...ABSTRACT A well respected English author once wrote that nursing is a passionate profession and is akin to a fever in the blood[1], with the hard work and long hours fading in importance against the vocational rewards. But community nursing has shown how the nursing profession is no longer viewed as merely hard work and long hours, it has illustrated nursing is a skill, a crucial facet of government health strategy, and a social and medical science. This passion extends from hard work and includes the profession shifting its core functions providing a flexible service that meets the changing health and social needs of society. The rewards to the profession and the community include personalized and case specific localized care, health program implementation, and guiding improved social trends at the ‘coal face’. Community based nursing is now at the forefront of social awareness and this important benefit is discussed throughout this essay. This essay focuses on the importance of community based nursing to the profession looking at aspects such as the role’s expanded influence on social trends, analysis, palliative care, outreach to vulnerable groups, and program implementation to the wider community. These functions in combination play a key role in ensuring this aspect of the nursing profession is effective in prevention and in tune with society’s needs. Community based nursing comprises several fields of expertise, including community health, public health, home...
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...essay is to discuss the new global definition of social work, to assess the background of this research and to highlight the implications of this new definition to social work practice and development in Zambia and Africa at large. To begin with, the new definition will be given and explained then a discussion of its background and implications will be made. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn. The new definition hopes to address three major criticisms of the prior definition. It attempts to be more inclusive of indigenous knowledge, to be less biased towards Western ideals of individualism and change, and instead to encompass collectivity, continuity and cohesion. Lastly, it endeavors to emphasize social work’s involvement in theory and research and its capacity as an academic discipline, in addition to its practical application. The links also include commentary and explanation for each aspect of the definition’s wording and the mandates, principles, knowledge and practice that undergird the social work profession (Kanyowa 1999) Social work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people. Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversities are central to social work. Underpinned by theories of social work, social sciences, humanities and indigenous knowledge’s, social work engages people and structures to address life...
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...Social work practice occurs in the context of rapidly changing community needs and policies, as well as new research findings and theoretical developments. Social workers encounter ongoing expectations to serve new populations experiencing emerging social problems. At the same time, they experience pressures to engage in evidence-based and culturally-responsive practices, and are required to be accountable for outcomes in environments of shrinking public resources. Social work is, by its very nature, contentious and this has shaped debates about its effectiveness from its beginnings as a profession (Cheetham et al. 1992). The Social work profession requires the practitioner to integrate complex and evolving knowledge arising from evidence bases...
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...her pioneering work in nursing during the Crimean War where she tended to wounded soldiers rounding at night holding a small lamp. Nightingale was a strong-willed advocate for the field of nursing. Her advocacy was for the” improvement of care and conditions” (MacQueen, 2007, p. 31) for patients making significant achievements during her career. In the western world for centuries, nursing as an “organized institution” (Buresh & Gordon, 2006, p. 179) was provided through Christian religious institutions. In religious sects, nurses were socialized to sacrifice every shred of their identity being “obedient members of an anonymous mass” (Gordon, 2006, p. 2). Religious nurses were taught not to claim credit for their work and accomplishments. Instead, they were educated to view themselves as divine instruments who willingly assigned credit to “God, the Bishop, the Abbot, or the Mother Superior” (Gordon, 2006, p. 3) for their accomplishments. Often, nurses were not viewed by their sex, not allowed to marry, and were sheltered in or near the hospitals in dormitories. In the 19th century, religious and social reformers such as Florence Nightingale adapted the religious template to help women who needed to find purposeful paid work (Gordon, 2006). Scientifically oriented doctors were moving into hospitals in greater numbers and wanted trained nurses who would be their servants. During this era, nursing remained feminized. Nurses lacked political, legal, economic, and social power. In the...
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...concerns they experience during the course of life in their relationships, emotions, and physical selves” (Plante, 2011). The paper will discuss the history and evolving nature of clinical psychology and how psychology is still changing overtime. Next, the paper will discuss the roles that research and statistics play into clinical psychology. Lastly, the paper will include the differences between clinical psychology and other types of health professions, such as clinical psychology versus social work, clinical psychology versus psychiatry, and clinically psychology versus school psychology. History and Evolving Nature of Clinical Psychology Clinical psychology has changed over the last 25 years. For starters the DSM-III was published as well as the APA standards were revised. The American Psychological Society was founded, as well as the APA published the findings from the Presidential Task force for evidence-practice. Two of the main evolved approaches would be the Cognitive-Behavioral Approach as well as the Humanistic Approach. The Cognitive-Behavioral Approach was popular in the 1970s and they were used for depression as well as “treatment focusing on changing thinking, feeling, and expectations became as important as the goal of changing overt behavior” (Plante, 2011). The Humanistic Approach was more based off of philosophy and the theory that humans can grow from understanding experiences and behaviors. The humanistic approach believed in understanding empathy...
