The concepts and relations between efficiency and effectiveness, Lean and sustainability in organisations.

Introduction

Efficiency and effectiveness are two important, basic parts of work organisation which have a different focus. Challenge is to handle both of them. The question is: Does every organisation concentrates on both concepts?
Lean approach is commonly use in a long-term companies focusing on minimizing waste. Sustainability is very comprehensive, holistic and challenging.
The aim of this essay is to discuss the concepts mentioned above. This essay will describe each one separately and then discuss relations between them.

1.Review of the concepts
1.1 Efficiency

Theory describes efficiency as to do things right. It is a relationship between outputs and inputs which can be measured. Main focus here is to use resources (mainly human) in a efficient way which means to achieve a specific product while meeting as little waste as possible.
According to Reddin from University of New Brunswick 100% efficiency can be obtained by high output in relation to high input, the same result can be achieved where both output and input are low. Efficient managers seek to solve problems and reduce costs (Cole&Kelly, 2011). Those managers follow four step POMC approach which contains planning, organizing, motivating and controlling. Management does design group of people who work together with maximum efficiency to achieve common goals. Managers of operational planning are concerned with efficient delivery goods and services. Their horizons are the present and the immediate future, as they attempt to make the best use of employee skills, operational procedures and technology in servicing their customers (Cole&Kelly, 2011).
Management here is on a top of hierarchical structure, decides and gives commands to the workers, knows best, gives a task and defines duties and