...1 THE ECONOMIC MOTIVES FOR CHILD ALLOWANCES: ALTRUISM, EXCHANGE OR VALUE OF INDEPENDENCE? Lisa Farrell*, Paul Frijters** and Michael A. Shields* * Department of Economics, University of Melbourne, Australia ** Tinbergen Institute, Free University Amsterdam, Netherlands August 2002 (preliminary draft) Abstract This paper looks inside the “black box” of the family and examines the determinants of inter vivos transfers in the form of allowances given to children. We consider in a simple model two main competing explanations for the transfer of money from parents to children in the form of regular allowances, namely altruism and exchange. We also extend the altruism framework to include unobserved child heterogeneity in monetary autonomy or the 'value of independence'. We use a unique dataset drawn from the British Family Expenditure Survey, which enables us to explicitly test both the inter-generational predictions of the various models, and through a study of siblings, we are also able to consider the intra-household aspects of such payments. Using both random (inter-household) and fixed-effect (intra-household) estimators, we find robust evidence of an nshape relationship between a child's external income and the receipt of allowances from parents. Importantly, this estimated profile does not fit the predications of simple models of altruism or exchange, but does fit an altruism model with unobserved heterogeneity. Further support for the importance of the value of independence...
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...“Nothing - I just thought the rain droplets are pretty,” there’s a hint of wanting, begging, in her voice. Taehyung understood what she wanted immediately, and sighed. “You’re asking for the impossible, Myeongeun.” Her heart dropped a little as ‘impossible’ rolled off his tongue. She nod slowly, twice, and gazed at the park which seemed gloomy, as it was drenched. A sigh escaped her small, pouty lips. Taehyung heard her almost inaudible sigh and kissed her left shoulder a few times, trying to distract her from whatever she was thinking about at the moment. His arms circled her waist before bringing her body close to his. Her back touched his chest, the contact made Myeongeun smile a little. “Taehyung…” Taehyung simply put his chin on her shoulder. “Do you want pasta for dinner? I found a new recipe for the carbonara sauce, thought we could give it a try,” Myeongeun tilted her head and laid it over her fiancé’s. “Don’t you think it’s a little early for dinner, love?” She emitted a soft chuckle. He tensed for a second at ‘love’. He didn’t think he could ever get used to this nickname. Taehyung released his arms and stepped back. Myeongeun felt the warmth fading suddenly therefore she looked back. She had seen Taehyung’s eyes with this particular expression before, knowing what was happening, she looked down. “Sorry,” she muttered. “It’s not your fault,” Taehyung said, trying to sound reassuring, although deep down inside, in a little corner of his heart, he screamed...
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..."You have 30 minutes to get ready old man! You're being timed!" A deep voice, most likely Taehyungs, yelled. Pushing the two off of him, he groaned and lazily sat up. "Get out and I can get ready. Do you two ever find any chill?" he bluntly spoke as he stood up. The two men shrugged and walked out, leaving the blonde to get ready. At around 9:50, he was ready to go. Wearing a black long sleeve sweater with a muscle shirt underneath, a random pair of blue jeans which he would change into a pair of shorts when he went to rehearse and a pair of converse. It wasn't very stylish but in the next hour he would be sweating and moving around too much to care. Walking out of his room, the boys all started to head out but he stopped in his tracks when he felt a tug on his sleeve. Turning on his heel, his eyes landed on the redhead named Kihyun...
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...fraudulent information being done to the person and they are not aware until they go and try to get some credit. But, we should be taking a look at our credit report at least every sic months. Money Management, this article is about talks about a plan of the Australian Securities Investments Commission (ASIC). On how to conduct a financial planning exercise, he also talks about the need of ASIC to adopt more measured approach on any enforcement and actions involving this exercise. To me this article is relevant to the fact as you have to plan a budget in order to succeed. We normally set up a budget in our household so, we can manage our daily expenses. It really takes some discipline in order to manage your money. References Taehyung, K., Dunn, L. F., & Gene...
