...Disagree 1 2 3 4 5 Agree 6. I have learned the material well using the system. Disagree 1 2 3 4 5 Agree 7. I could have learned the material more effectively using a book. Disagree 1 2 3 4 5 Agree 8. I always know how well I am doing. Disagree 1 2 3 4 5 Agree PART II: Comparing both systems: Which system (choose 1) was most: Helpful to use A B Efficient to use A B Enjoyable to use A B Please add any comments you have about either system: Question: Design an experiment to test whether adding color coding to an interface will improve accuracy. Identify your hypothesis, participant group, dependent and independent variables, experimental design, task and analysis approach??? The following is only an example of the type of experiment that might be devised. Participants Taken from user population. Hypothesis Color coding will...
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...Stylistic syntax 1. General considerations The object of stylistic analysis on syntactic level is sentence. Within the domain of syntax stylistics deals with the following crucial problems: 1) the stylistic potential of syntactic units of different structural design, semantic characteristics and communicative types; 2) the syntactic synonymy, i.e. the peculiarities of rendering of one and the same logical content by syntactic units with different structure, functional characteristics, expressive colouring and connotations; 3) description of syntactical expressive means and stylistic devices. Owing to its constructive nature, syntax is considered to have more perceptible stylistic power (when compared with morophological and lexical level) because it embraces the expressive potential of morphology and vocabulary. Syntax is the structural basis of any utterance and text: the process of nomination and metaphorization, logical and figurative, emotional, expressive and poetic colouring of the words, language imagery and symbolism, specific figures of speech, new coinages and at last the individual speaker’s creativity are actualized only on the level of syntax, and, having been melted into a completed unity, can fulfill its communicative purpose. Thus the importance of syntax for stylistic analysis is hard to overestimate. It is syntax that fixes the stylistic aspect of any text. Syntax, alongside with other stylistic elements (phonetic, morphological, lexical) that secure utterance...
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...A Grammatical Analysis in Three Secrets to Academic Success What will readers do after reading a writing style? There are many things that readers may do after reading a writing style, such as making judgments, and thinking about how information might be used in the future. Analysis is also an important thing that a good reader done. People can analysis about the author’s ideas, techniques, and patterns in the writing style. Language is involved with almost everything we do as human beings. We cannot live without language. To capture a language, Learning about English grammar pattern is a dimension that would be mean for achievement. Analysis a writing style can help us discovering the language to express what we read. Three Secrets to Academic Success was written by Elana Peled, Ed.D. She is the founder of Academic Success for All. She started writing to help people who struggle to achieve academic success. This book reveals the powerful secrets that underlie academic success. The second secret is the learning creativity. It is about that every single person on the planet has the capacity to be creative. Our creativity is involved in how we make sense of the world and is intimately connected with our ability to learn. Based on my analysis in her writing style, she had written this chapter in grammatical correct English. One of the most important factors is that sentences were not formed by words alone but by structural units. The author had conformed her words, phrases, and...
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...University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate School Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 6-1-2010 Effects of reading comprehension and fluency abilities on the N400 event-related potential Annie Hirt Nelson University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Nelson, Annie Hirt, "Effects of reading comprehension and fluency abilities on the N400 event-related potential" (2010). Graduate School Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1721 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate School Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact scholarcommons@usf.edu. Effects of Reading Comprehension and Fluency Abilities on the N400 Event-Related Potential by Annie Hirt Nelson A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Childhood Education and Literacy Studies College of Education University of South Florida Major Professor: Mary Lou Morton, Ph.D. Jacqueline Hinckley, Ph.D. Jim King, Ed.D. Richard Marshall, Ph.D. Date of Approval: July 1, 2010 Keywords: syntax, semantics, ERP, N400, sentence structure, children, indexical hypothesis Copyright © 2010, Annie Hirt Nelson ...
