...JAN REVIEW PAPER Directly observed therapy and tuberculosis: how can a systematic review of qualitative research contribute to improving services? A qualitative meta-synthesis Jane Noyes1 & Jennie Popay2 Accepted for publication 29 September 2006 Jane Noyes DPhil MSc RN RSCN Professor of Nursing Research, Co-Convenor Cochrane Qualitative Research Methods Group University of Wales, Bangor, UK Jennie Popay MA Professor of Sociology and Public Health, Co-Convenor Cochrane Qualitative Research Methods Group Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK Correspondence to Jane Noyes: e-mail: jane.noyes@bangor.ac.uk 2 1 N O Y E S J . & P O P A Y J . ( 2 0 0 7 ) Directly observed therapy and tuberculosis: how can a systematic review of qualitative research contribute to improving services? A qualitative meta-synthesis. Journal of Advanced Nursing 57(3), 227–243 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04092.x Abstract Title. Directly observed therapy and tuberculosis: how can a systematic review of qualitative research contribute to improving services? A qualitative meta-synthesis Aim. This paper reports the findings from a qualitative meta-synthesis concerning people with, or at risk of, tuberculosis, service providers and policymakers and their experiences and perceptions of tuberculosis and treatment. Background. Directly observed therapy is part of a package of interventions to improve tuberculosis treatment and adherence. A Cochrane systematic review...
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...cross-cultural and international aspects related to its nature. This article examines the phenomenon of 'expatriation': choosing to leave one's own country in order to live or work in another, usually for a long period of time. Multinational organizations require a certain level of staff relocation in order to improve their knowledge of emerging markets as well as maximizing their talent resources. In addition to assigned expatriates, meaning those moving to another country following an assignment from their workplace, the article refers to "self-initiated expatriates, meaning people who choose to move to another country on their own. Human resource needs for both kinds of expatriates are unique, and may differ from each other. Self-initiated expatriates may exhibit more motivation to live in a different country and uproot their family for a long period of time, and this motivation may facilitate an easier transition, therefore being less demanding for the human resource management (Mo and Jian-Ming 170-172) Workplace flexibility and the changing nature of work: an introduction This paper examines articles referring to how the changes in the work environment require flexibility on behalf of the organization, mainly concerning managing human resources. Though it was written in the turn of the century, it is relevant to the question of human resource management in multinational organizations because it examines core issues of facing change and managing human capital in a changing...
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...using electronic medical records. Leaders must understand the complexity and safety issues in order to help mandate electronic medical records with design, development, implement and use. In the last decade, this article has informed executives, clinicians, and technology. Their main focus was on these three areas computerized physicians order entry. Their main focus was to work all three areas computer physician order entry, computer decision support system, and BCMA. By following these guild lines it will reduce the medical errors. Electronic medical records are set in place to reduce medical errors or produce a new safety risk that result in harm. A threat to patient safety can be seen during the planning design, development testing or while in operation and working on maintained the security of the records. Within each of these process, technology people and the work environment can individually or collectively generate errors(Ash, Berg, and Coiera 2004) Software driven products make it complicated technology which can rise health care cost and harm patients at the same time. Healthcare workers environment has excessive noise, high workload complex tasks. Active errors are noticed immediately are poor design and incorrect installation of a medical record. The Institute of medicine wrote a report about to ERR is human. In this report was the explanation of active and latent errors. Active errors occur on the front line latent errors also can be hidden in technology...
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...Canada’s evolution from an agrarian system to an industrialized system where the production of goods is the foremost means of work. Now, there are those who say that we have moved onto a post-industrialized system, which includes knowledge workers who produce and disseminate knowledge and have the ability to solve problems, and the creative class, which is comprised of professionals like engineers, professors, and lawyers. “These workers are transforming the economy through a new work ethic that places a high priority on interesting work, flexible forms of organization, and dynamic places in which to live and work” (Krahn, Hughes & Lowe, 2012, p. 27). As we venture into a post-industrialized era, this paper will examine the future prospects of work in Canada and the role that technology will play. Advancements in technology and innovation in a post-industrialized society are changing the way work is done. Some believe that technological advances will have a severe negative impact on the Canadian workforce. Betcherman and Lowe (1997) examine this view and conclude that there are three reasons that support this pessimistic outlook: 1) “mental” and “manual” labour are at risk due to “smart” technologies (p. 11); 2) when the agrarian system was replaced with industrialism, there were emerging sectors like manufacturing and services absorbed displaced workers, however, there does not seem to be an emerging sector (Betcherman & Lowe, 1997); and 3) “globalization is extending the...
