...Even though different cultures disapprove of tattoos, there are significant meanings in tribal tattoos because many tribes require tattoos for different cultural reasons. Humans have tattooed their bodies with a variety of symbols showing their religious beliefs, status symbols, declarations of love, or even different forms of punishment. Scientists say that the marks on the skin of the Iceman dating from back to 3300 B.C., are tattoos. Tattoos also can be found on Egyptian and Nubian mummies dating all the way back to about 2000 B.C. The markings found on the ancient Egyptians were done for reasons scientists still debate about. One theory is that only the “dancing girls” were marked with tattoos showing their prostitute status. The other theory is pregnant Egyptian women were tattooed to protect them during birth and “keep everything in” while pregnant. One thing scientist know for sure is that only the woman in the Egyptian society were tattooed. The tattoos that have been found are all of designs across the abdomen, thighs, and breasts. The designs are dots in a net like pattern the flow across the woman’s abdomen, breasts, and thighs. The Greeks and Romans however, referred to tattoos as a “stigmata.” They used tattooing to mark a person showing they belong to a specific religious group or to show they are a criminal. Roman soldiers were required by law to have tattoos on their hands to make it difficult for them if they deserted their group. Tattoos spread...
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...For a long time now body art and decoration has been a custom in many cultural groups. Through research we have learned about the different types of body art and ornamentation such as permanent and nonpermanent tattooing, scarification, and piercings. These forms of body art and ornamentation are done for a variety of reasons, ranging from identification purposes to religious rituals. “Skin, as a visible way of defining individual identity and cultural difference, is not only a highly elaborated preoccupation in many cultures; it is also the subject of wide-ranging and evolving scholarly discourse in the humanities and social sciences” (Schildkrout, 2004). The process of ornamentation and body art is usually a painful experience, but it is a way to signify a person’s self-discovery and their place in society. In this paper, I will explore the different aspects of body art and ornamentation in two different cultures; the Maori people of New Zealand and the Yoruba’s of West Africa and explain the cultural importance of their art. Throughout West Africa it is not uncommon to come across people that have scar stripe patterns on their cheeks. The facial stripes that they wear are not produced by paint or tattoos, like many other cultures, but only by scarification. However, in his article, Orie explains that not all of the Yoruba people have the facial stripes. Okola is a term used for describing someone whose face is scarred, it means ‘the one with facial stripes’. People that...
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...HUE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH ------***------ NGUYEN VAN TUAN TRANSLATION 5 HUE - 2006 1 INTRODUCTION TRANSLATION 5 is a basic course book written for the second-year students of the Department of English, College of Foreign Languages, Hue University. It is intended to equip the students with an overview of translating Vietnamese and English scientific texts. It also helps the students get familiar with the terms related to science and technology as well as the typical structures frequently used in scientific and technological texts. Since the course book has been written for the students to learn either by themselves or in class with a teacher, there will be a course book and assignments. The course book contains the Vietnamese and English socio-politic texts with notes and suggested translations. The assignments contain the Vietnamese and English socio-politic texts that will be translated into either English or Vietnamese by the students. By the end of the course, the students will be able to: - obtain general knowledge of the Vietnamese and English scientific and technological documents. - get familiar with and effectively use scientific and technological terms and typical structures of scientific and technological texts in their translations. - accurately translate scientific and technological texts into English and Vietnamese. On the completion of this course book, I would like to express...
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...according to accounts in VietNamNet and other newspapers. Vedan has reportedly refused to sign off on the report. Nearly fifteen months after Vedan Vietnam was detected discharging large quantities of untreated liquid waste directly into the Thi Vai river, researchers from the HCM City Institute of Environment and Natural Resources (IENR), representatives of farmers in Dong Nai and Ba Ria-Vung Tau provinces and HCM City, local officials and Vedan’s top managers met on December 7 to hear a technical assessment of damage to the river attributable to Vedan’s operations. In this meeting, closed to the press, researchers reportedly held Vedan responsible for eighty to ninety percent of the industrial pollution found in water samples. IENR’s Bui Ta Long said that water samples collected from February-April 2008 indicated that Vedan Vietnam discharged more than 100,000 cubic meters of waste water into the river every month. The area impacted by Vedan-sourced pollution extended for ten kilometers along the Thi Vai River. The river in this area was heavily polluted. The water there was black, stank and was deadly to all kinds of fish. According to newspapers, the Institute’s report states that at least 2700 hectares of aquaculture enterprises were affected by the pollution, some 2000 ‘severely,’ including over 2100 hectares in Dong Nai province and nearly 600 hectares for Ba Ria-Vung Tau. The Environment Agency intends to convene another meeting on December 11 to unify official views...
