization. The political frame focuses on power, conflict and competition within the organization while the symbolic frame deals with the organization’s culture, rituals and symbols. Although the frames offer distinct viewpoints, I think they sometimes can and should be combined to gain a more complete overview of the organization. Teamwork is a very important concept to many organizations today and the Bolman and Deal model considers teamwork from different frames. The model defines a team as a small number of people with complementary skills who have a common purpose and a set of performance goals (111). While the structural frame proposes that the success of a team depends on the way it...
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...A. Denmark I. Introduction Denmark is an egalitarian society, this means that all people should be treated with the same dignity or be regarded as possessing the same intrinsic qualities despite their societal diversity of race, religion, sex etc. Interestingly this reflects in their language, which employs gender-neutral words. In addition, Denmark has the highest percentage of women in the labor market in Europe, with close to 80 percent of women being employed. They are highly respected in business and generally receive equal pay as men. To continue, women also have access to senior positions and can easily arrange flexible hours which make it possible for them to maintain both a career and a family. Before analyzing the different legislations in Denmark concerning women’s business rights, we will first discuss the concept of gender equality. II. Minister for Gender Equality Since July 1, 1999 Denmark has a minister for gender equality. He is responsible for the Government's overall activities in the field of gender equality and co-ordinates the equality work of other ministries. Gender equality between women and men has always been a general principle and objective of Danish policy. Changing governments have continuously worked to review and improve the quality of legislation and other legally binding rules to achieve gender equality between women and men. Today, women and men in Denmark share the same formal rights, obligations and opportunities...
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...INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM Due to our recent acquisition of EnviroTech, many organizational changes will occur to ensure a seamless transition. This merger coupled with our progressive policies, will give InterClean the strategic advantage to expand. Responsibility will be placed on our supervisory team to successfully integrate employees into our new system. Intensive structural changes, training and evaluations ensure that our organizational structure is aligned with this vision. In response to the anticipated changes and potential challenges, it is my responsibility to explain the considerable impact you, as first-level managers, have on the way employees behave. Exhibiting proper behavior is important and impacts productivity, profit increases, and employee attitude regarding the quality of work life. Supervisory cooperation is necessary to promote high-performance work practices, maintain diversity, equal employment opportunities and fair treatment for employees. Management Behavior Managers must utilize available resources to enhance productivity, quality of work life, and profit by enabling employees to utilize their talents and maximize their usefulness. Managers have considerable impact on employee behavior by influencing their actions and attitudes. Research states that critical factors for business success are (1) recruiting and retaining skilled employees, (2) increasing customer satisfaction, and (3) employing and developing leaders (Clark, 2004). High-performance...
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...JUSTICE The world is full of inequalities and these inequalities defer from country to country. Some children are born into rich families and they get all what it needs to prosper in life. Others are also born into poor families and it even becomes difficult for them to survive. This situation is a matter of luck. We are not responsible for the social or economic class or country into which we are born. Some inequalities are deliberately imposed. Some are not because of bad luck but it is our societies or people that make it so. Racism and sexual discrimination are typical examples of inequalities that are imposed our societies or people and they are unfair. Fairness requires that opportunities should be open to those who qualify for it and it is clearly a good thing when government tries to enforce such equality of opportunities. But it is harder to deal with inequalities that arise in our ordinary events without deliberate racial ore sexual discrimination because even if equal opportunities are given to people without racial or sexual discrimination it will still come to the fact that it is only the rich who could afford these opportunities like good school, better health care and the like. Even with people of the same native talent, when a system of equality of opportunity is given, some people will have a head start and will end up with greater benefits than others. Differences in native talent will also produce big difference in the resulting benefits in a competitive system...
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...handled only the household area and they have been restricted to go outside for earning money but due to globalization, the role of women have been changed and women are being capable to work in all areas like economical, business, political, social and many more with same responsibilities and duties like men. Nowadays, “Gender Equality” is one of the debatable issues. Gender equality means men and women get equal importance, value, rights, treatments, positions and opportunities irrespective of their gender. Gender equality is obtained when people are being capable of getting equal awards, benefits, means, freedom, scope and chance nevertheless even if they are men or women. In the latest era, most of the countries in the world have shaped symbolic development in the direction of gender equality. The main purpose of gender equality is to obtain just identical results for both male and female and not the uniform results for all human beings in the workplace. Due to all these reasons and to control the situations, the Workplace Gender Equality Act 2012 is established and enforced. The Australian Government introduced legislation into parliament in March 2012 to retain and improve the Equal Opportunity for women in the Workplace (EOWW) Act and Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency. The EOWW Amendment Bill successfully passed through Parliament on 22 November 2012. The new act is called the Workplace Gender...
