...an important event in your childhood. What does this event tell you about yourself in terms of Erikson’s stages? My important event in my childhood is when I won my drums recital at age 7 because I won the competition against 30 other drummers. I think that is the most important event in my childhood because I was able to accomplish something at a very young age and it just brings me joy and all my competitors looked up and idolized me that time. What this event tells me about myself is that you can make everything happen you just have to make that effort to do it 2. Circle what you believe was your resolution at each of the psychosocial stages below and then give a reason for your choice: AGE | STAGE | WHY? | 0 - 1 | Trust vs. Mistrust Trust | I choose trust because if you’re an infant your still finding someone to trust such as your mother | 1 - 3 | Self-reliance vs. Self-doubt Self-reliance | I choose self-reliance because, self reliance is the same thing as having confidence in everything will make you achieve everything | 3 - 6 | Initiative vs. Guilt Initiative | I choose initiative because I like to face challenges and I like making the right choices against the bad one | 6 - 12 | Industry vs. Inferiority Industry | I choose industry because I survive everything life throws at me and there is nothing to be afraid of if you are always doing right thing | Adolescence | Identity vs. Role Confusion Identity ...
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...What are the most important years in life for human development? Human development is a complicated and controversial subject. In the past, childhood has been attributed a majority of the concentration in regards to the development of a human being, and in some cases, adulthood has gotten all of the attention. However there is one perspective that considers all phases of life, known as the life-span perspective, which is universally accepted by most psychologists and implicated into their own respective theories. This perspective was originally introduced by Paul and Margaret Baltes, and was monumental as it considered all phases of life, rather than just childhood or adulthood (Berger 2010). There are five insights which are focused on to describe the context under which development occurs. According to the life-span perspective, development is multidirectional, multicontextual, multicultural, multidisciplinary, and plastic (Berger 2010). Let’s begin with multidirectional. Multidirectional means that human qualities change in all directions. A more traditional belief was that development took place up until the age of 20, becomes stagnant, and then declines. Life-span research has refuted this claim (Berger 2010). For example, when an elderly person’s spouse passes, the newly single elderly person can either lose motivation to live, or expand their social surroundings. Regardless of the outcome, development occurred even in these elderly years. The belief that development...
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...the way; to direct, conduct, convoy, guide.. To direct or refer”. To me, this is a beautiful definition, because I love the thought of teachers guiding, directing, and showing students the way through their lives. I think the main purpose of education is to prepare children for the everyday world and guide them along steady, successful paths. Parents, of course, play a big role in this as well, but it is teachers that give children the fundamentals of every subject, teach them about all of the wonderful and not so wonderful things in the world, and fuel a curiosity to learn more. I believe that a good teacher should be an inspiration to all of their students to do well in school, and to pursue their dreams. It is some of the best teachers that I have had that inspired me to become a teacher and make an impact on other children’s lives. I want to not only be a source of knowledge for my students, but also someone that they can trust and look to for guidance. The biggest thing that I was able to take from this class is a greater understanding of the learning process through the different stages of childhood development. Since my sister and I are the youngest out of all my extended family, I have never really had the chance to see a child grow up and move through all of the stages. Before this class, I never really realized how large of changes there were between the stages, and I didn’t have a clue when each stage happened. I now have a...
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...of psychology has led to the development of a number of different theories about how personality develops. Different schools of thought in psychology influence many of these theories. Psychologists seek to describe personality characteristics and to explain how personality develops. As psychologists seek to define personality, a theory of personality is developed. This research paper examines six major tenants that are fundamental to the development of a personality theory. First, research is provided to explore the tenants of nature versus nurture, the unconscious, and view of self. These tenants build the basis under a broad area of foundations of personality. Second, research is provided to examine the tenants of development, motivation, and maturation. As these tenants are studied, a view on the progression of personality is developed. A third aspect of this research is an investigation into Biblical principles of developing a personality theory. To explore the six major tenants of a personality theory, this research paper analyzes scholarly journal articles and scholarly books published from 2007 to 2014. The findings of this research are valuable in developing a theory of personality that includes important Biblical integration. A Theory of Personality How is a theory of personality developed? Psychologists have long studied the development of human personality. The debate of “What influences the things people do and do not do?" has been ongoing...
