...Language Testing: Review and Prospective —— Analysis of Six Major Journals of Linguistics from 2003-2013 Contents Abstract ……………………………………………………………………….....1 1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………….......2 2 The Scope of Information Retrieval ...…………………………………….....3 3 Current Situations of Washback Research………………………….……….3 3.1 Research Amount……………………………………………………….....4 3.2 Research Methods………………………………………………………....4 3.3 Research Content……………………………………………………….....5 3.3.1 CET 4& 6………………………………………………………………5 3.3.2 TEM 4&8………………………………………………………………6 3.3.3 NMET…………………………………………………………...…..…6 3.3.4 Language Testing and Washback Resear….………………………...…..…6 3.3.5 Others…………………………………………………………...….…..7 4 Problems of Current Research on Wachback………………..……………….7 4.1 Quantity ………………………………………………………………….....7 4.2 Content …………………………………………………………………......7 4.3 Objects ………………………………………………………..…...……......8 5 Suggestions and Prospective for Future Research on Washback…..…….......8 5.1 Research Objects…………………………………………………………….8 5.2 Research Methods……………………………………………………….......8 5.3 Research Content……………………………………………………………9 6 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………9 References……………………………………………..………………………....10 Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………..….11 Abstract: Research on washback of language testing has developed...
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...Forecasting the USD/COP Exchange Rate: A Random Walk with a Variable Drift Peter Rowland Banco de la República* Abstract This study develops three exchange rate models as well as a simple statistical model defined as a random walk with a variable drift. The exchange rate models all use the purchasing power parity hypothesis to account for the long-term relationships between prices and the exchange rate, together with error correction models to represent any shortterm dynamics. The models are estimated for the USD/COP rate of exchange, and their forecast performance is compared to that of a simple random walk as well as to that of the random walk with a variable drift term. Two of the models are shown to outperform the simple random walk on the 12 and 24-months forecasting horizon. However, all the models are outperformed by the random walk with a variable drift, where the drift term is estimated using a Kalman filter. The results suggest that fundamental models might only be a useful tool for forecasting of the exchange rate in the very long run. The opinions expressed here are those of the author and not necessarily of the Banco de la República, the Colombian Central Bank, nor of its Board of Directors. I express my thanks to Luis Eduardo Arango, Javier Gómez, and Luis Fernando Melo for helpful comments and suggestions. Any remaining errors are my own. * Contents 1 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 5 Introduction Exchange Rate Models...
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...Three-month Exchange Rate Forecasting between USD and JPY Abstract This paper aims at the forecast of USD-JPY exchange rate on 1st May, 2012 based on the data collected before 1st Feb. 2012. The result proves satisfactory predictions when summarize using the fundamental forecasting, market-based forecasting and mixed forecasting all into consideration. The use of PPP gives the most accurate prediction comparing with the real rate of 1st May, 2012, though the exchange rate is actually affected by several other facets. The paper further discusses the advantages and lack points of each method, so that the forecasting errors can be comprehended. Key Words Exchange Rate Forecasting Regression Analysis PPP IFE Forecasting Error Introduction With the development of our society, globalization has become an inevitable trend. Since the late twentieth century, financial permeation has become a profound and widespread issue. Exchange rate, an important link of international financial relationship, has almost penetrated into every corner of economics and played an increasingly significant role in our life. Therefore, it is of great meaning for investment and management to forecast the exchange rate. Ever since Meese and Rogoff (1983) initiated the research on out-of-sample forecasting that has become standard procedure for exchange-rate model validation, work in this area has discovered three things. First, the particular time-period of the sample matters...
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...Pass-Through Effect of RMB Exchange Rate on China’s Inflation Contents Chapter 2 Literature review 3 2.1 Introduction 3 2.2 Exchange rate pass-through effect 3 2.2.1 Narrowly defined exchange rate pass-through effect 3 2.2.2 Broadly defined exchange rate pass-through effect 4 2.2.3 Complete and incomplete exchange rate pass-through 5 2.3 Relevant theories of exchange rate pass-through 7 2.3.1 Theory of complete exchange rate pass-through 7 2.3.2 Theory of incomplete pass-through 9 2.4 Empirical research on exchange rate pass-through 13 2.5 Summary and reflection 16 Reference 19 Chapter 2 Literature review 2.1 Introduction This chapter reviews the theoretical and empirical researches on exchange rate pass-through effect. Specifically, this chapter firstly introduces the definition of exchange rate pass-through effect, incomplete and complete exchange rate pass-through. Then, this chapter analyses the theory of exchange rate pass-through effect, with focus on the reasons for the common incomplete exchange rate pass-through effect. After theoretical analysis, this chapter reviews and analyses the empirical research on exchange rate pass-through effect. A major part in this section is the review of the perspective and method for analysing exchange rate pass-through effect. Empirical researches generally referred to McCarthy (2000)’s research method, used VAR model, and selected specific area and time window data to empirically analyse exchange rate pass-through...
