...“A&P” and “Gryphon” have two very unique story plots yet they seem to resemble one interesting characteristic that develops throughout the story leading to an interesting turn of events. The stories are both told in first person narrative and have a sort of interesting rebellious appeal to them. It begins with the contrast between the stories plot development but leads to a troublesome “fork in the road” type scenario that puts an interesting twist onto the conclusion of the story. Some may see rebelliousness as acting against the norm but “John Updike” the author of A&P tells a tale of how two different sets of people both defy society and begin paving a way of change into the new generation. “Gryphon’s” story set is told from how a change in the way we think may leave us changing the way we live our lives. The stories may seem to have different alternatives overall but the way they are portrayed by the authors have a similar comparative aspect that can be looked at from both angles regardless of the storyline. When someone seems destined to choose a different path in life often times people may see this person as an outcast or indifferent to some. In A&P Sammy seems to not to be fulfilled with the way he spends his dull uneventful youth life ultimately leading to the defiance and betrayed to his boss over a deemed inappropriate act. “"Is it done?" he asks, the responsible married man finding his voice. I forgot to say he thinks he's going to be manager some sunny...
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...story was written is not the same, both of these nonfiction stories share a common theme. The subject of that theme is one where an elder teaches a person younger than themselves, the ways of their ancestors through religion or culture. Misunderstandings bought forth by failed communication is another theme that these two stories have in common. Both themes explain that a profound gap exists between the older and newer generation of people, regardless of the time period each one is in. For instance, in the story, “Who Will Light the Incense When Mother’s Gone“, the author writes about a Vietnamese teenager who has to learn the ways of his newfound American culture due to the pressure of his current times. While in the story, “Salvation”, the black American was pressured to follow and believe in Christianity in order to display obedience within his community. Both stories portray different cultural perspectives but they both provide a similar theme when it comes to values that are instilled into the younger generation through the methods used by the older generation. In each of these stories, the author provides a main character as the narrator, who also portrays the author himself. Each author is writing about a conflict that he had experienced in his younger years. Although both of these stories are nonfiction or based on a fact or actual experience, both authors still have to include their imagination in order to portray their experiences. This is necessary in order for the...
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...how they are related 6. Understand the leader’s role in fostering creativity and innovation in individuals and teams 7. Understand the leader’s role in designing systems for fostering creativity and innovation in an organization Objectives of the Assignment ▪ To show ability in finding facts and defining the problems for the purpose of establishing the framework for idea generation. ▪ To display the competencies of using the creative tools and techniques for idea generation. ▪ To exhibit the competencies in evaluating ideas and making comparison against available alternatives. QUESTION You are Product Development Manager of an existing company that manufactures consumer products. The company plans to introduce a new product and sustain their competitive position in the market. As such, you are assigned by the company’s CEO to come up with a new product offering and present a proposal of the new product concept that appeal to the market. Your proposed product concept needs to be realistic and marketable within five (5) years. It is important that your product concept be able to show how innovative in comparison to the available alternatives in relation to Building security and control system. Source: http://theconstructor.org/building/building-security-control/6973/ In addition, the value it can specifically provide to the targeted market. You are required...
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...Article Overview: The persistent success of technology based companies depends on their proficiency in creating next generation products and their derivatives. They found that most of the companies were unable to complete such projects on schedule. The companies also had difficulty developing the derivative products needed to fill the gaps in the market that their next-generation products would create. The root cause problem was in the product definition phase and not spontaneously; all the successful companies have learned how to handle the technical and marketplace uncertainties in their product definition processes. Paper describes the actions of companies used as best practices which can improve the definition phase of any company's product-development process. They have grouped the techniques into three categories and carefully lay out the steps that companies need to take as they work through each stage. They can help companies capture new markets without major delays and tools used by managers facing the uncertainty that goes with developing products for a global marketplace. The product strategy being first step to create a clear map of company’s product stream for next 2 years. The challenge is to keep no holes for competitors to exploit opportunities. This step defines the product streams to include both products and their derivatives and it may not be final and can be revised at various miles stones in future. The second step to develop project organization which...
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...Product Development Process System of defined steps and tasks such as strategy, organization, concept generation, marketing plan creation, evaluation, and commercialization of a new product. It is a cycle by means of which an innovative firm routinely converts ideas into commercially viable goods or services. The overall process of strategy, organization, concept generation, product and marketing plan creation and evaluation, and commercialization of a new product. Innovative new products are the fuel for the most powerful growth engine you can connect to. You can grow without new products--AT&T sold essentially the same telephones for decades while becoming the world's largest telecommunications concern--but most small companies will find it difficult to grow at all, much less rapidly, without a constant stream of new products that meet customer needs. What is new product development (NPD)? To create the next product in a company’s product line a design team goes through product development process steps. Starting with a product idea, the team moves through several stages to generate all the details and documents needed to get the product built. A NEW product development (NPD) process goes through the same steps, however as this product has not been developed by the team before, new risks and uncertainties are introduced and often additional information is documented and shared with manufacturing. Basic new product development steps There are five basic steps in a new product...