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...personal responsibility. Any definition of personal responsibility encompasses various components. In this essay I will be discussing the components that suit my definition of personal responsibility, and how they relate to each other. These components are personal freedom, empowerment, trust, opportunity, and self-determination. I will also be discussing the correlation between personal responsibility and educational success, as well as, sharing my preliminary plan for practicing personal responsibility in my educational goals. When you accept personal responsibility you are utilizing your personal freedom in a positive manner. You are making a conscious choice to move yourself into a level of maturity. You are able to acknowledge your actions and decisions, and readily accept the consequences of your actions and decisions. Appropriate use of personal freedom will produce appropriate outcomes. When you receive appropriate outcomes, you experience empowerment vs. reaping an outcome that becomes a consequence; in which case you experience discouragement and self-doubt. As you can see, personal freedom directly correlates with empowerment. Through empowerment of self you gain the motivation and self assurance to control an exigent environment and the ultimate outcome. “Exigence is an outside force, an imperative, difficulty, emergency, or other situation beyond the control of the participant that influences choices and behaviors, positively or negatively. It is something...
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...| TERM REPORT EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP | | | | | GROUP MEMBERS Ahmad Ismail Ayesha Ajaz Fatima Tauseef Maida Ajmal Minhaj Mahdi Syeda Rida Abbas | Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 3 Leadership and Communication 5 Motivating Self and Others 5 Self-Discipline 7 Coaching and Mentoring 7 Networking 8 Work-Life Balance and Relationship Management 9 Personal Branding 10 Identification and Implementation 10 The Advice 11 Conclusion 11 Executive Summary We interviewed Mr. Pasha based on the various topics that we discussed in class and tried to understand how these various aspects apply in both his professional as well as personal life. The report begins with the introduction of Mr. Ali Khurram Pasha and his professional career and then covers the aspects that make someone an effective leader as well as a successful person. The valuable advice that Mr. Pasha gave has also been included. It reminded us of the importance of exploring different avenues and opportunities and making mistakes. He affirmed that it is okay to fail and make mistakes. Therefore, we should not hesitate in trying out new opportunities. Introduction Mr. Ali Khurram Pasha is a well renowned personality in the corporate world. He established his career and a position in the Human Resource sector in a short period of time. This was purely a result of his passion towards...
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...stage is characterized by a psychosocial crisis of these two conflicting forces (as shown in the table below). If an individual does indeed successfully reconcile these forces (favoring the first mentioned attribute in the crisis), he or she emerges from the stage with the corresponding virtue. For example, if an infant enters into the toddler stage (autonomy vs. shame and doubt) with more trust than mistrust, he or she carries the virtue of hope into the remaining life stages.[1] Hopes: trust vs. mistrust (oral-sensory, birth – 2 years)[edit] * Existential Question: Can I Trust the World? The first stage of Erik Erikson's theory centers around the infant's basic needs being met by the parents and this interaction leading to trust or mistrust. Trust as defined by Erikson is "an essential truthfulness of others as well as a fundamental sense of one's own trustworthiness."[5] The infant depends on the parents, especially the mother, for sustenance and comfort. The child's relative understanding of world and society come from the parents and their interaction with the child. A child's first trust is always with the parent or caregiver; whomever...
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...1. Leadership- plays a vital role in the education community because the structure of schools works from the top down. a. Administrators take care of the technical aspects of keeping a school functioning, and supervise teachers to insure standards are being met. b. Teachers are responsible for implementing classroom instruction to help students gather the information they need to be successful in life. In most cases this instruction is focused on specific topics in which the teacher is the expert. c. “Invitational Leadership” by John Novak 1. “School leaders are like long distance runners. Neither wants to run out of steam, head in the wrong direction or face obstacles they cannot handle.” (44) 2. Invitational leadership seeks to invite all people to bring forth their own strengths and abilities to reach their highest potential. 3. Invitational leadership relies on: (45 &46) * Foundations- made up of democratic ethos, self-concept theory, perceptual tradition, and the goal of educational living. * Assumptions- must include respect, trust, care, optimism, and intentionality. 4. The 6 C’s- Leaders are to keep these in mind when trying to facilitate invitational leadership and seek change. (54) 1. Concern- It is important to recognize the difference between a preference and a concern. A preference is something you would like to see happen. A concern is focused on a specific element that needs to be changed. 2. Confer- It is important for the individual...
