...Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Abstract Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic rheumatic autoimmune disease that affects multiple organ systems. The exact cause or causes of (SLE) is unknown, however genetic factors, gender, ethnic origin, and environmental factors have all been implicated in its development. Earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment options have significantly improved survival rates and life quality. Medical and pharmacologic treatment is usually tailored to the specific symptoms or organ systems that are involved due to its unpredictability and range of manifestations. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus affects primarily women of childbearing age and mostly in Asian, African American, and Hispanic populations. Treatment options include steroids, antimalarial drugs, and immunosuppressive agents. This overview will examine the etiology and effects of Lupus, how it impacts fertility and pregnancy in women, and life quality and expectancy. Various treatment options and alternative treatment methods will be discussed; considerations for employment and rehabilitation will be reviewed, as well as the future of therapeutic approaches. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Introduction The name “Lupus” is Latin for wolf and may have first been used to describe the lesions that resembled the bite marks and scratches made by a wolf's attack. The term “Lupus Erythematosus” was first introduced by physicians in the nineteenth century to describe skin lesions...
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...Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune disease that can damage any part of the body such as the joints, skin, or even organs. Paediatric-onset SLE accounts for about 10–20% of all patients with SLE (Malattia, 2013). Being a chronic disease, the signs and symptoms may last more than six weeks but a majority of the time they last for years or even a lifetime. In addition, SLE can affect any demographic but for this study we will focus on adolescents from birth to age 18 because, as said by Morgan, children present with a more severe illness, more aggressive disease course with higher disease activity over time greater burden of steroid and immunosuppressive therapies (2013). Currently, there is no cure for SLE. However...
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...Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) Section 1 1.1 Definition Lupus Erythematosus (LE) is an autoimmune disease that exists on a spectrum. On one part of the spectrum, there is Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) which mainly affects the skin and on the other hand Systematic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) has more systematic implications in regards to important organs in the human body such as the brain, lungs and the heart. SLE is also known as Lupus, is a chronic, long-term disease that is not able to distinguish between healthy tissues and damaged tissues. This causes Lupus to affect several organs and is characterized by the formation of antibodies against certain kinds of self-antigens (Gleichmann, Elven, Van Der Veen & J. P. W., 1982). The disease...
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...Ethnographic research: oral interview 4-5 pages double spaced An ethnography is a long term investigation of a group (often a culture) that is based on immersion in and, optimally, participation in that group. Ethnography provides a detailed exploration of group activity and may include the collection of historical information and in-person interviews of members of the group. It is an approach which employs multiple methodologies to arrive at a theoretically comprehensive understanding of a group or culture. Ethnography attempts to explain the web of interdependence of group behaviors and interactions. In this assignment, you will interview a disabled or chronically ill person and make observations about the person based on your understanding of what it means to be a member of this social category. Remember that disability and chronic illness include both visible and invisible elements, and that there is great variation in age, class, ethnicity, and gender identity. You may also interview the parent of a child with a disability as long as the parent can speak on behalf of the child’s social experience or experience in society. You will use your knowledge of course concepts related to disability identity and group belonging. The interview can take place in person or, if absolutely necessary, over Skype, but not on the phone. It is important that you read facial expressions and have a sense of the respondent’s non-verbal communication. You should find out as much as you can...
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...family. I will discuss the social, financial and personal effects that has incurred with this patient. I will also discuss how the patient learned about her disease, educational experience, and motivators the patient used in learning about her disease. (Towner & Inter-mountain Healthcare,Utah,USA, 2008). Sonya D is middle aged African American woman whom had a career as a super model; until she was diagnosed with Lupus. A married woman and mother of a teenager, she enjoyed walking and spending family time with her spouse and daughter. Patient is not obese, non-smoker and non-alcoholic. She had been extremely tired and in bed a lot. She noticed her extremities going numb and went to the doctor for a physical, not expecting to hear the diagnosis of Lupus. Lupus is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system produces antibodies to cells within the body. This leads to widespread inflammation and tissue damage. Researchers believe it is linked to genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. Lupus may be characterized by periods of illness and remissions. Lupus has a variety of clinical manifestations and can affect joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, and blood...