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...Within Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel The Scarlet Letter, there are elements such as irony and truth that present themselves through deliberate syntactic manipulation. Hawthorne expresses his truth through irony, whether that be with situational, dramatic, and/or verbal. This novel was written with the intentional purpose of analysis. It’s essential to first ascertain the simple truth mentioned in the previous paragraph, and that would be desire. The desire the “godly” Reverend Dimmesdale feels contrasts to his reverential title. Such an ascetic man had been so hypocritical regarding abstinence, yet when he “confessed” his sin, he was praised. He had had sexual intercourse with a married woman, but the people related to his sermon. “...I, your...
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...Patel suggesting that one of the valued things provided by music is emotional power. According to the ‘multiple mechanism’ theory, music can influence human emotion in many different ways except *a. visual imagery and association with past, present and future event b. expectancy and fulfilment or violation c. activation of the brainstem by arousing acoustic features d. acoustics cues that resemble the sound of emotional voices medium Source: Section 6.1 page 22, 2nd paragraph, line 6 More questions being arise due to lack explanation on how the music’s universality can affect the emotion. Therefore Patel discuss how the multiple mechanism theory states that music can enhance emotion in five different ways which are 1) expectancy and its fulfilment or violation, 2) activation of the brainstem by arousing acoustic features (e.g., sudden, sharp onsets); 3) association with past events; 4) visual imagery; or 5) acoustic cues that resemble the sounds of emotional voices. The two examples of biological power of music discuss by Patel in the reading are I recovery of brain functions after stroke II recovery of cerebral palsy in premature baby III recovery of verbal fluency in aphasia IV recovery of deaf due to exposure of high volume sound *a) I and III b) I and II c) II and III d) III and IV Easy-medium Source: Patel reading section 4 of the biological power of music: two examples Patel clearly discuss the two examples of music and the recovery of brain functions...
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...Criterion SM Online Essay Evaluation: An Application for Automated Evaluation of Student Essays Jill Burstein Educational Testing Service Rosedale Road, 18E Princeton, NJ 08541 jburstein@ets.org Martin Chodorow Department of Psychology Hunter College 695 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 martin.chodorow@hunter.cuny.edu Claudia Leacock Educational Testing Service Rosedale Road, 18E Princeton, NJ 08541 cleacock@ets.org Abstract This paper describes a deployed educational technology application: the CriterionSM Online Essay Evaluation Service, a web-based system that provides automated scoring and evaluation of student essays. Criterion has two complementary applications: E-rater®, an automated essay scoring system and Critique Writing Analysis Tools, a suite of programs that detect errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics, that identify discourse elements in the essay, and that recognize elements of undesirable style. These evaluation capabilities provide students with feedback that is specific to their writing in order to help them improve their writing skills. Both applications employ natural language processing and machine learning techniques. All of these capabilities outperform baseline algorithms, and some of the tools agree with human judges as often as two judges agree with each other. 2. Application Description Criterion contains two complementary applications that are based on natural language processing (NLP) methods. The scoring application, e-rater®, extracts...
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...he is considered to be one of the most influential linguists of the 20th Century. His work, 'Cours de Linguistique Generale, mentioned in when is syntax studied, is one of his best known works, compiled after his death. Which is generally thought to be the start 'structural linguistics'. Viggo Brondal (1887-1942)Viggo Brondal, a Danish Philologist, alongsde Louis Hjemslev founded the Linguistic Circle of Copenhagen. Hjemslev also went on to found the journal 'Acta Linguistica' in 1939. Noam Chomsky born 1928As noted, Chomsky has been responsible for countless syntax theories and influential work over the years. These include Universal Grammar, Transformational Grammar, Generative Grammar and many of its developments. His book 'Syntactic Structures', first published in 1957 is known to lay down the foundations for transformational grammar Roy Harris (born 1931)Roy Harris is currently the professor...
