...Temporary foreign worker program – Tim Hortons Introduced in 2002 and modified in 2007, this program allows employers to hire employees in occupations that usually require at most a high school diploma or a maximum of 2 years of job specific training. Visas maybe issued for 24 months. Employers are required to cover recruitment and return airfare costs, to ensure that suitable accommodation is available, to provide medical coverage until the employee is covered under a provincial plan and to sign an employee/employer contract. The work permit is issued with reference to a specific employer. Employees generally work in sectors such as cleaning, hospitality, manufacturing, oil and gas and construction. (Elgersma, 2007) Tim Hortons "is a company that a lot of Canadians identify with and it is very proudly a Canadian brand," says Howard Ramos, an associate professor of sociology at Dalhousie University in Halifax. "But it's also a company that is a pioneer in hiring temporary foreign workers and so for this reason I think it's important to highlight Tim Hortons as an exemplar of how the temporary foreign worker program has changed and expanded. (Davison, 2012) The temporary foreign worker program has man is a resort companies use to hiring as they will have exhausted all other avenues for finding employees locally. It is a great program mainly for foreign workers who come and work in Canada and if they like it here they can apply for permanent residency. Unlike immigrants...
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...any consequences for immigration systems in Canada? This topic and interview were based on a research project that the interviewer was working on. The emerging economies in question were Brazil, Russia, Indian, China, Turkey and Indonesia. The study endeavoured to look into current and past multilateral collaborations on migration between Canada and these countries. The specific areas of concern were labour, tourism, business, students, family, security, asylum, irregular migration and the specific policies in these areas. In Canada, immigration is a major societal nation-building exercise. Apart from Aboriginals the rest of the population arrived in Canada through immigration at one point or the other. Immigration policies are in tandem with social and economic goals of the country. The fundamental issue is to ensure immigration works to Canada’s advantage. Before and after 2006 the emphasis was on the economic side of immigration: education, language and skills that made immigrants ready for the job market. Canadian citizens support immigration policies. Before 1950, policies favoured European immigrants. Later, individuals who wanted to settle permanently in Canada were targeted. Currently, there is no discrimination on nationality. Asians, especially those from India and China contribute the largest number of immigrants. Temporary immigration involves visitors, international students and temporary foreign workers. Temporary residence can be transformed to permanent...
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...Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) under the ‘Agreement for Canada-Yukon Cooperation on Immigration’ The purpose of the Yukon Nominee Program is to help the Yukon Government respond to labour market needs in a sustainable way, while at the same time ensuring that job opportunities are safeguarded for Yukoners and Canadians. Please review the following guidelines to increase the chances of a successful application to the YNP. The Process The YNP is an economically based program that is employer driven in nature. Yukon employers who meet certain criteria may submit applications to the program to nominate qualified foreign nationals for employment and residence in Canada. If attempts to hire locally or nationally are unsuccessful and an employer is looking outside of Canada to fill labour shortages for permanent, full-time positions, the YNP is an option that is available to them. The YNP allows qualified foreign nationals the opportunity to work and settle in Yukon with the long-term goal of establishing themselves as permanent residents (PR) of Canada. Hiring a foreign national to come and work in Yukon can be a lengthy process. Processing time for the YNP is eight to ten weeks upon receipt of a complete application. Once an application has been approved the foreign national must apply to Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) for a temporary work permit (see www.cic.gc.ca). Processing times for temporary work permits vary by country of origin. A temporary work permit allows the...
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...Independent Studies – Article Analysis Corporate Lobbying and Immigration Policies in Canada – Ludovic Rheault – University of Montreal The article examines the issue of whether special interest groups affect the behaviour of politicians and the debate is especially relevant to understand immigration policies. It is stated that the usual suspects behind expansive immigration policies are private firms, who would benefit from depressive impact of foreign labour on wages. The article’s objective is precisely to examine the impact of corporate lobbying on the levels of immigration in Canada. The article’s first argument is that national industries are unequally affected by changes in the skill composition of labour. Rheault states that “rather an advocating an unconditional expansion of immigration levels, the business community is more likely to agree on the desirability of policy tools allowing the selection of migrants with specific skills and backgrounds.” (Rheault, 2013). Rheault focuses on economic permanent immigration (immigrants selected using a point system accounting for educational attainment) and temporary workers (who are selected based on their occupation). Rheault’s argument emphasizes that even if special interests can exert a significant influence on policy makers motivated by re-election, the equilibrium response of governments depends on the complementarity between those two types of immigration. (Rheault, 2013). The idea that businesses play a key role...
