...Designing survey questions on food-related issues Question design toolkit based on a theory of behavioural change Jo d’Ardenne, Sally McManus, Julia Hall Designing survey questions on food-related issues: Question design toolkit based on a theory of behavioural change Jo d’Ardenne, Sally McManus, Julia Hall October 2011 Prepared for the Department of Health Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................ Executive summary ........................................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................ 1 1.1 1.2 Background and aims .................................................................................................... 1 The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) ...................................................................... 2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.3 Why use the Theory of Planned Behaviour? ............................................ 2 What is the Theory of Planned Behaviour? .............................................. 3 Strengths and weaknesses of the Theory of Planned Behaviour ............. 6 Outline of report .............................................................................................................. 6 2 Mapping existing survey questions to TPB constructs ....... 8 2.1 2.2 Review of longitudinal surveys ..................................
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...The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) TRA posits that individual behaviour is driven by behavioural intentions where behavioural intentions are a function of an individual's attitude toward the behaviour and subjective norms surrounding the performance of the behaviour. Attitude toward the behaviour is defined as the individual's positive or negative feelings about performing a behaviour. It is determined through an assessment of one's beliefs regarding the consequences arising from a behaviour and an evaluation of the desirability of these consequences. Formally, overall attitude can be assessed as the sum of the individual consequence x desirability assessments for all expected consequences of the behaviour. Subjective norm is defined as an individual's perception of whether people important to the individual think the behaviour should be performed. The contribution of the opinion of any given referent is weighted by the motivation that an individual has to comply with the wishes of that referent. Hence, overall subjective norm can be expressed as the sum of the individual perception x motivation assessments for all relevant referents. How the Theory of Planned Behaviour Works The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was developed by Ajzen in 1988. The theory proposes a model which can measure how human actions are guided. It predicts the occurrence of a particular behaviour, provided that behaviour is intentional. The model is out lined in the next figure and represents...
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...FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENT PRODUCTS IN PENANG ISLAND OOI SAY KEAT Research report in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am grateful. First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Graduate School of Business, Universiti Sains Malaysia for giving me the opportunity to accomplish this Master of Business Administration course. It has been a pleasant and remarkable experience in my life. My deepest appreciation goes to my supervisor, Dr. Azizah Omar on her unlimited guidance, encouragement and support in steering me through this research. Without her valuable advice and assistance, I may not materialize and complete this research timely. I am also grateful to Mr. Shahidan, for his advice at the early stage of this research. I would like to extend my sincere appreciation to my course mates for their constructive comments and criticisms, which helped me get to where I am. Not forgetting also, my heartfelt gratitude to my colleagues for their generous time to provide insightful comments. Support from you all has not gone unnoticed. Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to my parents, family members and friends for their support and understanding throughout my post graduate study. Their unconditional love, patience and encouragement have made this research and my MBA course possible. Thank you so much...
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...Blood donation behaviour Context and problem/opportunity The Australian Red Cross Blood Service is becoming increasingly concerned as the number of people donating blood is failing to meet the high demand of blood required. At some point, around 30% of the Australian population will require blood (Godin, Sheeran, Connor, & Germain , 2005). The underlying problem is that only 3% of the eligible population donate blood regularly (Godin, Sheeran, Connor, & Germain , 2005). In particular, Generation Y, who made 150,000 donations, present a problematic age group, as their retention rate is only 61% (Godin, Sheeran, Connor, & Germain , 2005). Young donors, aged below 25, make up the lowest generation for repeat donations. As a consultant to the RCBS, it is vital to understand why Australians choose to disengage with blood donation, in order to retain them as active donors. Literature Review Many scholars have undertaken research into the implications of blood donation and specifically, reasons as to why the retention rate is so low. One of the overarching issues discussed by academics is the effect of the gap between intention and behaviour. Research has found that a positive intention to give blood is not sufficient for an individual to actually perform the behaviour (Pomazal and Jaccard, 1976). Intentions represent a person’s motivation in the sense of his or hers conscious plan or decision to exert effort to enact the behaviour (Connor and Armitage, 1998)...
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...sun-safety behaviours has reached epidemic proportions with skin cancer becoming one of the most prevalent types of cancers in the world (Dobbinson et al, 2008; Keeney et al, 2009). What makes this epidemic more alarming and a greater health concern is that this type of cancer is arguably the most preventable (Cracium et al, 2011; Robinson et al, 1997). By implementing certain protective measures such as applying sunscreen (Kristjansson, Ullen & Helgason, 2004) or wearing protective clothing (Keeney et al, 2009) while exposed to the sun,...