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...PROFESSIONALISM OF ACCOUNTING Twenty years ago, Briloff (1986) alerted the profession to the crisis of credibility being faced because society perceived accountants to have lost their commitment to public service. The credibility of the profession is threatened when the ideals of integrity, independence, public service and ethical standards come under suspicion. Well-known scandals of one of the major leading accounting firms in the United States Arthur Andersen coupled with alleged unethical acts committed by Enron have arouse the conscious of the public and stakeholders as to the moral decline and unethical posture of public accountants unveiled a decline in moral reasoning and ethical standards of public accountants (Dellaportas, 2006; Esmond-Kiger, 2004). Over the last few years, the accounting profession has been beaten up badly in the media, somewhat justifiably. The forces at work were numerous and complex and a variety of phenomena created the entire profession had its reputation tarnished. Some forces were not new: delivering services that acted to impair independence; becoming too cozy with clients, active participation in finding ways to circumvent accounting standards, and even simple greed. The profession has paid dearly for failing to meet the expectations of investors, creditors, and other users of financial statements. Finally, the public lose their trust and confidence on the accounting profession and thus, the professional standing of accountant is jeopardized. There...
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...Power and Discrimination Assignment Introduction Stereotypical imagery and prejudice are biases, which function together in creating as well as maintaining social inequality. Prejudice can be described as personal feelings and attitudes that individuals have regarding other group members. On the other hand, stereotypes can be defined as beliefs regarding a group including a description of an individual, their abilities as well as their behaviour. Therefore, stereotypes cognitively represent how people are similar to other and their differences towards other groups. ‘Individuals can be aware of stereotypes and have cognitive representations of their beliefs without endorsing such stereotypes, without prejudice feelings as well as without having a belief that stereotypes can affect their behaviour and judgement’ (Charnley et al 2009: 195). Stereotyping as well as prejudice are considered as an adaptive processes product, which simplifies complex world towards enabling individuals to apply cognitive resources towards various tasks. Nevertheless, despite the function served by cognitively adaptive processes by use of mental shortcuts to make decisions regarding other people can result in serious negative outcomes (Smith 2008). The horrifying mistreatment of people in history including that of African American, homosexuals, people with disabilities, has been the main impulsion for prejudice as well as stereotypes study. Therefore, the original experiments and ideas are concerned...
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...HN 330: Unit 3 Assignment Social Work in Ireland Kaplan University Here is a little information about Ireland. (Ireland, an island located to the northwest of Europe, is one of the largest islands in the world. Ireland is known for the beauty, lush green scenery and peculiar culture, Ireland is one of the most interesting countries in the world. Not a single snake is found in Ireland. On the other hand, the only reptile found is the lizard. The Irish Police force, are unarmed, but, the detectives always carry firearms. According to the Irish laws, there is no death penalty found in Ireland.) Public services in Northern Ireland begin implement changes which required by the Review of Public Administration, the likely consequences for social work services, including children’s services, are considered. Review of Public Administration significant issues and developments influencing practice. Public Administration evaluates the social work profession’s state of readiness for the challenges ahead and concludes that, while the key elements are in place, leadership will be needed to ensure a response to the new systems and requirements, oversee implementation of responsibilities and to motivate, guide qualified, experienced and a confident workforce. Change is the essence of social work in the day-to-day work of social workers. They help people to make sense of the problems in which they find themselves in. Social workers are focus on helping...
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...Social workers as a profession must continue to further their education to ensure that the skills utilized are based on best practice methods. With the changing roles of social work within the addiction field, the skills needed by professionals transformed as well. However, the universal communication skills employed by the generalist practitioner are beneficial for implementing in the field of addiction. Communication is relevant skill regardless of methods employed by professional helpers. Listening is the key component of relating with others whether this is on a personal level or a professional one. Social workers begin a working relationship with the client system through the engagement process. The mode of creating this is through the listening process. Attending to the client verbal and nonverbal cues enables the addiction clinician to assess the clients’ perception of their problem and where they are in the change process. Even though the techniques applied in addiction counseling are altering; listening skills will still the...
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...Human services refers to a variety of delivery systems such as social welfare services, education, mental health services, and other forms of healthcare. Human services professionals may provide services directly to clients or help clients access services. Human services professionals also manage agencies that provide these services. And because of their engagement with human conditions, they are involved in policy development and advocacy. The academic discipline of human services educates these professionals at the associate, bachelor's, and graduate levels and studies how delivery systems and public policies affect service users. The history of human services as an academic discipline[edit] Human services has its roots in charitable activities of religious and civic organizations that date back to the Colonial period. However, the academic discipline of human services did not start until the 1960s. At that time, a group of college academics started the new human services movement and began to promote the adoption of a new ideology about human service delivery and professionalism among traditional helping disciplines.[2] The movement's major goal was to make service delivery more efficient, effective, and humane. The other goals dealt with the reeducation of traditional helping professionals to have a greater appreciation of the individual as a whole person and to be accountable to the communities they serve. Furthermore, professionals would learn to take responsibility at...