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...A septic system is a widespread disposal system in rural neighborhoods where the system gets rid of solid waste. Septic systems are used because a public sewage management system is not available or present in these areas. A contemporary septic system contains a cemented tank that can hold approximately 1500-gallon solid waste resulting from residential plumbing drains, can endure many years of operation and is odorless. The septic system dispenses the wastewater into the ground soil where wishful thinking comes into play: the wastewater vaporizing. When wastewater deposited from a septic system is not evaporated within a timely manner or if the deposited wastewater is abnormally larger in volume, the chances of an earth flow is possible to occur. An earth flow is considered the most common form of down slope soil movement in many rural areas. An earth flow is defined as an eroded landmass consisting of sediments and rocks that streams down hill. The speed of an earth flow is very slow and causes trees to grow diagonally slanted, and land ridges and swales form. In addition to a septic system wastewater being a contributing factor in earth flows, lawn over-watering enhances the possibility of fertilizer and pesticide overflows and also contributes to earth flows, which harmfully effects local water worth. Frequently, excessive blade developments, an increase in grass manicuring, and summer fungal diseases are indications that over-watering the lawn is the source...
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...from slaughtered birds bred for meat production. • No vulnerable or endangered species must be used. • All down and feathers must be sterilised according to EU standard EN 12935. Fur • H&M does not sell products made of real fur. Leather • H&M only accepts products made of leather from cows, buffalo, sheep, goats, fish or pigs that have been bred for meat production. No vulnerable or endangered species must be used. • H&M does not sell real exotic animal skins, including but not limited to; snake, alligator, crocodile, lizard and ostrich. • H&M does not allow cow leather originating from India due to poor transport conditions. • Waste water from the tanneries used for H&M’s products must be treated at a waste water treatment plant. Palm oil • H&M buys GreenPalm certificates for the total volume of palm oil used in H&M products each year in order to contribute to the development of more sustainable palm oil production. Shell • H&M does not allow shell products originating from endangered species. Silk • H&M does not allow silk originating from India due to poor working conditions in the Indian silk industry. Wood-based and forest...
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...Government of India Ministry of Finance Department of Economic Affairs Public Private Partnership Projects in India Compendium of Case Studies c Government of India Ministry of Finance Department of Economic Affairs Public Private Partnership Projects in India Compendium of Case Studies December 2010 Public Private Partnership projects in India Compendium of Case Studies © Department of Economic Affairs All rights reserved Published by: PPP Cell, Department of Economic Affairs Ministry of Finance, Government of India New Delhi-110 001, India www.pppinindia.com Disclaimer This Compendium of Case Studies has been prepared as a part of a PPP capacity building programme that is being developed by the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India (DEA) with funding support from the World Bank, AusAID South Asia Region Infrastructure for Growth Initiative and the Public Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF). A consulting consortium, consisting of Economic Consulting Associates Limited (ECA) and CRISIL Risk and Infrastructure Solutions Limited (CRIS), commissioned by the World Bank, has prepared this compendium based on extensive external consultations. ECA and CRIS have taken due care and caution in preparing the contents of this compendium. The accuracy, adequacy or completeness of any information contained in this toolkit is not guaranteed and DEA,World Bank, AusAID, PPIAF, ECA or CRIS are not responsible...
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...The Ashley Treatment has been, and still remains, controversial. A statement written by Ashley’s mom and dad stated that “Ashley had a normal birth, but her mental and motor faculties did not develop. Over the years, neurologists, geneticists, and other specialists conducted every known traditional and experimental test, but still could not determine a diagnosis or a cause. Doctor’s call her condition ‘static encephalopathy of unknown etiology’, which means an insult to the brain of unknown origin or cause, and one that will not improve.” The “The Ashley Treatment” is now a generic phrase coined in the health profession that refers to growth-stunting procedures for children with severe disabilities. This name was given in reference to a collection of medical procedures done for the improvement of Ashley’s quality of life. The treatment includes growth attenuation through high-dose estrogen therapy, hysterectomy to eliminate the menstrual cycle and associated discomfort to Ashley, and breast bud removal to avoid the development of large breasts and the associated discomfort to Ashley. The combination of the surgery and the estrogen therapy attracted a ton of public attention and ethical analysis in early 2007, both supportive and judging. The parents state that they sought such treatment for the best interests of their daughter, namely, to enable them to personally continue constant care for her at home; to maximize her inclusion in family activities; to avoid the cramps and...