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...Analysis of the Task-Based Syllabus: Strengths, Weaknesses, and the Case for its Implementation Leon Townsend-Cartwright - September 2014 MA TEFL/TESL Module 3: Syllabus and materials; Lexis SM/14/01: Select one type of syllabus from the list below, and comment on its strengths and weaknesses. Task-based syllabus Show how the syllabus has been influenced by particular theories (and models) of both language and learning. Describe the teaching situation (or situations) which you believe is best suited to this type of syllabus. Outline the arguments for choosing this type of syllabus. 1 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Outline of Task-Based Learning 1.2 Why the Task-Based Syllabus was Chosen 2. Theories of Language and Learning 2.1 Theories of Language 2.2 Theories of Language Learning 3. Strengths and Weaknesses of a Task-Based Syllabus 3.1 Strengths of a Task-Based Syllabus 3.1.1 SLA Theory Base 3.1.2 Focus on Form and Noticing 3.1.3 A Learner-Centred Approach 3.1.4 Real-World Language Use 3.1.5 Tasks Build Fluency and Create Motivation 3.1.6 Flexibility of the Task-Based Syllabus 3.2 Weaknesses of a Task-Based Syllabus 3.2.1 SLA Theory Base 3.2.2 Focus on Form and a Concern with Syntax 3.2.3 Fluency at the Expense of New Language 3.2.4 Difficulties for Teachers 3.2.5 Difficulties for Learners 3.2.6 Sequencing, Difficulty and Assessment 4. Practical Applications...
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...MEASURING THE EFFICIENCY OF ABU DHABI PUBLIC SCHOOLS USING DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS MasoodBadri UAE University and Abu Dhabi Education Council Tarek El Mourad Asma Al Rashedi why I’m included!! Abu Dhabi Education Council Khaled Al Share Qatar University ABSTRACT This research measures and compares the efficiency of Abu Dhabi secondary public schools using data envelopment analysis (DEA). It seeks to identify an appropriate list of inputs and outputs for evaluating the efficiencies of schools in urban areas. Several scenarios were developed using different combinations of inputs and outputs. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify expected reductions (in inputs) or increases? (in outputs) needed for inefficient schools to become efficient. The inputs with greatest impact were cost per teacher and cost per students. The outputs with greatest impact were two student tests conducted at the national level. Analysis of variance showed that location and type of school had a significant impact on school efficiencies. Regression results show that both cost per students and cost per teacher are significant determinants of school efficiency.The paper provides insightsinto the understanding of schools’ performance management for schools, evaluators, and policy decision makers. INTRODUCTION Education is a priority area for Abu Dhabi government. It is important in the performance assessment process to know to what extent schools are achieving their stated missions...
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...EXCHANGE RATE, COMPETITIVENESS AND BALANCE OF PAYMENT PERFORMANCE Exchange Rate, Competitiveness and Balance of Payment Performance U P Alawattage Abstract This paper examines the effectiveness of exchange rate policy of Sri Lanka in achieving external competitiveness since liberalization of the economy in 1977. The conventional two-country trade model that explains the traditional approach to Balance of Payment (BOP) was applied using quarterly data covering the period of 1978:1 to 2000:4. Results reveal that the Real Effective Exchange Rate(REER) does not have significant impact on improving the Trade Balance (TB) particularly in the short run implying a blurred J-Curve phenomenon. Even though the cointegration tests reveal that there is a long run relationship between TB and the REER it shows very marginal impact in improving TB in long run. (JEL F40, O24) I. Introduction The exchange rate is the price of national currency in terms of foreign currency. The close linkage of the exchange rate to the general price levels of the economies produce an economy wide importance of policy making since it affects the real income and wealth of those economies. One of the major objectives of the exchange rate based stabilizations is to improve the Balance of Payment (BOP) performance through international competitiveness. Countries have been using this strategy for a considerable period of time producing varying results. The empirical observations reveal that some countries were...