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...Published Online January 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojacct) Sarbanes-Oxley and the Accounting Profession: Public Interest Implications Sara Ann Reiter1, Paul F. Williams2 2 1 Binghamton University, Binghamton, USA North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA Email: sreiter@binghamton.edu Received October 31, 2012; revised December 1, 2012; accepted December 12, 2012 ABSTRACT The US accounting profession was caught up in, and some say responsible for, the whirlwind of accounting and business scandals that rocked the US markets in 2002. To restore investor confidence in financial information, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act created a new Public Company Accounting Oversight Board with the authority to set standards for auditors of publicly traded companies, thus ending a century of professional regulation of auditing. In this analysis we employ sociological theories of professionalism [1-4] to help understand the implications of the Sarbanes-Oxley legislation for the accounting profession and for the public interest. We explain why professional self-regulation is important for retaining valuable economic franchises. We also explain why the public interest orientation of the profession is important and how government take-over of auditing standards potentially erodes the public accounting profession’s commitment to the public interest. Self-control over professional work, a key characteristic of professional status, is pre-empted by the newly created government oversight...
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...Social Work and Social Reform: An Arena of Struggle Mimi Abramovitz The profession of social work has the potential both to meet individual needs and to engage in social change. However, the profession’s position between the individual and society often forces practitioners to choose between adjusting people and programs to circumstances or challenging the status quo. The twin pressures of containment and change have made social work an arena of struggle since its origins in the late 19th century. In honor of social work’s centennial, this article examines the sources of the profession’s prochange mandate and the structural factors that limit social work’s ability to pledge itself to this stance permanently and recommends some steps social workers can take to recommit the profession to greater activism. Special attention is given to documenting the long but largely ignored history of social work activism. Key words: activism; history; professionalism; social reform; social work T he twin pressures of containment and change have plagued social work since its origins in the late 19th century. The profession can boast of a long history of progressive activism directed to individual and social change. At the same time, observers within and outside social work have often accused the profession of serving as a handmaiden of the status quo. This contradiction has made the social work profession a site of ongoing struggle. Although often difficult, the battles...
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...Development Challenges Faced by Accounting Profession ACCT 5100 Professional Development Challenges Faced by Accounting Profession Introduction Accounting has evolved, like many other professions, over time and is playing an increasingly significant role in today’s business environment. The key accounting practices are still identify, measure and communicate the economic condition of an entity with both inside and outside stakeholders. Accounting professionals have widened their attention beyond technical skills to incorporate social implications over the past several decades. Over the past few years, the whole world witnessed the impact of modern advances in information technology, globalization, and many other factors, all of which increased the public awareness of changes in global business environment and also brought many challenges to this profession. In response to these difficulties, modern accountants must develop a broader range of knowledge and skills to better perform their financial responsibilities. This paper examines several key challenges concerning the profession: 1) independence, 2) globalization and IFRS, 3) knowledge and skills gap. Challenges faced by accounting profession Independence and objectivity Independence is not a new issue faced by accountants; however, it has been and always will be one of the biggest challenges faced by this profession. Accounting to the research done by Beverley, Barry...
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...The Historical Development of Nursing Timeline University of Phoenix Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR/513 Alexandra Winter December 7, 2013 The Historical Development of Nursing Timeline The nursing profession continues to develop and transform in practice and roles mostly due to the development of nursing models and theories that promote evidence based practice. Nursing remains a profession of caring and service. The pioneers of this profession revolutionized this career and have allowed nursing to evolve while concurrently finding ways to provide better care. The earliest nurses did not attend nursing school; they were often women who provided care for the poor, sick or homeless without family support. In the middle ages, nurses who were affiliated with religious organizations, and they managed hospitals. In the 18th and 19th centuries, nursing expanded to include caring for soldiers wounded in war. The Civil War laid the foundation for a professional nurse. Their work changed the public's opinion about women in health care. Avant and Walker state that, “… during the mid-twentieth century and the years that followed, nursing leaders in the United States saw theory development as a means of firmly establishing nursing as a profession, and not just a task-oriented occupation with little autonomy” (Walker & Avant, 2011, Chapter 1). The historical development of nursing can best be explained using a timeline. Grand Theories – Broad Scope, General Concept...
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...Abstract The health care system is a complex part of the economy that emphasizes cost efficient methods of addressing the dynamic health needs of today’s population. The baby boomer generation is aging, and the cost of health care is at the forefront in the news. Case managers facilitate the process of navigating through the health care system to attain the proper treatment necessary for the patient, thus integrating a complex multidisciplinary health care system. Preparing new nurse case managers in this specialized field requires an advanced professional background based on education and experience. Keywords: case management, case manager, health care system The Growing Need for Case Managers The 65 years and older cohort in the United States will reach 20% of the population, reaching an estimated number of 80 million by the year 2050; while by the year 2020, a severe professional nursing shortage of two hundred and eight hundred thousand nurses is projected to occur. The discrepancy between the supply of nurses and the demand of health care services for an aging population is driving much emphasis on issues related to health care coverage, health promotion and prevention, and treatment of escalating chronic diseases that afflict this country, such as diabetes and dementia. The underlying message of this emphasis is the containment of health care cost, a burden patients will have to face when undertaking medical services, and revisions in...
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