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...Analysis The text I am going to comment on is a story by William Somerset Maugham. He was a prominent English writer, and he is best known by his short stories. When Maugham described people and places in his stories, he did it mostly from his personal experience. The text under consideration is an individual story «A friend in need». The plot of the story is concerned with situation when Burton the Young was down and out, and he asked Burton the Elder to give him a job. The action takes place in one English office, where Burton the Elder was a prosperous businessman. Such is the plot of the extract. The story is first person narration. The main idea reveals that every person does his own fade. The author lays particular stress on the fact that everybody must achieve good life. The opening paragraph presents appearance of one of the main heroes in this story. All the details of his appearance speak of Burton the Young’s temperament and style of life. In this story we can observe the conventional sequence of compositional elements: an exposition, a gradual mounting of tension with final climax, denouement. Exposition presents the time, the place of the action and the circumstances which influence on the action as « he came to see in my office one day and asked me for a job». We found gradation as « he didn’t move. He went rather pale. He hesitated for a moment. He was down and out. If he couldn’t get something to do he would have to commit suicide». And repetition presents...
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...THINKING ARABIC TRANSLATION _______________________________ A Course in Translation Method: Arabic to English Supplement James Dickins Contents: Supplement Introduction 1 1 Preliminaries to translation as a process 3 1.3.1 3 Annotation: gist, exegesis and rephrasing Practical 1.3 Gist translation: ﳑﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ 8 2 Preliminaries to translation as a product 9 2.1.1 2.1.5 2.2.2.1 2.2.2.2 Interlinear translation From interlinear to free translation Translation by omission Translation by addition 9 10 11 11 Practical 2.3 Literal vs. free translation: ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻟﺒﻴﺪ 11 3 Cultural transposition 14 3.1 3.3 14 14 Basic principles Calque Practical 3.2 (extension) Cultural transposition: وﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎك إﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ Practical 3.3 Cultural transposition: وﻗﺎدﺗﻪ ﺧﻄﻮاﺗﻪ 15 15 4 Compensation 17 4.1 4.2 17 17 Basic principles Categories of compensation Practical 4.1 Compensation: ﻗﺪ ﳝﺮ وﻗﺖ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ 18 ii Contents: Supplement 5 Denotative meaning and translation issues 19 5.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.2 5.2.2 19 20 20 22 23 23 Denotative meaning Hyperonymy-hyponymy Particularizing translation and generalizing translation Partially overlapping translation Semantic repetition in Arabic List restructuring Practical 5.3 Semantic repetition, parallelism and list restructuring: إن اﻟﺮﺳﻮل اﻟﻜﺮﱘ 26 6 Connotative meaning and translation issues ...
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...pivotal to ensuring that such criminals are apprehended and subjected to due process of the law just like other criminals do. A key area in email forensics that has elicited lots of attention is understanding the unique email characteristics and as such using the same to cluster them for easy identification. This paper offers valid proof that email characteristics can be employed in analysis of the emails and hence establishes their origin. Table of Contents Abstract i Email forensics 2 Email Headers 2 IP Address from the mail sender 2 Mail User Agents (MUA) 2 Transit Servers 3 Sample Header 3 E-mail Characteristics 10 Measures 11 Anonymous emails 13 Email forensic software 14 E-mail cluster analysis 14 Results and conclusion 16 Conclusion 17 References 19 Email forensics A typical email has two parts and this is expert forensics in email based their analysis on. The parts are the header and the body. Email Headers These are meta-data lines hooked to each and every email which contain plenty of vital information used by a forensic expert may use in analysis. Nonetheless, email headers may be forged quite easily, and as such they need not be left as the sole information source. In essence, there exists no sole way which can be used to bring out relevant understanding of an email header. Various examiners favor a bottom up reading approach, while some often favor reading from top down. IP Address from the mail sender Some of email service...
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...Essay #1 – “I Search” Exploratory Essay 1500-2500 words (15% of your Final Grade) This paper is designed to teach the writer and the reader something valuable about a chosen topic and about the nature of searching and discovery. As opposed to the standard research paper where a writer usually assumes a detached and objective stance, the “I Search” paper allows you to relate your personal experience engaged with some aspect of a topic, to hunt for facts and opinions firsthand, and to provide a step-by-step record of the search process. It’s part research paper, part personal narrative, part reflection. • First step: choose a controversial topic broadly pertaining to digital technology, digital media, “the internet,” television, or modern computing technology that truly interests you—specifically some problem or concern you want to be more informed about (use Homework #1 as a launching point). The topic, however, has to be argumentatively rich, meaning that there have to be many different viewpoints on the issue. • Second step: rather than starting with a thesis or claim, you’re going to begin with a question or problem spurred by some personal experience or exploration. Think of yourself like an investigative journalist or social scientist: if you’re writing about online communities, immerse yourself in one; if you’re writing about internet/television/cell phone addiction, deprive yourself for a few days; if you’re investigating some activity, try engaging in that...