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...LP 1 New Product Development Idea Generation: This is the stage where the idea is created and designed Development: The CDs will be designed and tested, during this stage manufacturing process will be considered in developing the CD it must play the highest quality and should be durable. Test Marketing: During the testing stage it should be tested in the lab, friend and families before proceeding to the real customers. Business Analysis: Information should be collected by recording label on the market competition, estimated sales, estimated cost, expected rate of return and profitability (this should be easy as the company is been run from the garage of the band leader who is not expecting to receive any pay for the next 3 years. Introduction/Launch: Once the CDs have been tested to make sure it works the way it should, it is made available to customers, most times some companies will launch it at once or launch it to a select group or in phases. The similarities can be seen the ideas stated above and the New-Product development process in the text book such as the Concept Development which can be compared to the idea generation, development stage some of the stages intertwine with another. The Product design which is the stage of designing the actual product which is similar to the development and testing phase of the product to ensure it meets the specifications and durability expected. Pilot Production/ Testing in this stage the products requires testing before they...
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...people around the world. We have a firm commitment to serve diverse communities with products and services that reflect the latest trends in innovation and the highest quality at reasonable prices to match consumer expectations and needs. We have established a culture founded on individual accountability that expects employees at all levels us to communicate openly and transparently; any strategic, operational, or financial challenges we face are viewed through a comprehensive moral and ethical lens. Every employee is responsible for escalating issues that pose risk or harm to the organization. We candidly discuss business risk by making all relevant facts available to various constituencies, which in turn offers diversity of opinion so that we may consider many possible solutions. Transparency and openness also bolster our credibility with our external stakeholders (Abdullah, 2014), so preserving our values in the face of adverse circumstances is of the utmost importance. Product introduction delays are once such circumstance that introduces a number of negative consequences we must approach with integrity. Delays can reduce the window of revenue-generation opportunity and can cause our products to become obsolete faster (Singhal & Hendricks, 2008); as a result, we have to analyze the financial position of our product in the Malaysian market; calculate the cost of delay (including product lifecycle); and adjust initiatives throughout R&D, Labor, Sales, Marketing, and...
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...model for NPD: "The New Product Development Cycle" The NPD cycle is a circular arrangement of product development stages that result in the commercialization of new products. The stages for NPD consist of planning, design and prototype, production and pilot production, distribution, sales and marketing, and after sales servicing stages. Although there is a logical progression through the stages, after a product is developed, the cycle is continuous in order to promote improvement. Different phases of the projects rotate through the NPD cycle at the discretion of senior management. Planning Planning stages of NPD project are usually geared toward international business when feasible in order to increase geographical markets and market potential. With an increased market potential, the NPD investment decisions become more salable (Terpstra & Sarathy, 1991). Concept development occurs during the planning stages and includes new product and process ideas from many sources. Inputs from all areas of the organization, customers, noncustomers, suppliers and external research organizations are taken into consideration for new product concepts. The organization constantly expands its knowledge base and access to information to increase the number of new product and process ideas considered for development. Instituting procedures and incentives that encourage innovation and input from all parts of the organization continually increase the number of product concepts considered...
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...Market definition 8 3.2 Total market size 8 3.3 Market need 8 3.4 Estimated segment size 9 Using a product development process 10 Process application – Opportunity identification and selection 10 Concept generation 10 Concept/Project evaluation 10 Defining the product protocol 11 Conclusion 12 Recommendations 13 References 14 Executive Summary New product development in tourism companies has been a nearly ignored theme in tourism marketing. Research on product development has in major studies handled destinations, development of resorts or sites as a total tourist product. We will aim to identify the major problems as well as key phases of the new product development process in tourism. We will have the challenge to innovate more and more attractive activities to fulfil the customers’ needs for emotional experiences. The theoretical framework is based on the traditional product (and services) development theory, which suggests it to be a process of following stages: idea generation, service concept development and evaluation, business analysis, service development and testing, market testing, commercialisation and post introduction evaluation. We will evaluate the usefulness of the traditional product development model in the direction of creating a service to give adventurous experiences to tourists. INTRODUCTION The service concept, the core product is built on an idea of e.g. hard adventure, soft adventure, water sports etc. The concept is then developed...
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...steps in the new product development process. • Step 1: Idea Generation – Begin from many sources: suggestions from customers, the sales force, R&D specialist, competing products, suppliers, retailers, and independent inventors. • Step 2: Screening – Separate ideas with commercial potential from those that cannot meet company objectives. – Some organizations maintain checklists of development standards in determining whether a project should be abandoned or considered further. – These checklists typically include factors such as product uniqueness, availability of raw materials, and the proposed product’s compatibility with current product offerings, existing facilities, and present capabilities. • Step 3: Business Analysis – A product idea that survives the initial screening must then pass a thorough business analysis. – This stage consists of accessing the new product’s potential market, growth rate, and likely competitive strengths. • Step 4: Development – Financial outlays increase substantially as a firm converts an idea into a visible product. – The conversion process is the joint responsibility of firm's development engineers, who turn the original concept into a product, – and its marketers, who provide feedbacks on consumer reactions to the product design, package, color, and other physical features. • Step 5: Test Marketing – Many firms test market their new-product offerings to gauge consumer reaction. – The purpose is to verify that the product will perform...
