...The SNS, which in partnership with the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) make up the Autonomic Nervous System, is also responsible for shutting down many unnecessary systems for the time being. The SNS shuts down what is not an essential part of the immune system, it stops producing saliva, it stops performing many of the parts of digestion, and it decreases the urine output. All of these systems that are shut down are only shut down temporarily, and almost never in total capacity. In addition, in preparation for the task ahead of him, Jim’s body signals that it should start converting more glycogen into glucose, essentially that it should start converting stored energy into excess energy, causing his blood glucose levels to rise. One minute after starting the race, Jim’s heart is beating heavily, he is breathing quickly and forcibly, he is sweating, his muscles hurt, and his temperature has risen. These symptoms are Jim’s body’s response to a minute of vigorous...
Words: 634 - Pages: 3
...stagnation. d. shame and doubt. Which of the following conclusions is most appropriate regarding the relationship between hostility and coronary heart disease? Select one: a. Coronary heart disease causes hostility. b. Hostile individuals have greater risk of heart disease than non-hostile people. c. Hostility causes coronary heart disease. d. Biological pre-disposition causes hostility, which in turn causes coronary heart disease. You have just encountered a snake on your walk through the bush. Your body automatically mobilises itself for action in the ______ stage of the general adaptation syndrome. Select one: a. exhaustion b. alarm c. coping d. resistance Which of the following is controlled by the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system? Select one: a. All of these b. Increased heart rate c. Secretion of adrenaline/epinephrine d. Pupil dilation According to Piaget, which of the following is a feature of the pre-operational period? Select one: a. The pre-operational stage of development extends from...
Words: 790 - Pages: 4
...adrenaline is responsible for increasing the heart rate and faster breathing and the dry mouth is linked to the digestive system ‘shutting down’. 2. What does figure 1 tell you about the relationship between stress and illness? The graph (figure 1) shows that there is a positive correlation between stress and illness. Also it shows that the more stress a person has, the more days off work they take due to illness. 2b. Outline one strength and one weakness of using correlation on stress research. Strength: Weakness: Strength: can study relationship between variables that occur naturally. Can measure things that cannot be manipulated experimentally. Can suggest trends that can lead to experiments. Weakness: It is not possible to say that one thing causes another. Just because there is a correlation between stress scores and days off it does not mean that stress caused people to take days off work, or there may be another variable connecting them. Elaboration through the use of an appropriate example can also receive credit. Any other appropriate answer can get credit. One mark for a brief outline of strength/limitation and a further mark for elaboration. For example, cannot say one thing causes another (1 mark) there may be a third variable that connects the two (2nd mark for elaboration.) 3. Outline the pituitary-adrenal system. The pituitary adrenal system is the way the hypothalamus connects with the pituitary gland which causes t to release ACTH. The hormone is then found...
Words: 381 - Pages: 2
...William Mertz Positive Effects on Students who get Good Sleep Everyone has heard at some point in their lives, the importance of getting good quality sleep. The concept of the importance of sleep among college students has been established, but what exactly does it mean for the individual student? A student getting good sleep (amount plus quality) will undoubtedly cause great affects among and beyond the scope of grades a student gets. Getting good sleep can lead to a less stressful life, to have the feeling of the ability to take on all of the new changes and challenges that college students face through their four or so years. Piggybacking off of the stress factor is the general healthier lives that also come with students getting those good sleep nights. Much can change for a student who gets good sleep. The research compiled from the 25 college students surveyed found that 96 percent understand that getting good sleep is important and that 72 percent would be open to suggestions on how to improve sleep habits. After this, it would be expected that the 72 percent of people willing to change would go up due to all of the great affects of good sleep. Academics There has always been a perceived notion that sleep is very important, especially right before a big test. Multiple studies have already been conducted throughout the years of this and they have all found a positive correlation between students that get more sleep have better test scores (considering all else...