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...to discuss the new global definition of social work, to assess the background of this research and to highlight the implications of this new definition to social work practice and development in Zambia and Africa at large. To begin with, the new definition will be given and explained then a discussion of its background and implications will be made. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn. The new definition hopes to address three major criticisms of the prior definition. It attempts to be more inclusive of indigenous knowledge, to be less biased towards Western ideals of individualism and change, and instead to encompass collectivity, continuity and cohesion. Lastly, it endeavors to emphasize social work’s involvement in theory and research and its capacity as an academic discipline, in addition to its practical application. The links also include commentary and explanation for each aspect of the definition’s wording and the mandates, principles, knowledge and practice that undergird the social work profession (Kanyowa 1999) Social work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people. Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversities are central to social work. Underpinned by theories of social work, social sciences, humanities and indigenous knowledge’s, social work engages people and structures to address life challenges...
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...Proceedings No. 21 Of the Agricultural Policy Forum on Social Market Economy In the Context of National & International Challenges Prepared by Mrs. Nawal Nehme Info-Com Division Held in Damascus on 13 April 2006 With the support of Table of Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Synthesis of The Presentation .......................................................................................................... 3 Summary of Discussion ...................................................................................................................12 Annex (1) List of Participants .......................................................................................................... 15 Annex (2) Slides of The Presentation ..............................................................................................18 Proceedings No. 21– Social Economy Market 1 2 Proceedings No. 21 – Social Economy Market Introduction The workshop “the Social Market Economy in the Context of National & International Challenges” was the first activity of the 2006 Agricultural Policy Forum series organized by the National Agricultural Policy Center (NAPC) with the support of the FAO Project GCP/SYR/006/ITA. Dr Isam El-Zaim, Director General of The Arab Center for Strategic Studies and Head of the Syrian Economic Scientific Association, presented...
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...owners encouraged the unions to form b. The owners did not care about the unions c. The owners did not like the unions d. The owners were excited about the unions 4.) Which of the following is the correct definition for collective bargaining? a. Process of negotiation between the United States and Japan b. Process of negotiation between management and union representatives c. Process of expanding educational opportunities for children d. Process of expanding a nation’s control over another nation with force 5.) Which of the following was included in child labor reforms passed by parliament? a. Increased the hours that children could work b. Restricted how many men could work c. Increased the hours that men could work d. Restricted the hours that children could work 6.) Adam Smith is famous for writing which of the following books? a. Communist Manifesto b. Wealth of Nations c. Mercantilist Theory d. Origin of the Species 7.) Which of the following is an impact of the Industrial Revolution on industrialized countries? a. Lowered the overall population b. Decreased the urban population c. Reduced environmental pollution d. Increased...
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...revolution succeed without violence being an integral part of its development, and the Russian revolution was no exception. However, there are economic and political factors that helped contribute to the outbreak of this civil disobedience, which must be considered. Underpinning these issues is the stark difference in the social dynamics of Russia between the early 19th century and the early 20th century. The social dichotomy that had presented itself was one that no other European power had experienced. Russia was the only European super-power to still employ serfdom by the time of its termination, for its roots had been deeply embedded in Russian culture. Historian Jonathon Bromley believes the longevity of serfdom was because it “served the economic interests of the nobility and the political interests of the Tsarist state.” This implies that the economic policy and political foundations of the country were predicated on its social structure; therefore social stability was pivotal in preserving the Tsarist regime. The deeply entrenched social structure had been, for centuries, an obvious pyramid, with the rural workers forming a stable base upon which Russian politics, industry, and economics were built. After so many years of this social hierarchy, it is not surprising that when the backbone of Russian society was removed and replaced ineptly,...
