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The American Cancer Society (ACS)

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The American Cancer Society (ACS) (2015) provides detailed information about prostate and testicular cancer specifics. Some facts about the prostate will provide a better understanding of the effects of prostate cancer.
As stated by the ACS (2015):
The prostate is a gland found only in males. It sits below the urinary bladder and in front of the rectum. The size of the prostate changes with age. It grows rapidly during puberty, fueled by the rise in male hormones (called androgens) in the body, such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The prostate usually stays about the same size or grows slowly in adults, as long as male hormones are present. In younger men, it is about the size of a walnut, but it can be much larger in older …show more content…
A cancer that starts in gland cells is called adenocarcinoma.
Other types of cancer can also originating from the prostate gland include:
• Sarcomas
• Small cell carcinomas
• Neuroendocrine tumors (other than small cell carcinomas)
• Transitional cell carcinomas
These types of prostate cancer are rare.

Most individuals who develop prostate cancer usually have adenocarcinoma.
The following information addresses prostate adenocarcinoma.
According to the ACS (2015), some prostate cancers can grow and spread quickly, but most grow very slowly. Autopsy studies have shown that many men who died of other causes also had prostate cancer that was …show more content…
Based on how abnormal the patterns of cells look, they are classified as:
Low-grade PIN: the patterns of prostate cells appear almost normal
High-grade PIN: the patterns of cells look more abnormal
PIN begins to appear in the prostates of some men as early as their 20s. Almost half of all men have PIN by the time they reach 50. Many men begin to develop low-grade PIN at an early age but don’t necessarily develop prostate cancer. The importance of low-grade PIN in relation to prostate cancer is still unclear. If a finding of low-grade PIN is reported on a prostate biopsy, the follow-up for patients is usually the same as if nothing abnormal was seen.
If high-grade PIN has been found on your prostate biopsy, there is about a 20% chance that you also have cancer in another area of your prostate. This is why doctors often watch men with high-grade PIN carefully and may advise them to have a repeat prostate biopsy, especially if the original biopsy did not take samples from all parts of the prostate.
Proliferative inflammatory atrophy

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