Words: 1270 - Pages: 6
...STRESS - we all have it, we all feel, but just how important is it? How much does stress influence our daily lives? How much does stress influence our lives long-term? Can stress Kill us? Is it all bad? I. BACKGROUND In 1925 a second year medical student named Hans Selye observed that people suffering from a wide variety of somatic (physical) disorders all seemed to have the same or similar symptoms. For example, many of these people reported: decreased appetite, decreased muscular strength and endurance, and lowered levels of ambition or drive. Selye, unable to find a common disease or disorder to explain these behaviors, called this group of symptoms, the SYNDROME OF JUST BEING SICK. In addition, he found that these symptoms occurred whenever: the human organism needed to adapt to a changing internal or external environment. This was the first observation and identification that eventually led to the term STRESSAt first, Selye defined STRESS as, a nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it. Even this initial definition implies that not all stress is a result of "bad" things happening to us. Later, his JUST BEING SICK syndrome evolved into the GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME which he defined as, the physiological processes and results of stress. From this, we get a modern, more comprehensive definition of STRESS: a psychological and physical response of the body that occurs whenever we must adapt to changing conditions, whether those conditions be real...
Words: 1997 - Pages: 8
...FUNDAMENTALS // Let’s Be Clear: How to Manage Communication Styles With all the talk about diversity and the ever-sopopular “four generations in the workplace,” it’s time for training professionals to not only focus their efforts on employees’ physical differences, but on their communication styles as well. By Jada Edmondson There are four basic communication styles: expressive, systematic, sympathetic, and direct. Our communication styles affect how others’ react to and perceive us. Knowing your communication style and knowing how to manage others’ communication styles can reduce conflict, increase productivity, and improve teamwork in the workplace. 30 | T+D | SEPTEMBER 2009 Generally, diversity training and seminars about generational differences seek to increase cultural awareness, reduce conflict, and promote teamwork. Being aware of cultural and generational differences can improve employee productivity, enhance the work environment, and contribute toward greater understanding of one another. Knowing how to adapt their communication styles to complement someone else’s style will enable employees to sustain productivity and create a harmonious work environment. Furthermore, recognizing your communication style can help you to understand how your actions are perceived by others. Centuries ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates studied people’s personality types. Instead of using basic terms that today’s researchers associate ...
Words: 1078 - Pages: 5
...Filipino Male culture. By presenting its protagonist as "victim" rather than heroine of this value system, the text subverts it. Reflecting on her virginal state, Miss Mijares does so "with a mixture of shame and bitterness and guilt" The story's eroticism is heightened by the lyrical, almost cadenced language. (The eroticism is quite explicit for it's time, and the foregrounding of a woman's sexulity is also rather in advance of its time.) But the use of symbolism is a bit too obvious--the paperweight, the dream of being lost, the jeepney's detour, the storm. Miss Mijares is a dutiful daughter, sacrificing herself, in this case, for a sick mother, and becoming a spinster, a pathetic figure, her sternness of manner and abruptness of speech, disguise for an aching loneliness. Referring to her as "Miss Mijares" underlines her primmness, as well as her distance from the carpenter. She is slim and frail-looking, which contrasts with the carpenter's physical streghth and size. The carpenter has a certain grace, poise, confidence "walking with an economy of movement, graveful and light, a man who knew his body and used it well", which comes from being easy in his skin, which Miss Mijares, decidedly, is not. Miss Mijares' over reaction to the discovery that the carpenter has fathered a child by a woman he is not married to reveals the extent of her acquiescence to the system--moral, social, etc. Discovering that he has "feet of clay," she suddenly notices everything else...
Words: 365 - Pages: 2
...Candace J. Harbert Case Scenario Stress Describe at least three physiological stress reactions Kyle is likely experiencing: The physiological changes taking place within the body are almost identical for both positive and negative stressors. The stress response begins in the brain and a number of structures, including the pituitary gland, go on alert. The battle against the stressor is referred to as the fight-or-flight response. The response is really a conflict because you are forced to choose between struggling with the stressor or fleeing from the scene. One of the physiological stress reactions Kyle is likely experiencing is increased adrenaline productions. As the body readies itself for the emergency situation, it increases its output of adrenaline as a physiological response to stress. The second reactions that may result is, increase in heart rate and blood pressure. The third reaction could be slowed digestion. These stress responses are meant to temporarily improve chance of surviving a physical threat to your safely, but becomes dangerous to your health if activated for prolonged periods of time. Describe at least three psychological stress reactions Kyle is likely experiencing: Psychological stress can cause physical illness such as infection or injury. It is our mind that leads to certain psychological effects of stress. Three psychological reactions he can be experiencing is depression, feeling overwhelmed and feeling of powerlessness. He could be feeling...