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...The Far East. Egypt. The Hebrews. Greece. Rome. The Catholic Church. Feudalism and the Middle Ages. The Revival of Commerce. T he Cultural Rebirth: The Protestant Ethic. A Criticism of the Weberian Thesis. Modern Support for Weber. The Liberty Ethic. The Market Ethic. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVE The Industrial Revolution in England: The Age of Machines. Management: the Fourth Factor of Production. M anagement Problems in the Early Factory: The Search for Managerial Talent. The Labor Problem. The Shortage of Skilled Labor. Training. Discipline and Motivation. Management Functions in the Early 42 Xll CONTENTS Factory. Cultural Consequences of the Industrial Revolution: The Condition of the Worker. Child and Female Labor. MANAGEMENT PIONEERS IN THE FACTORY SYSTEM Robert Owen: The Search for a New Harmony: Early Managerial Experiences. The Call for Reform. Charles Babbage: The Irascible Genius: The First Computer. Analyzing Industrial Operations. Andrew Ure: Pioneering in Management Education: Principles of Manufacturing. Charles Dupin: Industrial Education in France: The Pioneers: A Final Note. EARLY AMERICAN MANAGEMENT Antebellum Industry and Management: Early Industrial Development. The Railroads: Pioneering in American Management: Daniel McCallum: System and Organization. Henry V. Poor: A...
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... Note: Empty entries are open for students’ presentations Hans-Walter Lorenz (FSU Jena) A Short History of Economic Thought Winter 2012/13 2 / 93 Outline, Relevance, and Contents Outline, Relevance, and Contents Relevance: Reasons for concentrating on the history of thought General historic interest (assumed!) Developing a sense for connections between political/technical history and the emergence of new economic ideas Many recently discussed topics in economics have ancestors in previous decades and centuries; many ‘brand-new’ approaches actually possess long beards (however often forgotten). Hans-Walter Lorenz (FSU Jena) A Short History of Economic Thought Winter 2012/13 3 / 93 Outline, Relevance, and Contents Outline, Relevance, and Contents Contents The Classics – Quesnay, Smith, Ricardo, Say, Malthus, Marx The Neoclassics – Marshall, Walras, Menger, Gossen The Keynesian Revolution The Neoclassical Synthesis and the New Classical School Strategic Behavior and Game Theory Evolutionary Economics Hans-Walter Lorenz (FSU Jena) A Short History of Economic Thought Winter 2012/13 4 / 93 The Classics The Classics The Most Influential Classical Writers: Francois Quesnay (1694 - 1774) ¸ Adam Smith (1723 - 1790) David Ricardo (1772 - 1823) Jean-Baptiste Say (1767 - 1832) Robert Malthus (1766 - 1834) Karl Marx (1818 -...
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...Chapter 12: The African Diaspora in the Caribbean and Europe from Pre-emancipation to the Present Day by Roswith Gerloff Caribbean history of Christianity can be divided, with overlaps, into four main periods: the rather monolithic form of Spanish Catholicism from 1492, and of the Church of England from 1620; the arrival of the Evangelicals or nonconformist missionaries, Moravians, Methodists, Baptists, Congregationalists, and Presbyterians from the mid-eighteenth century; consolidation and growth of various European denominations in the region in uneasy tension with the proliferation of independent black Christian groups and African religions in the post-emancipation era from 1833; the contest for political, economic and religious independence after 1870, including the shift from British Imperial intervention and influence to those from North America, and national independence after 1962. Contemporary studies in anthropology and sociology of religion speak of 'religions on the move', or the process of transmigration and transculturation, as it refers to dynamic, reciprocal, transitory and multidimensional creations in shaping a 'poly-contextual world'. This implies that religions have to be regarded as cultural and spiritual phenomena whose 'taken-for granted' essence1 has resulted from transcultural and transnational processes of mutual 1 Klaus Hock, University of Rostock, abstract for an essay on the African Christian Diaspora in Europe, January...