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...Union Budget 2014-15 10th July, 2014 Union Budget 2014-15 Budget 2014-15 Holistic Plan of Action In comparison to the less than ordinary and unimaginative budgetary proposals of yester years, Modi’s maiden budget comes as a welcome change from the norm. The proposals and reforms suggested in the Union Budget 2014-15 are ground breaking, specific with a good measure of thought & common sense and vastly catered for holistic growth of the economy. The challenging circumstances of a slowing economy, soaring energy prices, inflation, fiscal and current account deficits do not provide adequate leeway to maneuver and hit the path of high growth. Yet the Budget provides a comprehensive plan and directional footprint towards overcoming these hurdles to sustainable growth of 7-8% over the next few years along with providing macro economic stability, lowered inflation, realistic fiscal health targeting and a manageable current account deficit. Country is in no mood to suffer unemployment & apathetic governance 10th July, 2014 Union Budget 2014-15 Budget 2014-15 Holistic Plan of Action The Finance Minister while presenting the budget takes cognizance of the fact that decisive action to fuel growth without populism is the need of the hour. And that resources for developmental expenditure cannot be raised at the cost of burdening the future generations with the legacy of debt. He goes on to emphasize the need to mobilize resources through both tax and non-tax...
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...Dissertation on the Real Estate Sector of Mumbai and the Indian Middle Class Abstract The global financial meltdown had hit the real estate sector all around the globe, and Mumbai real estate sector is one such amongst them. The specific segment is plagued by reduction of demands, lowering of prices, inventory accumulation etc. In order to maintain their sustenance, they now want to target the middle class segment of the society. The entire purpose of this dissertation was to identify in the present economic conditions of the country, the target customer for such real estate sector. In order to conduct the research, a mixed research methodology is adopted deploying both qualitative research as well as quantitative research. Relevant research instruments were chosen, and 10 respondents were interviewed for the qualitative research and 300 individuals were undertaken in the quantitative research methodology. It was found that indeed the middle class with their high aspiration levels, and disposable income were the ideal target for real estate. However, in order to further attract the target customers, a host of suggestions are made. This dissertation is created through thorough referencing from academic journals, books, reports, newspaper articles etc. This paper would also be immensely helpful for students aiming to understand a clear picture of the real estate sector of Mumbai on ways to maintain its growth. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 5 Background...
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...Northern California Sign up for our monthly E-Newsletter Home Local Markets Management Topics Industry Topics Insights Multimedia Events Marketing Programs About Us How an executive coach can help improve employee morale and productivity 03.01.2012 | Northern California Ricci M. Victorio, CSP, Managing Partner, Mosaic Family Business Center As companies continue to try to do more with less, the stress of doing the work of two or more people is taking a toll on employees. And that is making them less productive, less motivated and less likely to do their best work, says Ricci Victorio, CSP, managing partner at Mosaic Family Business Center. “As companies deal with lower budgets and tighten their belts, they are putting ever-greater demands on their employees,” says Victorio. “As an employer, you need to help your employees fill their cups back up, because they are being significantly drained. Whenever you have people being pushed at absolute top levels performing on all 100 cylinders all of the time, they run out of gas. And when they run out of emotional gas, negative behaviors start springing up.” Smart Business spoke with Victorio about how one-on-one coaching with employees can improve morale and help them work better together as a team. What is the value of executive coaching? It can improve morale and provide an internal vision for employees as they ask: What is my value? Why am I here? What am I doing? How can I do it better? Improved morale increases...
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...Gujarat Technological University Syllabus for New MBA Program effective from Academic Year 2011-12 MBA I Semester I Accounting for Managers (AFM) 1. Course Objective: The objective of the course is to acquaint the students with the language of Accounting and to develop in them the ability to evaluate and use accounting data as an aid to decision making. The main purpose is to assist the students in developing skills in problem solving and decision making in the financial area. Emphasis is laid on analysis and utilization of financial and accounting data for planning and control. 2. Course Duration: The course duration is of 36 sessions of 75 minutes each i.e. 45 hours. 3. Course Contents: Module No: Module Content No. of Sessions 70 Marks (External Evaluation) 17 I II Fundamentals of Accounting Basic understanding of accounting, Accounting Concepts, Conceptual framework of financial statements, Accounting Policies, Journal Entries and preparation of accounts - Trial Balance to Balance sheet and profit and loss Account, Recognition of Income and Expenses, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities Accounting Standards and Applicability: Disclosure of Accounting Policies (AS-1), Valuation of Inventories (AS-2), Depreciation Accounting (AS-6), Income Recognition & Accrual Income (AS-9), Accounting of Fixed Assets (AS-10), Accounting for Intangible Assets (AS-26), Accounting for Investments (AS-13), 7 7 17 III IV V Preparing and Understanding Financial Statements...