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...Case Study: Lyler Furniture BUS/372 March 14, 2011 Case Study: Lyler Furniture On a daily basis, many companies share similar issues concerning waste removal, working conditions and health hazards to employees. Small companies in a city area release toxic chemicals into the environment with little concern that their small contribution will have any effect at all and never consider the bigger picture. Lyler Furiture is such a company plagued with best practice issues and violations of EPA regulations. With careful analysis of operational practices, investigations will provide structure corrections and deployment of best practices of plant operation. No company is above the law and understanding the operational process of Lyler Furniture will allow proper analysis to implementing environmental policies. Lyler Furniture operational workflow is sequential as many other manufacturing facilities. Materials are delivered in the loading bay, stored in the materials room until requested. Manufacturing department appropriates needed material from the material rooms for construction, and then the finishing room completes the manufacturing process with stains, paints, and finishes. After which, orders are processed in the office and finished products are loaded on delivering vehicles in the loading bay to complete consumers’ orders. During the operational process, numerous Environmental Protection Association (EPA) violations and poor work were discovered...
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...Water Quality; Wastewater Management Water Treatment Charles E. Best, Jr TUI University BHE 314 / Module 3 Case December 22, 2010 Professor Dr. Nathaniel Ofoe With the United States growing and cities becoming larger and larger day by day, communities have been battling water shortages all throughout the country. For the past fifty or so years reclaimed water has been used all over the world. Within the course of this case paper I will attempt to compare and contrast the secondary water treatment methods to that of the tertiary water treatment methods. Wastewater treatment is classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment; this is the process of how wastewater actually becomes recycled water. The primary treatment process is the initial stage or in other words the beginning of how organic and inorganic solids are removed via sedimentation and flotation. During this initial stage approximately 40-60% of suspended solids and raw sewage are collected in sedimentation tanks and 25-35% of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is removed from the waste stream. During the secondary treatment the out flowing from the primary treatment process contains residual organic and inorganic material. Secondary treatment systems will remove between 80-95% of suspended solids and (BOD) through two methods known as attached growth and suspended growth. Finally we are at the tertiary treatment process also known as the polishing process where treated...
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...[pic] MSc Industrial Environmental Management MSc Urban Water & Environmental Management WW1104 Case Study Monday 12th – Friday 16th February 2007 (University week 22) Module Tutors: Mr Jim Duncan & Professor Chris Jefferies. [pic] Welcome to Module WW1104A - Industrial Case Study The aim of this module is to assist participants to build on their understanding of the basic principles of environmental management as developed in previous modules. The emphasis throughout will be to complement theoretical knowledge gained in classroom activities with practical application. Students will work in groups to present their work, and most of the module assessment is associated group activity and interaction. Module Format The intensive five-day course is conducted at the University of Abertay Dundee, with visits to industrial and utility sites. The programme consists of seminars and group activities. Emphasis is given to developing teamwork skills and all group sessions will be interactive and will involve group working / discussion. Accommodation Rooms have being reserved at Dudhope Castle and details are given in the Case Study Week programme(see page 4). Module Assessment The module is assessed is by coursework only, which comprises the following THREE elements :- an individual report based on one of the industrial visits. a group report on the evaluation of the...