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..."Jisungie!" "Taetae samchon!" The two's loud voice pulled Jimin out from his trance and he looks over to see his best friend, picking up his child and spinning him around. "Aigoo~ Who's my favorite nephew~?" "Samchon, I'm your only nephew." Jimin smiles at their interaction. However, his smile shrinks when he catches the sight of two panting figures coming their way. "Kim Taehyung! You put that boy down THIS INSTANT!" Jin shouts, stomping his way over to take -almost snatching- Jisung away from the man, making him pout. "Where were you guys? We're worried sick!" Taehee frowns, making Jimin feel bad instantly. "We searched the whole zoo for you guys! Look, I'm all sweaty now!" Jin huffs letting the boy in his arms down. Feeling bad, little Jisung pouts and hugs him around the waist, "I'm so sorry, Jin samchon. I didn't mean it." Everyone knows Jin has a soft spot for Jimin, needless to say, the man's son too. "Aww~ It's okay, cutie. I forgive you. Come along now, samchon's buying ice cream!" Jin chimes happily and reaches his hand out for Jisung to hold. Cheering, the boy skips alongside Jin who now has Taehyung clinging onto him, basically begging for the man to buy him one too. Taehee shifts her gaze away from the trio to Jimin, still frowning. He can only grin cheekily and sings, "I'm sorry, Jagiya~" His tactic obviously didn't work. She scoffs and looks away from him. So, with a pout, he moves to pull her into a hug, rocking their bodies from side to side. "I'm really really...
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...course, we don’t live in the ‘dinosaur’ era anymore. We live in a modern time and we still change, but this time, it’s for social survival in a cruel and judgemental society. It’s not a good thing, but it’s ultimately inevitable, as most of the time, it may be subconscious. Personalities are altered every single day, and each time it is ‘altered’, the mask inspissates. Thinking about masks and conformity especially make me think of idol Taehyung’s music video: “Singularity.” No, you don’t have to listen to the song to understand what it means. From my interpretation of the video, the idol was alone in darkness, surrounded by eldritch ivory masks. He states that he “buried [his] voice for you” and says “tell me if my voice isn’t real” (Kim Taehyung). At one point, he extends his hand to reach for one of the masks, and he places it on himself, covering his face. The video was symbolism for hiding one’s genuine self in order to be loved by others, up until the point your own voice is drowned out by the fake ones. Conformity: “a type of social influence involving a change in belief or behaviour in order to fit in with a group” (SimplyPsychology). People conform to fit in, and it can be good sometimes. When I look in the mirror, I see the exterior of me, I don’t think about the interior, as a mirror’s purpose is rather vain. Although, sometimes I stop and look for just a couple seconds, and I realize “this is me.” It’s not a distressing matter. People aren’t lost and people do have...
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...A Study on Violence Against Buddhism by Korean Protestantism: Centering on the Wonmyeong Temple and Bongeun Temple Incidents Introduction: Violent Attacks on Buddhism by Protestants In the past, there have been numerous incidents where extremist Korean Protestants have damaged statues of the Buddha or Buddhist temples. Such incidents pose serious risks to society as these examples of destruction do not only disregard a certain religion, but are also highly violent in nature. Many high-profile cases have been reported: Arson of the Daejeokgwangjeon of Geumsansa Temple in 1986; the destruction of a stone pagoda and lantern of Okcheonam Temple in Hongeun-dong in 1989; the damaging of the Tangible Cultural Asset No. 17 stone-carved Buddha Statue in 1989; the enclosing of a shrine and burning of a Buddha statue by an army officer in Siheung, Gyeonggi-do in 1993; the arrest of a pastor and his fellows by local police officers for destroying a Buddha statue in Thailand in 1994; a Buddhist accidently killed while he was trying to prevent a Christian from intruding into a Buddhist monastery to distribute Christian missionary materials in 1996; the destruction, damage of 750 Buddha statues in Jeju by a Christian (named Kim) in his attempt to transform Wonmyeong Temple into a church in 1998; the damaging of the Buddha statue at Dongguk University in 2000; and the frenzy over a video clip about missionary students doing a performance involving stepping on the Bongeun Temple site...
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