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...needs” have been met, higher income is no longer associated with higher in subjective well-being. We assess the validity of this claim in comparisons of both rich and poor countries, and also of rich and poor people within a country. Analyzing multiple datasets, multiple definitions of “basic needs” and multiple questions about well-being, we find no support for this claim. The relationship between well-being and income is roughly linear-log and does not diminish as incomes rise. If there is a satiation point, we are yet to reach it. This draft: Keywords: JEL codes: April 16, 2013 Subjective well-being, happiness, satiation, basic needs, Easterlin paradox. D6, I3, N3, O1, O4 * A shorter version of this paper will appear in the American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings in May 2013. The authors wish to thank Angus Deaton, Daniel Kahneman, and Alan Krueger for useful discussions and The Gallup Organization, where Wolfers serves as a Senior Scientist, for providing data. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. In 1974 Richard Easterlin famously posited that increasing average income did not raise average well-being, a claim that became known as the Easterlin Paradox. However, in recent years new and more comprehensive data has allowed for greater testing of Easterlin’s claim. Studies...
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...CCNA Portable Command Guide Second Edition Scott Empson Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA ii CCNA Portable Command Guide, Second Edition Scott Empson Copyright© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. Published by: Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Printed in the United States of America First Printing July 2007 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Empson, Scott. Portable command reference / Scott Empson. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-1-58720-193-6 (pbk.) 1. Computer networks--Examinations--Study guides. 2. Internetworking (Telecommunication)--Examinations--Study guides. 3. Electronic data processing personnel--Certification. I. Title. TK5105.5.E4352 2007 004.6--dc22 2007023863 ISBN-13: 978-1-5872-0193-6 ISBN-10: 1-58720-193-3 Warning and Disclaimer This book is designed to provide information about the Certified Cisco Networking Associate (CCNA) exam and the commands needed at this level of network administration. Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The author...
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...CCNA Portable Command Guide Second Edition Scott Empson Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA ii CCNA Portable Command Guide, Second Edition Scott Empson Copyright© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. Published by: Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Printed in the United States of America First Printing July 2007 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Empson, Scott. Portable command reference / Scott Empson. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-1-58720-193-6 (pbk.) 1. Computer networks--Examinations--Study guides. 2. Internetworking (Telecommunication)--Examinations--Study guides. 3. Electronic data processing personnel--Certification. I. Title. TK5105.5.E4352 2007 004.6--dc22 2007023863 ISBN-13: 978-1-5872-0193-6 ISBN-10: 1-58720-193-3 Warning and Disclaimer This book is designed to provide information about the Certified Cisco Networking Associate (CCNA) exam and the commands needed at this level of network administration. Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information is provided...
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...Second Year - Third Semester 3.0.1 International Business - University Assessment 100 Marks Course Content 1. Overview of the International Business Process 2. PEST factors affecting International Business 3. Government influence on trade 4. International Trade Theories 5. FDI 6. Country Evaluation and Selection 7. Collaborative Strategies 8. International Marketing 9. International Trade Agreements 10. International Trade Organizations 11. Forex 12. International HR Strategies 13. International Diplomacy Reference Text 1. International Business – Daniels and Radebough 2. International Business – Sundaram and Black 3. International Business – Roebuck and Simon 4. International Business – Charles Hill 5. International Business – Subba Rao 3.0.2 Strategic management 100 Marks Course Content 1. Strategic Management Process: Vision, Mission, Goal, Philosophy, Policies of an Organization. 2. Strategy, Strategy as planned action, Its importance, Process and advantages of planning Strategic v/s Operational Planning. 3. Decision making and problem solving, Categories of problems, Problem solving skill, Group decision making, Phases indecision making. 4. Communication, Commitment and performance, Role of the leader, Manager v/s Leader, Leadership styles. 5. Conventional Strategic Management v/s Unconventional Strategic Management, The differences, Changed Circumstance 6. Growth Accelerators: Business Web, Market Power, Learning based. 7. Management Control, Elements,...
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