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...Scientific Prose Style The text under the analysis is entitled «The Main Peculiarities of a Snowfall». The text belongs to the scientific style. The Scientific style is a functional style of literary language, directing on the proving a hypothesis and creating new concepts. The Scientific style can exist within 2 forms: the written form of language (scientific articles, monographs or textbooks) and oral form (scientific reports, lectures, discussions at conferences, etc.)[1] The main function of scientific prose is to prove a hypothesis, to create new concepts, to disclose the internal laws of existence, relations between different phenomena.[2] The main aim of the scientific prose style is to present precise information and to establish a clear and logical progression of ideas. The genre of the text can be defined as popular scientific prose and it exists in written form. The common features of the scientific style are: 1. The use of objective, precise, and mostly unemotional language means: e.g.: «A snowfall consists of myriads of minute ice crystals…”; “The Pacific Ocean is the source of moisture for most snowfalls west of the Rocky Mountains…» 2. The impersonality is reflected in the choice of grammar and syntactic constructions: e.g.: «The formation of snow begins with these ice crystals in the subfreezing strata of the middle and upper atmosphere when there is an adequate supply of moisture present. » 3. The...
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...Journal of Information Technology Education Volume 2, 2003 An Overview of Current Research on Automated Essay Grading Salvatore Valenti, Francesca Neri and Alessandro Cucchiarelli DIIGA - Universita’ Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy valenti@inform.unian.it neri@inform.unian.it alex@inform.unian.it Executive Summary Essays are considered by many researchers as the most useful tool to assess learning outcomes, implying the ability to recall, organize and integrate ideas, the ability to express oneself in writing and the ability to supply merely than identify interpretation and application of data. It is in the measurement of such outcomes, corresponding to the evaluation and synthesis levels of the Bloom’s (1956) taxonomy that the essay questions serve their most useful purpose. One of the difficulties of grading essays is represented by the perceived subjectivity of the grading process. Many researchers claim that the subjective nature of essay assessment leads to variation in grades awarded by different human assessors, which is perceived by students as a great source of unfairness. This issue may be faced through the adoption of automated assessment tools for essays. A system for automated assessment would at least be consistent in the way it scores essays, and enormous cost and time savings could be achieved if the system can be shown to grade essays within the range of those awarded by human assessors. This paper presents an overview of current approaches...
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...Philippine Normal University The National Center for Teacher Education College of Languages, Linguistics & Literature DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH CONCEPT PAPER For Seminar Paper By JUVELLE S. CRISTOBAL MAT – ELA June 16, 2012 1st Semester, 2012-2013 A. Title B. Introduction * Rationale * Research Questions C. Review of Related Literature * Foreign References and Related Studies * Local Context and Related Studies D. Methodology * Respondents * Data Gathering Procedure * Research Design * Data Analysis E. Timetable for Research F. References TITLE A Syntactic and Comparative Analysis of Phrase Structure Rules Used in the Written Diagnostic and Term Composition of Freshmen Computer Secretarial Students in Bulacan Polytechnic College (Obando Campus) INTRODUCTION Rationale It is said that language learning is the product of formal instruction and it comprises a conscious process which results in conscious knowledge ‘about’ the language, for example knowledge of grammar rules. Although ‘language learning’ is considered less important than language acquisition, most of what is learned has been coming from the formal teaching in school. It is also said that the acquisition of grammatical structures follows a ‘natural order’ which is predictable. For a given language, some grammatical structures tend to be acquired early while others late. It can be derived that language learning could also be predictable and that grammatical structures...
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