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...Gordon B. Cooke and Sara L. Mann This paper examines whether flexible work schedules in Canada are created by employers for business reasons or to assist their workers achieve work-life balance. We focus on long workweek, flextime, compressed workweek, variable workweek length and/or variable workweek schedule. Statistics Canada’s 2003 Workplace and Employee Survey data linking employee microdata to workplace (i.e., employer) microdata are used in the analysis. Results show that more than half of the workers covered in this data have at least one of the five specified types of flexible work schedules. Employment status, unionized work, occupation, and sector are factors consistently associated with flexible work schedules. Personal characteristics such as marital status, dependent children, and childcare use are not significantly associated with flexible work schedules, and females are less likely to have a flexible work schedule than are males. Overall, results suggest that flexible work schedules are created for business reasons rather than individual worker interests. KEyWORDS: work schedules, non-standard work, work-life balance This paper examines whether flexible work schedules in Canada are created by employers for business reasons or to assist their workers achieve work-life balance. We first explore the prevalence of different types of flexible work schedules in Canada, and then examine work, personal, human capital, workplace, and sector characteristics...
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...CANADA-U.S. Business Travel Guide Released February 2013 CANADA-U.S. BUSINESS TRAVEL GUIDE INTRODUCTION Word from Jayson Myers, President & CEO, Canadian Manufacturers & Exporters T he advent of global supply chains has led to significant changes in the way manufacturers do business. In today’s day and age, the business of manufacturing is no longer simply about getting a product out the door — it is rather about providing innovative solutions to customers’ problems. Manufacturers now deliver value to customers by embedding their skills, innovation, financing and logistics solutions in the tangible goods they deliver. To compete and win in today’s environment requires constant interaction between manufacturers and their suppliers, customers, business partners, and services providers. Despite recent advances in information and communications technologies, much business is still conducted face-to-face, and deals are still done with a handshake. Whether it’s engineers working together to develop a new manufacturing process, executives meeting to negotiate a licensing agreement, or industry leaders getting together at a conference to map the future of their sector, creating value requires business people to meet and interact. Given the intensity of Canada’s trade relationship with the United States, this is especially the case between our two countries. Not only are we each other’s largest customer, but our businesses increasingly work together...
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...Federal Skilled Worker Program 4.4 Temporary Foreign Worker Program 4.0 Policy Outcomes 5.5 Labour Supply 5.6 Keynesian Theory – Aggregate Supply and Demand 5.7 Demands for Goods and Service 5.8 ADI/IA – Aggregate Demand and Inflation 5.9 Aggregate Supply 5.10 Multiplier effect 5.11 Money market 5.12 Short Term/Long Term Immigration Impacts on GDP 5.0 Policy Recommendations 1.0 Executive Summary The World Bank (2014) identifies Canada as having the 11th largest economy in the world with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $1.82 trillion in 2013 with a population of 35 million (Canada 2013). Immigration has been a crucial element of the development and generation of revenue for the country. Skilled workers play a vital role in the growth of the Canadian economy and range from general skilled workers, professionals as well as business immigrants and foreign investors. There is evidence demonstrating that immigrants do experience some challenges assimilating and this does cause some fiscal burden as more social support is required. Delays integrating into the social system impact numerous social resources and prolong the ability to generate a contributing income to the GDP. The economic entry immigration policy consists of two component including the skilled worker and temporary foreign worker. Although the temporary foreign worker does make up 40%...
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...foreign countries immigrate to new countries just to have better conditions for their future generations. Whenever immigrating, it gives people the sense of new experiences and most the people who have high degrees or high skill levels are more likely to be accepted in countries. Instead, Canada’s immigration laws in fact make it unjust for the people who immigrate as it shows discrimination towards them, strict opportunities and increase the stress of the lives of these newcomers. To start with, the foreigner laws of Canada display discrimination towards particular groups of people making them feel excluded. In Canada, discrimination is shown...
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...As the economy continues to slow down and gets through the recession, the trend of outsourcing will only continue. Affecting many different members of society. Among the groups of people that will be affected by outsourcing are financial institutions, governments and individuals. Financial Institutions Many financial institutions benefit from having their work outsourced as it provides them with cheaper labour, which in return leads to higher profits. Banks like BMO have used the temporary worker policy to fill in gaps in their current corporate structure (The Canadian Press, 2013). However this may not be beneficial when they are required to make sure the entity they are outsourcing to complies with their rules and regulations. Often different...
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...ensuring we stay strong and effective. In the workplace there are many challenges relating to diversity, changing human resource management and organizing one of the largest sectors of workers in Canada, the service and retail industry. (Very good introduction!) Economic and political change, globalization and restructuring have made people question the effectiveness or need for unions. With the changes in the workplace and workforce, such as shrinking public sector and primary industries and the growth of the private sector coupled with the changes in work arrangements, unions are faced with challenges relating to their survival and vitality. (McQuarrie, 2003) Traditionally unions were structured to represent employees in industries with a fairly stable workforce and hierarchical relationship with management. Today unions face the necessity of “having to adapt to new realities of work and proving their relevance to a new generation of workers in a variety of workplaces.” (McQuarrie, 2003) Workforce demographics are changing, with more young people joining and older workers not retiring as early as they had previously. There are more women and a greater ethnic diversity evident today. Each of these changes poses different challenges for unions. Younger workers are most often employed in temporary or part-time employment in a service or retail industry, this type of employment is most often the hardest to organize....