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...A person’s lifespan is from the moment of conception through death. Lifespan development is the different stages a person passes through as he or she develops. Perspective of lifespan development understands the changes that occur in development. Freud and Piaget have very different theories of lifespan development. Freud’s theory is a basis of id, ego, and superego, whereas Piaget’s is a cognitive development that occurs over a person’s lifetime. Nature and Nurture are more than perspectives in lifespan development they influence how and who a person will be. Lifespan development is the time from conception to death as a person develops and grows; the perspective in relationship to human development is lifelong, and theories of lifespan development can be seen in Freud, and Piaget, while the influences of a person life is nature and nurture. What is Lifespan Development A person’s lifespan begins as a fetus and as it develops and grows for nine months in the womb becoming a person either male or female will continue through stages in a his or her life. The study of human development is a science seeking to understand how humans change over their lifetime (Berger, 2008). The changes a person goes through as he or she grows can be linear-gradual, predictable, steady, but normally they are none of these. The common stages are birth, infancy, adolescence, adulthood, old age, and the ending death. To define lifespan development is also to mention that humans in their lifetime...
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...This means that a teacher may criticize between two positive comments. First a positive comment, then a correction and end with hope and support. This is the sandwich of encouragement and hope. B4. Peers and self esteem Adolescence and childhood are life periods which change the outfit and the inner character of a child. Besides the academic competence, appearance and approval from others play an crucial role for children. Furthermore, opinions of their peers are important for their behavior. These external domains affect their self-esteem. They will choose opportunities and doing things that appreciated by others. (Brittany Thorne, >2008, University of Houston). Also, a child’s self-esteem can be affected of how it interpret and give meaning to various events. The need of friendship or belonging in a group as a member influences a student’s behavior. Lilian Katz (1995, p. 2) mention that “As they grow, children become increasingly sensitive to the evaluations of their peers. You and your child’s teachers can help your child learn to build healthy relationships...
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...Amber Garvin NBT – Classroom Management, Engagement, & Motivation Task # 642.1.1: Classroom Management Theories Classroom Management A. The Importance of Classroom Management The fundamental goal of an educator is to effectively teach their students. Therefore, the effectiveness of an educator’s classroom management is directly correlated to the student’s educational success. Moreover, an effective classroom management strategy contributes to an attentive and orderly classroom, providing the students with self-motivation, essential in early childhood development. “Self-motivation is a continuing process and the only way we become better and stronger is to create a few mistakes a long the way and also face a few setbacks” (Solis, 2009). Providing first graders with a concise and understandable classroom management plan, creates a creative, caring, and convivial learning environment. A1a. Self-management Classroom management is very important for students as well as teachers. Teaching first graders self-management is one factor of classroom management. Student-centered instruction is one way to teach first graders self-management. This type of method teaches students to verbally communicate with others in an appropriate way, giving the teacher the ability to successfully create a fun and exciting learning environment. Just because a classroom is noisy does not mean it is not a well-managed classroom. Students need to feel they belong and be given the freedom...