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... Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of the female upper reproductive tract that primarily affects sexually active women ages 15 to 29 in the United States (Ashear, Gonzalez, Wilcha, & Covino, 2017). “More than eight hundred thousand women get a diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease annually in the United States” (Sabb Gul, Albati, Ismaeel Badr, Alfaraj, Almatrafi, Banoun, Hassan Maki, Bagdood, & AlJuhani, 2018). Although pelvic inflammatory disease is rather simple to treat, it can be hard to diagnose and can potentially lead to many long-term complications. Therefore, women should understand the signs and symptoms as well diagnostic tests, treatment options, and methods of prevention. “Pelvic inflammatory disease rarely affects women with no sexual activity, and thus is considered a sexually transmitted infection” (Sabb Gul et al., 2018). It is most commonly caused by sexually transmitted bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ashear et al., 2017). Although those are the most common bacteria that play a large role in causing pelvic inflammatory disease, there are several other bacteria that are known to be the culprits including Escherichia coli, staphylococci, group B streptococci, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. The bacteria travel from the vagina through the cervix into the uterus where it may linger for a while; however, it is more likely to continue to travel up into the fallopian tubes and potentially spread to the...
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...more than 5% for women than men, 10 million people have passed from the ages 39-52. Some people are born to evolve lupus. The symptoms are very tough to discover and it strikes at your own tissues and organs most people experience joint pain, rash, and fever. Likewise, people can have pain while breathing and it's a very sharp pain in the chest, the mouth gets very dry and your skin starts to develop red rashes or scaly rashes. Generally, women are the ones that are diagnosed with lupus at the age of 15-44, on top of that researchers say that African American women are easily prone to being diagnosed with lupus. In the United States, 1.5 million Americans have been recognized with lupus, while throughout the world at least 5 million people have lupus. Lupus impacts 90% of women in the whole...
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...live with Lupus and more than 16,000 new cases are reported across the country each year (LUPUS Foundation of America; 2011). Lupus is an autoimmune disease that is chronic and can cause damage to any part of the body. The body’s immune system produces proteins referred to as antibodies. These antibodies help to provide protection for the body from invaders. Our immune system cannot tell the difference between these foreign invaders and our body’s healthy tissues; therefore autoantibodies attack and ultimately destroy healthy tissues, which is known as autoimmune or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (LUPUS Foundation of America; 2011). Inflammation, pain, and damage to other various parts of the body are due to these autoantibodies. The causes of SLE are genes, environment, and genetic factors. Even though researchers and scientists are unsure of just how genetic factors may alter or affect the immune system; researchers estimate that 20 - 100 different genetic factors may make a person susceptible to SLE (The New York Times; 2011). Environmental triggers can set off a flare of this disease. Environmental triggers can be ultraviolet rays from either the sun and/or fluorescent light bulbs, sulfa drugs that causes more sensitivity to the sun, penicillin and other antibiotic drugs, an infection, a cold and/or a viral illness, exhaustion, an injury, emotional stress and anything that causes stress to the body (LUPUS Foundation...
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...Hematology - CKD M’Lyn Spinks Combating anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) with erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) has been shown to improve both mental and physical factors (Iranian, 2013). Erythropoietin (EPO) is a protein hormone produced by the kidney that binds with receptors in the bone marrow and stimulates erythrocyte production (Munk, 2013). Perceptions of quality of life, cognition, sexual function, symptoms of depression and socialization are all scored higher in patients with Hb levels in near-normal range (Iranian, 2013). While the most common physical symptoms of anemia in CKD improve with ESA treatment, it is also been shown to positively effect the more severe consequences (Iranian, 2013). Improvement in cardiac function has been noted in patients diagnosed with left ventricular hypertrophy and congestive heart failure (Iran, 2013) as well as stabilized renal function in non-dialysis patients (Iranian, 2013). Treatment of anemia in CKD patients is also attributed to reducing lengths of hospital stays and decreasing mortality rates (Iranian, 2013). While the benefits of ESA’s in combating the symptoms and consequences of anemia in CKD are indisputable, there is a wide range of treatment regimens, inconsistent parameters for treatment, and increased risk of stroke and morbidity in the pediatric population (Bamgbola, 2011). Regimens have been reported that are up to 30% different in dose and results show wide variations in patient response (Bamgbola...