Words: 479 - Pages: 2
...Your question concerning strategies for dealing with fear and nervousness when giving an oral presentation is a common one. It’s actually okay to be a little nervous in a situation such as this—a little adrenalin actually helps your overall performance. Fortunately, though, there are many things you can do to overcome this uncomfortable feeling. Here are a few: * Smile! When you appear relaxed, comfortable, and friendly, your audience will respond in kind. * Confess that you are a little nervous. This vulnerability helps your audience be sympathetic to you (and your presentation). * Remember to breathe, slowly and deeply. This will help control any trembling that you may notice in your hands and voice. * Be prepared. This will give you more confidence, and take away any nervousness associated with that aspect of your presentation, at least. Practice your speech in front of a mirror, as cheesy as that sounds. * Speak slowly and make use of natural pauses. There is a natural tendency to panic and rush through in a situation such as this—try to overcome that and pace yourself. For organizing the content of your speech, keep the following in mind: * Begin with an introduction (which, just as with a paper, you may actually wish to write last) * Capture the audience’s attention with a funny story, a question, or a startling statistic. * State your purpose—for example: “I’m going to talk about…” * Give a brief outline of your talk—for...
Words: 496 - Pages: 2
...unhealthy feelings, or thoughts. Anger may also encourage you to find resolutions to problems, or troubles you may have. However, too much anger may create problems like, increased blood pressure and other physical adjustments that are linked with anger, making it harder to think straight and damage your physical and mental health. Anger is “an emotional state that varies in intensity from mild irritation to intense fury and rage.”-Charles Spielberger, PhD. Like other emotions, anger comes along with psysiological and biological changes. When a person gets angry, their heartrate and blood pressure go up, along with their levels of energy hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline (a hormone that is released by the adrenal medulla and by the sympathetic nerves and functions as a neurotransmitter). Anger is different from other emotions by the way it is expressed and handled by a person. Anger is an emotion that most look at as “inappropriate” and “bad” to express. Anger can be caused by both external and internal events. You could be angry at a specific person (such as a coworker or supervisor) or event (a traffic jam, a canceled flight), or your anger could be caused by worrying or brooding about your personal problems. Memories of traumatic or enraging events can also trigger angry feelings. 2. What are the common triggers of anger? Who is most likely to experience frequent anger? Anger can be triggered by a specific person, event, or anger could be caused by worrying or brooding...
Words: 412 - Pages: 2
...FIGHT OR FLIGHT EXAMPLES: Situation 1: You walk into class a few moments late, only to find everyone putting books and notes away- preparing for a test you did not realise had been scheduled for today. Your heart seems to stop, your mouth is dry, your knees feel weak and you momentarily consider hurrying back out the door. Your life is not really in danger, and running away will not solve your problem—so why should you feel a physical urge to escape? Situation 2: At a meeting for which you have thoroughly prepared, the boss criticises you and accuses you of failing to attend to tasks that were, in reality, someone else’s responsibility. As all eyes turn on you, you feel your face getting hot, your jaw tightening, and your fist clenching. You would not shout or hit anyone—doing so would only make things worse. But you feel like shouting or striking out. These two scenarios illustrate the two poles of the fight-or-flight response, a sequence of internal processes that prepares the aroused organism for struggle or escape. It is triggered when we interpret a situation as threatening. The resulting response depends on how the organism has learned to deal with threat, as well as on an innate fight-or-flight “program” built into the brain. Situation 1: You walk into class a few moments late, only to find everyone putting books and notes away- preparing for a test you did not realise had been scheduled for today. Your heart seems to stop, your mouth is dry, your knees feel weak...