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...Jeff Bray Consumer Behaviour Theory: Approaches and Models Consumer Behaviour Theory: Approaches and Models...............................................2 1.1 Consumer behaviour & consumer decision making ............................................2 1.2 Theoretical approaches to the study of consumer behaviour..............................3 1.3 Economic Man .....................................................................................................4 1.4 Psychodynamic Approach ...................................................................................4 1.5 Behaviourist Approach ........................................................................................5 1.6 Cognitive Approach .............................................................................................6 1.6.1 Cognitive Models of Consumer Behaviour ..................................................9 1.6.1.1 Analytic Cognitive Models ..................................................................10 1.6.1.2. Prescriptive Cognitive Models............................................................20 1.7 Humanistic Approach ........................................................................................25 1.7.1 Humanistic Models of Consumer Behaviour..............................................25 1.9 Summary ............................................................................................................28 References.................
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...Jeff Bray Consumer Behaviour Theory: Approaches and Models Consumer Behaviour Theory: Approaches and Models...............................................2 1.1 Consumer behaviour & consumer decision making ............................................2 1.2 Theoretical approaches to the study of consumer behaviour..............................3 1.3 Economic Man .....................................................................................................4 1.4 Psychodynamic Approach ...................................................................................4 1.5 Behaviourist Approach ........................................................................................5 1.6 Cognitive Approach .............................................................................................6 1.6.1 Cognitive Models of Consumer Behaviour ..................................................9 1.6.1.1 Analytic Cognitive Models ..................................................................10 1.6.1.2. Prescriptive Cognitive Models............................................................20 1.7 Humanistic Approach ........................................................................................25 1.7.1 Humanistic Models of Consumer Behaviour..............................................25 1.9 Summary ............................................................................................................28 References..............................
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...Introduction The Indian market is seeing a paradigm shift in the consumption patterns. The ever-growing middle class is one reason for this change. Population growth and economic development are driving consumption around the world and will continue to do so as billions of consumers – especially in China, India and other emerging economies add to the demand for goods and services. This has resulted in depletion of several valuable natural resources. Green consumerism refers to recycling, purchasing and using eco-friendly products that minimize damage to the environment. More and more businesses and industries are joining in the green movement, either out of a real interest in saving the planet or a desire to capitalize on the growing consumer demand for greener ways. For example, Wal-Mart anticipates savings to the tune of billions of dollars by reducing packaging across the supply chain and Wells Fargo issues carbon credits to offset its customers' credit card purchases. Very few consumers, who have realized the importance of going green, have been practicing it. For many, the perception about the idea is vague. Many organizations are actively trying to induce a paradigm shift in their green marketing strategies to enable them to reach the consumer. Has their attempt in this endeavour yielded results? The study is aimed at exploring the answers to these questions. Purpose and Scope of the Study This study is an attempt to understand the attitude...
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...Jeff Bray Consumer Behaviour Theory: Approaches and Models Consumer Behaviour Theory: Approaches and Models...............................................2 1.1 Consumer behaviour & consumer decision making ............................................2 1.2 Theoretical approaches to the study of consumer behaviour..............................3 1.3 Economic Man .....................................................................................................4 1.4 Psychodynamic Approach ...................................................................................4 1.5 Behaviourist Approach ........................................................................................5 1.6 Cognitive Approach .............................................................................................6 1.6.1 Cognitive Models of Consumer Behaviour ..................................................9 1.6.1.1 Analytic Cognitive Models ..................................................................10 1.6.1.2. Prescriptive Cognitive Models............................................................20 1.7 Humanistic Approach ........................................................................................25 1.7.1 Humanistic Models of Consumer Behaviour..............................................25 1.9 Summary ............................................................................................................28 References..................................
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...CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Nowadays, the demand for organic food is dramatically growing in Malaysia, but, there are a few factors that may influence the consumer intention to buy organic food. We are search for the related topic and we finally interested to review the study on organic food acceptance, titled Young Female Motivations for Purchase of Organic Food in Malaysia, that been conducted by Jane See Siou Zhen and Shaheen Mansori. The research was published on 2012. Their research work revolves around the consumer behaviour and attitude towards organic food in Malaysia. The broad aim of this research is to review critically the study of organic food purchase in Malaysia. According to the author, they were state that even though the market of organic product is growing, still the demand on organic food is unstable at market place. Basically, the author are emphasized on the impact of four factors that might influence the consumer intense to purchase organic food which are, Acceptability, Affordability, Availability and Awareness and Consumer Innovativeness. CHAPTER 2: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Regarding to the study, the author did not state any problem or argumentative statement. The author perhaps that, the next researcher will examine or proposed any suitable and relevant problem statement. CHAPTER 3: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The key purpose of this research conducted ( empirical study) is to understand and discovers the significant factors influence...
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...USA Abstract Purpose – Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to examine the effects of consumer values and past experiences on consumer purchase intention of organic personal care products, this study aims to consider further the moderating effect of perceived behavioral control on the attitudeintention relationship. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was conducted with 207 online panel members, and multiple regression analysis was used to test the relationships among the variables. Findings – The results indicate that environmental consciousness and appearance consciousness positively influence attitude toward buying organic personal care products. The addition of past experiences as a predictor of purchase intention and perceived behavioral control as a moderator of the attitude-purchase intention relationship yielded an improvement on the TPB model. Practical implications – This study suggests that retailers can develop effective marketing strategies emphasizing ecological beauty, product safety, and affordable prices to increase consumers’ intentions to buy organic personal care products. Originality/value – This study provides valuable insight into US consumer behavior regarding organic personal care products by examining the factors that influence consumers’ attitudes toward buying organic personal care products and consumers’ purchase intentions for the products. Furthermore, this study extends an application of the TPB by examining the moderating influence...