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...Memo To: Marketing Department From: Group C Date: August 1, 2013 ------------------------------------------------- Re: Kelly Service Marketing Team Recommendation for Wal-Mart As the future of hiring employees changes too more temporary and contract workers to reduce cost, Wal-Mart is no exception. Wal-Mart even labels these temporary employees as “Flexible Associates”, spokesman Dave Tovar says temporary employees allow store managers to provide permanent workers a more reliable schedules. (Huffington Post August 2, 2013). Along with a more reliable schedule for permanent employees Wal-Mart saves big bucks with no benefits and lower wages. History of Walmart Sam Walton opened the first Walmart in 1962 with the vision of low prices anytime anywhere. From there Sam Walton opened Sam’s Club wholesale stores and Walmart Superstores combining grocery and merchandise. In 1991 Sam’s Club went international opening in Mexico and with the purchase of Woolco in 1994 Walmart continued its international path opening in Canada. Walmart did not stop there with continued expansion into twenty-seven countries Walmart has over 2.2 million associates and serves over 200 million customers every week. (2012 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.) Walmart Services and Products Walmart Charities and Scholarships In 2012 Walmart’s giving surpassed one billion dollars worldwide. Through Hunger Relief and Healthy Eating programs, plus a sustainability plan showing people how to live...
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...that individuals can develop as the organization grows. A learning organization may choose to empower workers by giving greater decision making power, how to complete their tasks and work in self managed teams (Spencer and Kelly, 2013) In this essay, various debates and case studies on organizational learning and learning organization will be identified and it will be discussed if the concept is in fact based on firm foundations. According to Spencer and Kelly, 2013 workplace learning needs to begin with the substantive issues of equity, power, authority, control and ownership. Large corporations create hierarchies of control and power and are driven by the profit motive. These control, power and profit relations create the social relations within work and society. When looking at income equity, from September 2010 to September 2011 the average earnings of Canadians rose by 1.1% while the top 100 CEOs income rose by 27% (CCPA, 2012). Additionally, HRM policies create a “sense of shared ownership” and control of the enterprise but the “sense of ownership” is not the same thing as workers actually owning and controlling and could be regarded as a form of propaganda. The idea is to increase productivity and commitment which would lift labour performance higher- “committed employees would “go the extra mile” in pursuit of organizational goals (Spencer and Kelly, 2013). Workers are naturally encouraged to learn about what is useful for the employer, and some of their learning may...
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...Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina. The presentations were prepared for The Social Determinants of Health Across the Life-Span Conference, held in Toronto in November 2002. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Health Canada. Current Situation Over the 1980s and 1990s, there has been an ongoing restructuring of the labour market and of employment relationships. The intent of these changes has been to promote productivity and competitiveness, as opposed to promoting a worker-centred agenda of “good jobs” (Lowe, 2000). In Canada, only two-thirds of the employed workforce are in “standard” salaried jobs with no defined end date (mostly provided by large firms and the public sector). In this shrinking core job market, workers who have survived layoffs, privatization and contracting-out are generally working longer and harder. Employers have tried to increase profitability and competitiveness and to contain budgets by boosting productivity. This has been accomplished largely by increasing workloads. For example, in the health sector, fewer nurses, social workers and other health professionals must now deal with more clients and perform more duties. Investments in new labour-saving equipment, new information-based technologies, and experimentation with new forms of work organization have also boosted productivity. Some workplaces have become less hierarchical and alienating with...
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...Labor migration is the supportive factor of globalization,'' a process that allows reducing geographical constraints on social and cultural processes in which individuals are increasingly aware of this." There is currently no state or part of the world that does not import or export workforce. During the 20th Century the migration process developed significantly. In this period, Romania was predominantly a country of emigration and still is. Acording to some sources, by 1914, a large number of people decided to cross the Atlantic Ocean, most focusing on the U.S. and Canada, the rest of them going to Argentina and Brazil. The presence of Romanian immigrants in the U.S. can be very well demonstrated; the first Romanian immigrants in the present-day country’s territory is attested by the names of the soldiers participating in the union army during the war of secession. It was a massive voluntary migration, with a temporary character, as the Romanian emigrants hoped that they would earn more...
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...In January 1994, the United States, Mexico, and Canada implemented the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), forming the largest free trade zone in the world. The goal of NAFTA is to create better trading conditions through tariff reduction, removal of investment barriers, and improvement of intellectual property protection. NAFTA continues to gradually reduce tariffs on set dates and aims to eliminate all tariffs by the year 2004. Before NAFTA was established, investing in Mexico was a difficult process. Investors needed the Mexican Government's approval and were also required to meet specific investment guidelines. These requirements necessitated investors to export a set level of goods and services, utilize domestic goods and services, and transfer technology to competitors. Under NAFTA, investors no longer need government approval to invest and are treated as domestic investors. NAFTA has also increased intellectual property rights and allowed companies to obtain patents in Mexico and Canada. In the past, companies were hesitant to export research and development intensive goods; with increased intellectual property protection, however, exports of these goods have shown a definite increase. As a result of better trading conditions, exports and imports of most other goods have increased along with the research and development intensive goods. In Mexico, the elimination of investment barriers has allowed investment to expand. Increased trading and investment has then...
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