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...exam questions set on the Third Reich, `Was Hitler a Weak Dictator?' is the most difficult. It leads to the heart of the complex Intentionalist-Structuralist debate. On the one hand, there are the Intentionalist historians who argue forcefully in the words of Norman Rich that `Hitler was master in the Third Reich', while the Structuralists stress the many constraints on Hitler's power which range from his own personal inadequacies to the limits imposed upon him by the structure of the Nazi party and state. Mommsen, for instance, argues that he was `in many ways a weak dictator', (1) and David Irving in one of his earlier and less outrageous books even goes so far as to describe him as `probably the weakest leader Germany has known this century'. (2) The weak dictator/leader argument is paradoxical and is bitterly contested by a formidable array of historians who include, amongst many others, Bullock, Bracher, Dawidowicz, Hildebrand, and Jackel, who argue that Hitler had a programme and possessed the necessary powers to implement it. Bracher and Bullock, for instance, see Hitler as an immensely cunning politician who would use any tactic to further his aims. Bullock stresses that his foreign policy is only explicable if seen as a combination of `consistency of aim with complete opportunism in method and tactics'. (3) It is certainly hard to make out a case for Hitler being a weak leader in the period 1925-33. He was able to consolidate his position at the Bamberg meeting in...
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...of AusAID. BRAVING IT and MAKING IT Insights from Successful Investors in Muslim Mindanao by Cielito F. Habito A joint publication of: ARMM Regional Board of Investments ARMM Business Council Management Association of the Philippines Through the support of the Australian Agency for International Development Edited by Ma. Salve I. Duplito Table Of Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 iv La Frutera: Reaping The Fruit Case Study of La Frutera Inc., Datu Paglas, Maguindanao Background 3 The Company 5 Peculiar Challenges and “Success Secrets” 6 Synthesis 10 References 12 Agumil: The Promise of Palm Oil Case Study of Agumil Philippines Inc. Investments in ARMM, Maguindanao Background 13 The Maguindanao Investment 14 Peculiar Challenges and “Success Secrets” 18 Conclusion 21 References 21 BJ Coconut Mill: Catalyst for the Sulu Economy Case Study of BJ Coconut Oil Mill, Indanan, Sulu Background 22 Company Operations 23 Other Business Challenges 24 Pointers for Prospective Sulu...
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...well as to train individuals for that practice. The simple meaning of the term is quite direct: it refers on the one hand to the administration or management of matters which have mainly to do with the society, polity, and its subparts which are not fundamentally private, familial, commercial, or characteristic, and on the other hand to the well-organized study of such matters. In this simplest meaning, public administration has to do with supervision the realm of governmental and other public activities. This simple description conveys the core of public administration and perhaps covers the vast majority of activities and concerns of modern public administration. The concept of ‘Public Administration’ was started during eighteenth century; it was the mainstream approach toward the issue of motivation in Administration. Public and private in this respect are conflicting...
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...Evidence Based Management and Psychological Contracts: The Success of Apple. Aaron Wood Ottawa University * Introduction For decades, the application of organizational behavior theories to business management has been an ongoing process of discovery and innovative thinking. Concepts like evidence based management (McShane, 2013) and psychological contracts (Braekkan & Tunheim, 2013) are being employed in some of the world’s leading corporations. For the purpose of this paper, the synthesis of material into conceptual application will be applied to a single corporate entity. By choosing a company with global interests who continues to espouse very personal, individual based value perspectives, Apple is a good representational fit. This paper will highlight not only how Apple in some cases is using these concepts successfully in the market place, but also ways in which their former CEO failed miserably in utilization of these concepts while achieving enormous corporate success. This paper will also look to Apple’s future and how study of these theories along with others may be further developed. Multiple references from a wide array of media sources and fields of study have been researched to show the breadth of Apple’s stakeholder and business positioning strategies from the earliest days up to resources compiled as late as November 2013. As the development of information threads lead to fields like manufacturing, education, supply chains, demography, and even...
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