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...of the theory of planned behavior Master Thesis Sofia Karali 357726 Supervisor: Pr. Dr. Roy Thurik Erasmus School of Economics Co-reader: Hendrik Halbe MSc Erasmus Centre for Entrepreneurship Erasmus School of Economics Rotterdam 2013 Abstract Though many researchers have focused on entrepreneurship education, little research has been conducted on the precise effects and overall effectiveness of the entrepreneurship education programs. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior, this study investigates the impact of entrepreneurship programs on the entrepreneurial intention of students in higher education in the Netherlands. Data for this study is drawn from GUESSS (an international project investigating the entrepreneurial spirit of students worldwide). The results show that participants of entrepreneurship education programs are more likely to have higher intention (right or five years after their studies have been completed) to found their own businesses compared to nonparticipants. Furthermore, attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control mediate the aforementioned relationship. The findings of this report contribute both to the Theory of Planned Behavior and to the field of entrepreneurship education. 1 Contents Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Literature Review & hypotheses 2.1 Entrepreneurship as intentionally planned behavior 2.1.1 Intention models 2.2 Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) 2.2.1 The theory of planned...
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...Marketing Intelligence & Planning Factors influencing consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions of e-deals Isaac Cheah Ian Phau Johan Liang Article information: Downloaded by New Mexico State University At 01:40 02 February 2016 (PT) To cite this document: Isaac Cheah Ian Phau Johan Liang , (2015),"Factors influencing consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions of e-deals", Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 33 Iss 5 pp. 763 - 783 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/MIP-05-2014-0081 Downloaded on: 02 February 2016, At: 01:40 (PT) References: this document contains references to 89 other documents. To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 989 times since 2015* Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Rodney Graeme Duffett, (2015),"Facebook advertising’s influence on intention-to-purchase and purchase amongst Millennials", Internet Research, Vol. 25 Iss 4 pp. 498-526 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ IntR-01-2014-0020 Jacob Weisberg, Dov Te'eni, Limor Arman, (2011),"Past purchase and intention to purchase in ecommerce: The mediation of social presence and trust", Internet Research, Vol. 21 Iss 1 pp. 82-96 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662241111104893 Echo Huang, (2012),"Online experiences and virtual goods purchase intention", Internet Research, Vol. 22 Iss 3 pp. 252-274 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662241211235644 Access to this document was granted through...
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...Introduction According to (Schiffman, Kanuk & Hansen, 2012), the term “attitude” is defined as a learned predisposition to behave in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to a given object. As a consumer, we have a wide range of products and services to choose from and we tend to form attitudes towards each products while making decisions, for example when we are being questioned whether we like or dislike the specific product in a survey. At that moment, we are being asked to express our point of view on the certain product or service. As the way consumers feel about the brand reflects their attitudes towards that brand. Consumer’s attitudes towards a certain product is crucial for any marketers as it determines how well their products or services perform in the specific market. From that, marketers will know how to tailor their products to meet each individual’s unique requirement. There are two types of attitudes, positive attitude and negative attitude. When a consumer have a positive attitude towards a product, he or she will spread positive word of mouth to others, this can boost up the company’s image, however, negative attitudes towards the product may have a big impact on both reputation and sales of the company. This essay will outline how consumer attitudes are formed and affect the behavior of consumers. Next, the difference in behavior and attitudes on product choice and purchase when consumers are rational or irrational decision makers will...
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...AMB200 Consumer Behaviour Tutorial Workbook Weeks 2 to 7 Semester 2, 2015 Tutorial 1 – Philosophical assumptions Activity 1 - What are your philosophical assumptions about consumer behaviour? Learning Objectives Upon successful completion of this tutorial, students should be able to: * compare and contrast the philosophical assumptions about consumer behaviour * use examples and theories to explain their own consumer behaviour Part A - Knowledge 1. Fill in the table below by circling the view that best reflects your opinion ACTING ON FREE WILL HIGHLY INFLUENCED Proactive Consumers mainly act on their own initiative Reactive Consumers mainly respond to stimuli from the outside world Uniqueness Consumers are unique and cannot be compared with other consumers Universality Consumers are basically similar Freedom Consumers are basically in control of their behaviour and understand their motives Determinism The behaviour of people is basically out of their control and determined by external forces A B Variation Consumer behaviour and attitudes change significantly through their lifetime Stability Consumer behaviours and attitudes are relatively stable and unchanging over time Nature Consumers inherit characteristics that influence how they behave Nurture Forces in the environmental are the key influence on a consumer’s behaviour A ...
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