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...Introduction Hydraulic fracturing, known as fracking, is a means of natural gas extraction employed in deep natural gas well drilling. The fracturing is done from a wellbore drilled into reservoir rock formations. The rock layers are fractured when chemical-laced water and sand are blasted underground to break apart rock and release natural gas. The chemical based water is known as fracking fluid. The fracking fluid injected into the rock is typically a slurry of water, proppants, and chemical additives. Additionally, gels, foams, and compressed gases, including nitrogen, carbon dioxide and air can be injected. Various types of proppant include silica sand, resin-coated sand, and man-made ceramics. These vary depending on the type of permeability or grain strength needed. Sand containing naturally radioactive minerals is sometimes used so that the fracture trace along the wellbore can be measured. Chemical additives are applied to tailor the injected material to the specific geological situation, protect the well, and improve its operation, though the injected fluid is approximately 98-99.5% percent water. (Modern Shale Gas Development in the United States: A Primer, 2009) For each frack, 1-8 million gallons of water and 80 – 300 tons of chemicals may be used to frack a well. A well may be fracked up to 18 times. (Fox, 2010) Figure 1: Hydraulic Fracturing (Albertan, 2011) History Hydraulic fracking of oil and gas wells was first used in the United States in 1947...
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...Wastewater Management * www.pcd.go.th * www.wma.or.th * http://www.cee.mtu.edu/sustainable_engineering/resources/technical/Wastewater_treatment_and_reuse_FINAL.pdf * http://www.energybulletin.net/node/53377 * http://www.il.mahidol.ac.th/e-media/ecology/chapter3/chapter3_water13.htm * http://www.mytripblog.org/pg/blog/thailand-social-manager/read/94475/mangrove-forest-planting * Family Business * http://archive.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/pub_mp-3.pdf * http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/1/26/43654301.pdf * http://gbr.pepperdine.edu/2010/08/the-family-owned-businessa * http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?itemId=1073792654&type=RESOURCES Agricultural Machinery * http://markets.on.nytimes.com/research/markets/usmarkets/industry.asp?industry=52122 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_machinery * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Thailand * http://agricoop.nic.in/Farm%20Mech.%20PDF/05024-09.pdf * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_agricultural_machinery * http://advancingag.com/home/ * http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Thailand-AGRICULTURE.html * http://www.boi.go.th/index.php?page=opp_food * http://www.reportlinker.com/ci02002/Agricultural-Machinery.html * http://thailand.prd.go.th/view_news.php?id=5505&a=2 * http://www.an-anek.com/2010/index.php * http://www.oie.go.th/academic/รายงานการศึกษาเ...
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...The Energy Cooperative and the Clean Power Company are facing some tough decisions ethically and legally. Both companies are going to be faced with large consequences from the decisions made. From a legal standpoint, wrong choices possibly will result in fines and penalties, and possibly imprisonment. From an ethical standpoint, poor decisions will affect profitability, public perception, investor relations and much more. Concern: The Energy Cooperative is a non-profit organization (501C3), as well as providing a discussion forum for alternative energy companies. The Energy Cooperative is held in high regard by both the general public and people in the field of energy. They have an obligation to protect themselves from anything that could be detrimental to their reputation, or anything perceived as being less than above board. There is a board of directors that meets by conference call once each month. The board members are self employed consultants with no allegiance to any particular company. They must sign a statement to the effect before they are appointed. They receive a nominal fee for directing their affiliate and being on the board of directors. Besides their own personal consulting business they are also communicating with potential clients for Energy Cooperative. One of the directors has asked approval for the directors to use their position within the cooperative while conducting their private business dealings. Legal: As a director, when you solicit...
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...Assessment Tool Analysis Dorcas NUR/440 March 26, 2012 Vicki Clithero Assessment Tool Analysis Assessment is an important aspect of nursing care; it is the first phase of the nursing process. Assessment involves gathering information or data about and related to the patient. Data collected include physiological, psychological, environmental, sociocultural, economical, spiritual, developmental history of the patient. Data may be objective or subjective. Objective data refer to the measurable and observable signs, e.g. the patient’s facial expression, gait, pulse rate, heart rate, blood pressure, color, warmth, etc. Subjective data are obtained from the patient; and they are the patient’s account of his or her feelings, needs, and strength. Data are obtained by physical examination and by interviewing the patient, family, friends, and other health care providers. Assessment tools are used during the assessment phase of the nursing process to identify areas of actual or potential problems that need further exploring; they are developed to pinpoint areas of health issues with the aim of promoting, improving, and maintaining the health of the individual. The three assessment tools chosen for this paper are: Social Support Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Perceived Stress Scale. Social Support Questionnaire Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) is an assessment tool that measures individual evaluation of social support that may be available to them in case...
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