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...[Name] [Professor] [Subject] [Date] How to save American colleges? One of the good thing about this article is that author has provided a thought provoking piece to the readers in the sense of mentioning details and sharing survey findings. Quoting the relevant executives along with mentioning surveys like Gallup-Purdue Index, writer keeps a flow of information that keeps generating interest. Latter he includes the reasons of spearheading survey findings by President of Purdue University who argues with logic and facts and provides sufficient data to support his position by giving economic tutorials. Article becomes theoretically boring as the writer starts talking about the corporate board and contingency planning for dealing financial challenges on part of educational institutes. For a reader outside the educational infrastructure, these challenges of finances are out of the box. They remain un-understandable. Although article ends up balancing with mentioning drawbacks of such detail insight as advocate faces critiques in response to his ideas. I like few interesting features of the article especially when writer talks about growth of students in the sense of measuring their learning process. He explains areas of critical thinking and writing to check and compare their learning growth from freshman year till commencement. He further exerts on his point by mentioning an earlier 2005 report which assures the same stance that four-year college graduates could not compare...
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...Lupus Erythematous: The Butterfly Effect Lupus erythematosus (LE) first originated in 1833 by many physicians throughout the historical periods of; the classical period, the neoclassical period, and the modern period. During the classical period of the 1800s, lupus was first coined. It comes from the Latin word ‘wolf’ that attributed to the thirteenth century by physician Rogerius who used the word to describe erosive facial lesions that manifested from a wolf’s bite (Lupus Foundation of America, n.d.). In the neoclassical period of the 1900s, scientists discovered that there are many sub forms of lupus, the most common type known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE has many other forms of names such as discoid and disseminated lupus....
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...Anatomy and Physiology Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that causes the immune system to fight against parts of the body that it is designed to protect, not harm. This leads to inflammation and tissue damage in the affected organ. SLE can affect many parts of the body including the skin, the joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, blood vessels, and the brain. Typically, SLE is characterized by periods of illness, which are called flares, and periods of wellness, or remission. The key to keeping SLE under control is understanding how to prevent flares and how to treat them when they occur. The cause of SLE is not fully understood, but research suggests that genetics play an important role in its cause. Other factors that contribute...
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...Medal for Literature, the Gold Medal for Poetry from the National Institute of Arts and Letters, the Pulitzer Prize, the Bollingen Prize, and the National Book Award. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship, taught briefly at Harvard, and served as Consultant in Poetry for the Library of Congress from 1950 to 1952. He was also largely responsible for establishing Emily Dickinson's reputation as a mayo SWAG SWAG SWAG THIS IS NOT MINE AND I DO NOT TAKE CREDIT FOR THAT. Flannery O’connor Writer. Born on March 25, 1925, in Savannah, Georgia. Flannery O'Connor is considered to be one of the greatest short story writers of the twentieth century. She faced some hardships growing up, losing her father as a teenager. He died of systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease. Early on Flannery O'Connor demonstrated her literary talents as a writer for school publications. Studying at what is now the University of Iowa for a master's degree, O'Connor got her first story published "The Geranium" in 1946. She also had begun what was to be first novel, Wise Blood (1952). After graduating in 1947, Flannery O'Connor pursued her...
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...Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex disease that can affect many body systems. “Lupus is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that can affect many parts of your body, including your skin, joints, kidneys, blood cells, heart and lungs” (Mayo Clinic, 2004, p.1). The diagnosis of Lupus evokes many questions and concerns in the patient. Educating patients is a major responsibility of nurses; therefore, the nurse should be knowledgeable in answering these questions. The nurse should be knowledgeable in answering these questions as educating patients is a major responsibility of nurses. Each patient is different; therefore, the education method should be individualized. You must take into consideration the patient’s motivation to learn and also the patient’s learning style. Motivation (or readiness) to learn must be determined in the early stages of developing a teaching plan. The more motivated the patient is to learn, the more cooperative and attentive they will be during the implementation of the teaching plan. Patients who participate in their own care are more likely to retain the information presented to them. When assessing the motivation of the patient, consider if the patient has asked questions about his or her condition. Asking questions shows that the patient has a desire or motivation to learn more about his or her condition. Does the patient appear interested in learning more about his or her disease? Has the patient accepted the diagnosis or is he or...
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...Lupus is one of many disorders of the immune system. Like lupus and other autoimmune diseases, causes the immune system to turn against body parts it is designated to protect, causing inflammation and damage to various body organs. Some of the parts that can be affected include the joints, kidneys, skin, heart, lungs, brain, and blood vessels. People with lupus disease must understand and learn how to avoid flares and how to deal with it. According to various research and studies, lupus is more common in women and can run in families. I would like to take a moment to talk to you about my husband. For years he suffered from headaches, joint pains and inflammation. Two years ago his family doctor sending to have an antinuclear antibody...
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