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...ECR Distribution of income is the equality of income that is distributed among households in the economy, so that people who are getting paid more, pay more for their taxes and that makes the people who are getting paid less feel better and the government. The government is interested in reducing poverty through redistribution of income so that the poor are not as poor and the rich are not as rich and to redistribute this slowly the percentage of poverty could decrease over time. There are different ways the government redistribute income and reduce poverty, I have already mentioned a method in beginning, through taxes, taxes can be used to redistribute income to the poor, taking more from the rich and taking less from the poor. By taking more from the rich, the government uses tax money to fund many different programs, including some that target poverty and inequality. Another method would be welfare and unemployment benefits, welfare can provide money to people with very low incomes. This is the option that gives the recipients the most leeway when deciding how to use their benefits. Unemployment benefits can give a monetary cushion to workers who are unable to find jobs, and, like welfare, are also in the form of money. One more method would be in-kind transfers and housing subsidies, in-kind transfers can give essential goods, like coupons, to the poor. Housing subsidies give the poor money to obtaining decent housing, since rent and upkeep make up a large portion of spending...
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...Gender, equality, poverty and economic growth Gender equality in third world countries still remains poor in comparison to other well-developed countries. Third World Countries with religious subjectivity, rural factors and civic liberties are contributing to a gender gap in education and income possibilities of women in these countries (Sen, 2009). What these countries must realize is that women are the key to the global economic recovery of their countries. Unlocking the potential of women by narrowing the gender gap is the key to developing a Third World Countries economic efficiency. More and more women in third world countries are realizing that education is a key development in their lives, households and economies. Many of the women feel that gender equality when it comes to education is important in its own right (Sen, 2009). One of those women who advocate this education equality principle is Nobel Peace Prize winner and Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sir Leaf who strongly believes that education should be a right for both men and women. When asked about public resources in Liberia she went onto explain that her country is learning that changes in educational policies must occur in order to facilitate economic growth in their country. She stated that, “policies reflect equal opportunity, equity and allocation of public resources is not directed toward an elitist group and favorite few.” She claims that education should be a right of passage for everyone...
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.......1 Introduction......................................................................................................................1 Brief Summary.................................................................................................................1-3 A Critical Interaction........................................................................................................3-6 Conclusion........................................................................................................................7 Bibliography.....................................................................................................................8 THESIS My view on ministry has roots in both complementarianism as well as egalitarianism. It is my goal to show how these two views have led to my understanding of women in ministry in association with the review of Two Views on Women in Ministry. INTRODUCTION The debate of women in ministry is ongoing. This is one that has divided some churches and is split between two views. There have been a number of studies testing the ideology of women in leadership positions in the church or if they should be allowed to use their gifts equally as men. In the opening of the book the author highlights that this book is actually the second edition of his original work. In his introduction Beck points to the introduction of his work and how this edition seeks to evaluate...
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...Merrit Duke History of American Women May 27, 2015 Equality: Too Much to Ask For? The Equal Rights Amendment has been the source of much debate for almost an entire century now. Since first purposed by Alice Paul in the 1920s one’s stance on the potential amendment has been a dividing factor in the political sphere. Though the amendment was shut down in the 1920s there has been discussion about adding the Equal Rights Amendment into the constitution today. If the potential amendment was to be brought back up my stance on the debate would be in support of the amendment. For some background on the debate on the Equal Rights Amendment it would be good to look back and see where activists in the past were split and what about the Equal Rights Amendment has divided them. The Antebellum era gave two different types of women activists, the true women and the Early Feminists. The True Women argued for gender distinctions, separate spheres, domesticity, and women as moral guardians in their natural role as a mother. The True Women would be the women who be apposed to the Equal Rights Amendment and would be active in the fight against it. Arguing against the True Women were the Early Feminists who stressed gender equality, suffrage for women, equal education, human rights, and saw women as rational beings. This group of activists would be in support of the Equal Rights Amendment. Next would be the Progressive era where the two parties in the debate would be the Early Feminists and...
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...Additional Tools, Techniques and Dilemmas This document includes the cases and articles listed below in italics. You may find some of the principles described in the articles useful in doing your analysis of the cases. Velasquez, Distributive Justice Rich Dead, Poor Dead Kelo vs. City of New London _____________________________________________________________________________ Distributive Justice Manuel Velasquez Questions of distributive justice arise when different people put forth conflicting claims on society's benefits and burdens and all the claims cannot be satisfied. The central cases are those where there is a scarcity of benefits such as jobs, food, housing, medical care, income, and wealth-as compared to the numbers and the desires of the people who want these goods. Or (the other side of the coin) there may be too many burdens - unpleasant work, drudgery, substandard housing, health injuries of various sorts-and not enough people willing to shoulder them. If there were enough goods to satisfy everyone's desires and enough people willing to share society's burdens, then conflicts between people would not arise and distributive justice would not be needed. When people's desires and aversions exceed the adequacy of their resources, they are forced to develop principles for allocating scarce benefits and undesirable burdens in ways that are just and that resolve the conflicts in a fair way. The development of such principles is the concern of distributive...
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