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...Final Paper: Personal Theory of Counseling or Psychotherapy Student: Student ID # COUN 6722 Program: MS in Marriage, Couple and Family Counseling Specialization: Trauma and Crisis Intervention Walden University May 18, 2012 The final paper for this course will demonstrate my ability to understand, integrate and apply theories of counseling and psychotherapy based on teachings from the course. My personal theory of counseling or psychotherapy will be presented by examining my basic view of human nature and the key factors I strongly believe account for changes in behavior. The nature of the therapist-client relationship and its relative importance will be explained as well as the key functions and role of the therapist. Key goals of therapy will be described and the particular techniques and procedures specific to my preferred therapeutic approach will be noted. Lastly, the populations and/or client issues best suited and least suited for the named approach will be discussed. View of Human Nature My basic view of human nature is similar to the ideals of Thomas Hobbes. He perceived humans as individuals who are driven by specific desires which motivate their behaviors. Exhibiting certain behaviors will satisfy the desires (Malcolm, 2002). Hobbes’ theory coincides with my own that humans have the ability to decide whether to alter their behaviors to ultimately fulfill their desires (trial and error) or to relinquish their original desires in exchange for more...
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...of perceptions and beliefs about oneself". It includes all the thoughts, feelings and beliefs. The self is who we really are as a person. It is our inner personality that is influenced by our life experiences and our interpretations from those experiences. The two main sources that affect and influence our self-concept are experiences we had from our childhood and the evaluation of other people. Rogers’ humanistic approach states that the self-concept has three components: 1. Self-Worth/Self-Esteem: This is what and how we think about ourselves. Self-worth is developed in the early stages of childhood and formed based on the interaction the child has had with his or her parents. Self-worth does not necessarily have to reflect reality. 2. Self-Image: This is how we see ourselves and includes our perception of our body image and inner personality. Self-image has a profound effect on how a person thinks, how he or she feels, and how to behave in this world. 3. Ideal self – This is the idealized version of ourselves created out of what we have learned from our life experiences, the demands of society, and role models whom we admire. It consists of our goals and ambitions in life, and is always changing. Congruence and Incongruence Rogers believed that people want to feel, experience and behave in ways that are consistent with our self-image, and shows a reflection of what we would like to be like, which is our ideal-self. Congruence is defined as having fairly...
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...PREVENTION OF OBESITY IN CHILDHOOD Introduction What is health The World Health Organisation (WHO 1986)defines health as a state of complete physical ,mental and social well being and not just the absence of disease and infirmity. Forster (2002) confirms that health is generally seen in terms of people being ill or well but indicates that this is a simplistic view, as being well or ill are not entirely separate notions but in fact overlap to some degree. Forster(2002) while concurring with the definition of health as provided by the WHO (1986) adds that this definition provides a positive view of health and suggest that health fluctuates over time along a continuum, good and poor health appearing at opposite poles of the continuum. Ewles and Simnett(2003) also suggest that health is determined by many factors such as Physical health, body function, Societal health living accomodation ,employment status , Spiritual health, religious beliefs and moral values or behaviours, Social health being able to sustain relationships and make friends, Emotional health the ability to cope with depression, stress and anxiety. Therefore an individuals health position along this continuum is variable but no distinct demarcation line between health and ill health exists. With regards to the definition given it is argued that health professionals interventions should focus on helping the clients ,individuals, families and communities to gain health related knowledge, attitudes and practice associated...
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...Abstract Data in regards to the rates of vaccinations among child has been decreasing. The reasons cited by parents are wide with concerns and fears leading to refusal. Healthcare providers play a major role in providing information for patients with questions regarding vaccinations and nurses are often on the front line when it comes to battling the resurgence of diseases such as the measles and pertussis. These providers must be comfortable, and understand the reasoning while discussing the reason for the vaccination, their schedule, and the effects of vaccines. There are several ways nurses and healthcare providers can help reduce the fear, and bring understanding to the parent who may be refusing vaccines. Some factors the nurse is unable to change, however there are ways to be able to make vaccinations more accessible to the whole population. Since vaccinations laws in the US were enacted in the 1960’s and 70’s, childhood vaccinations have been required to occur before beginning school. By the 1980’s all 50 states including DC required vaccinations for entrance into public school. Exemptions could be made for families that made the decision to refuse vaccinations based upon medical reason, religious reason, or personal philosophy (Blendall & Farre, 2012). Rates for non-medical reasons to withhold vaccinations have increased significantly over the past years, despite the evidence that communicable disease have declined, and documented safety...
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