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...and engineering, new product development (NPD) is the term used to describe the complete process of bringing a new product to market. A product is a set of benefits offered for exchange and can be tangible (that is, something physical you can touch) or intangible (like a service, experience, or belief). There are two parallel paths involved in the NPD process: one involves the idea generation, product design and detail engineering; the other involves market research and marketing analysis. Companies typically see new product development as the first stage in generating and commercializing new products within the overall strategic process of product life cycle management used to maintain or grow their market share. Contents [hide] * 1 The process * 2 Fuzzy Front End * 3 NPD organizations * 4 NPD strategies * 5 Related fields * 6 See also * 7 References | [edit] The process 1. Idea Generation is often called the "fuzzy front end" of the NPD process * Ideas for new products can be obtained from basic research using a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities & Threats), Market and consumer trends, company's R&D department, competitors, focus groups, employees, salespeople, corporate spies, trade shows, or Ethnographic discovery methods (searching for user patterns and habits) may also be used to get an insight into new product lines or product features. * Lots of ideas are being generated about the new product. Out of these ideas...
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...Google: New-Product Innovation at the Speed of Light 1. Based on the information in this chapter, identify major similarities and differences between the new-product development process at Google versus that found at most other companies. Google follows only five of the eight steps of the new product development process, which are: idea generation, idea screening, concept development and testing, and commercialization. The new product development process at Google is characterized by being fast, fluent, and without limits. Google encourages their employees to think outside the box and come up with new innovative ideas (idea generation and idea screening step). Then, once they have an idea proposed they send it to testing and start developing their product right away. They are not into having 2-year production and design plans (concept development and testing, and product development step). After this, they try to put a product into use no more than 6 months after development has started (commercialization). In the case of Twitter, they also come up with new ideas and some of them may be put to market without taking too much time developing the product. Similar to Google, Twitter keeps their innovations within the company. Nike is very different to Google. They do follow the eight steps in the new product development and take longer than Google to develop their products. Nike takes longer developing their products because they analyze and study what innovations their...
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...kept our spirit alive to strive for knowledge and integrity which enable us to reach Milestone. We would also like to express enormous gratitude to our respectable teacher “Mam Malka Liaqat” for providing the direction, all scope of this report and for helping us in refining our effort and ideas. We also acknowledge the help and pleasant gathering of all our class Fellows. We are also thankful to all of those people who helped us in Accomplishing our report. Executive Summary Production strategy is critical to effective international operations. Since most goods and services have very limited lives, MNE’s must continually provide new offerings and this can be accomplished only through a well-formulated production strategy. The purpose of report is to understand how MNE’s carry out this process. In doing so, we have focused on the entire range of production strategies from research and development to manufacturing, to shipment, and to the final international destination. We have discussed the most current...
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...distinguished amenities, room service, no cover charge. Augment: accessibility to local attractions, atmosphere of the restaurant/ bar/ casino, interactions with employees or other guests. 3. ARAMARK might believe that attaching a brand like “ Burger King” to their product that they are different themselves from the other competition. By attaching themselves to a hamburger brand, they are ensuring a level of quality in their food. ARAMARK is making itself look like the dominant presence in the market to customer who might not have been familiar with it. Using brand of equity of Burger King will attract the regular customers. 4. Making the process for new product development Idea Generation: create a large range of possible ideas. Idea Screening: sort through all ideas to find the good ones. Concept development: determining market and fits. Marking strategy: molding the concept to the market. Product development: product into a prototype Market testing: test product in realistic setting Commercialization: launching of a product. 5. It does not because new product ideas are created prior to them becoming a complaint or issue with the customer. 6. I would consider cities where new product would be most appreciated or purchased. 7. People have expectation for brands and they know that expect in terms of what they are getting. 8. To keep a hotel form the declining stage, the...
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...technological changes etc. and the organization’s market share got squeezed down to close to half of the previous figure as a result of their futility in creating new & advanced products right on time, severely harming their brand reputation. However, Medtronic regained their market & product leadership from the late 1980’s through the timely invention of a path-breaking, rate responsive pacemaker named Activitrax, followed by a thorough revamp of their incorporated processes and systems. The gross lack of coordination plaguing the company’s new product development process, resulting directly into the failure to respond fittingly to the market demands or changes, was gradually got rid-off via inculcating the management philosophies (like, assigning highest priorities to the commitments made, creation of a sense of urgency, fetching greater employee productivity, unifying the management and employees etc.). New performance milestones (cycle time, unit product costs, innovative products and product quality) were also set in place with an aim to alleviate the new product development process. A whole new set of processes pertaining to speed of product development cutting through the ‘new idea’ clutter was developed. The new processes were also related to the creation of product platforms, in which a single product can be altered into creating multiple derivatives, thus...
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