Words: 874 - Pages: 4
...responsible and sympathetic person, however, I am a self-centered person as well who may have made enemies with a lot of people. I am a pretty responsible person and I do what I am supposed to do. As now, I am a student in school, therefore I do my homework every single day and study for what I have learned at home. I also pay attention in class most of the time as well. Besides that, I organize my work as well. At home, I am a child, so I respect my parents and help them to do house works, such as doing laundries and washing dishes. I clean my room once a week as well because that is my responsibility as being a child. I also help out friends and classmates when they need help. I give out advices and suggestions to them when they need support and help as well. Generally, I can say that I am a responsible person who does my duties. Besides being a responsible person, I am also a person who is sympathetic. I have been a sympathetic person when I was really young. For example, when I walk on the street and saw some handicapped people or vagrants, I would help them by giving them money or whatever things that I can do for them to have a better living. When I see animals without a home, I feel sorry for them and I might buy some food for them to eat. I used to donate money to the charities for orphans with my family as well. I feel sympathetic to many people in the world and therefore I do something to help them have a better living. Even though I am a sympathetic person, however...
Words: 377 - Pages: 2
...Relaxation Strategies: Benefits of Yoga and Meditation in Relation to Stress Katherine I. Sharp Nova Southeastern University Relaxation Strategies Stress is a condition in response to a physical threat or psychological distress that triggers the body’s adaptive stress response which involves the physiological arousal of various body systems that may suffer from negative consequences depending on the duration and course of the stress reaction. The result of such a response to stress is physiological support for the body’s fight-or-flight response that includes an increase in heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol (Greenberg, 2013). As a part of the adaptive response to stress, various body systems such as the autonomic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and immune systems may be affected (McEwen, Stellar, 1993). Research has shown that chronic stress is related to an increased risk of the development of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, coronary heart disease, tension headaches, migraine headaches, backache, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and ulcers. “Given the negative impact of stress at intrapersonal and somatic level, it is important for healthcare professionals to master a repertoire of stress management techniques” (Varvogli, 2011, p. 75). Yoga Yoga is an old Indian practice that fosters mental and physical awareness creating a mind-body connection that allows one to engage in conscious breathing coupled with...
Words: 2335 - Pages: 10
...12148725 Date: 19/02/16 Lab 3: The Effect of Exercise on the Human Cardiovascular System Introduction: During exercise there is an increased demand for energy. The metabolic processes involved in the production of ATP require oxygen. As a result there is an increase in oxygen consumption and an increase in the production of carbon dioxide as a waste product. As the body produces more carbon dioxide there is a greater need to expel this excess carbon dioxide. In order to fulfil this function there is an increase in respiratory activity. This increase in respiratory activity leads to an increase in cardiovascular activity. The primary role of the heart is to pump oxygenated blood throughout the body. When exercising the skeletal muscles require more oxygen to aid in metabolic processes and the heart has to beat harder and faster to ensure the muscles have sufficient oxygen. The aims and objectives of this practical experiment were to record the effects of exercise or work on cardiovascular parameters and to record the effects of exercise on body temperature. The cardiovascular parameters measured in this lab include, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), duration of the PR segment and RR interval. Materials and Methods: The materials and methods were followed as per EQ4058 Equine Exercise Physiology Practical Manual, Lab 4 the Effect of Exercise on the Human Cardiovascular System. Results: Table 1 shows the results obtained when group b measured the cardiovascular...
Words: 2588 - Pages: 11
...This essay will define stress and stressors. It will also explain the how stress can affect an individuals and outline and evaluate the at least two models of stress. It will explore how stress can be measured and outline and evaluate two models of stress and stressors. Stress is a pressure or force exerted on an object according to engineers and physicians (Gross r,Mcilveen r and Cooligan2000). Lazarus and folkman (1984) define stress as “a pattern of negative physiological states and psychological response occurring in a situation where people perceive threats to their well-being which they may be unable to meet” (Grossr,Mcilveen r and Cooligan 2000). There are different views of stress. Stress as a “stimulus” which means it is applied to the person or stressor and it is in the environment. This relates to the engineering model of stress identified by Cox (1978)(blackboard).secondly stress is seen as a “response”, the body identifies stress as a reaction made within the body(Blackboard).Selye 1956 defines stress as “the non-specific response of the body to any demands made upon it” this relates to the physiological model of stress(Blackboard). Finally stress is viewed as an interaction, in this view stress is seen as a transaction between environment and the individual and this relates to the “transactional model of stress” (Blackboard). The ability to cope with stress and the meaning people give to stressors will define the stress experienced (Blackboard).How people react...
Words: 2707 - Pages: 11
