...An Analysis of Linux Scalability to Many Cores Silas Boyd-Wickizer, Austin T. Clements, Yandong Mao, Aleksey Pesterev, M. Frans Kaashoek, Robert Morris, and Nickolai Zeldovich MIT CSAIL A BSTRACT This paper analyzes the scalability of seven system applications (Exim, memcached, Apache, PostgreSQL, gmake, Psearchy, and MapReduce) running on Linux on a 48core computer. Except for gmake, all applications trigger scalability bottlenecks inside a recent Linux kernel. Using mostly standard parallel programming techniques— this paper introduces one new technique, sloppy counters—these bottlenecks can be removed from the kernel or avoided by changing the applications slightly. Modifying the kernel required in total 3002 lines of code changes. A speculative conclusion from this analysis is that there is no scalability reason to give up on traditional operating system organizations just yet. but the other applications scale poorly, performing much less work per core with 48 cores than with one core. We attempt to understand and fix the scalability problems, by modifying either the applications or the Linux kernel. We then iterate, since fixing one scalability problem usually exposes further ones. The end result for each application is either good scalability on 48 cores, or attribution of non-scalability to a hard-to-fix problem with the application, the Linux kernel, or the underlying hardware. The analysis of whether the kernel design is compatible with scaling rests on the extent to which...
Words: 12751 - Pages: 52
...Make sure you label each section accordingly and answer all the questions. For this lab it is recommended that you review the Demo Lab presentations in the Unit 1 and Unit 2 Learning Space. Click the PRACTICE link > DEMO LAB > then click the hyperlink to launch the demonstration. Part # 1 Install a Core Linux Operating System on a Server Learning Objectives and Outcomes Upon completing this lab, students should know more about the following tasks: * Install a base Linux operating system using a Fedora core Linux server for production use on the VM server farm * Create secured partitions within the core Linux server for desired security hardening, performance, and application support * Enable a network time server during installation to maintain a synchronized time setting throughout the system * Set a hostname that is descriptive of the role of the server to maintain standard and concise naming conventions during installation * Create a non-privileged user account for system administration access as a secure alternative to logging in as root user Overview In this lab the students will see how to install and partition a Fedora Core Linux Server. The installation process, applying passwords, creating partitions, and system administrator access controls will be part of the operating system configuration requirements. The demonstration will show how to use the terminal or terminal emulator for command line configurations and implementation...
Words: 1168 - Pages: 5
...Make sure you label each section accordingly and answer all the questions. For this lab it is recommended that you review the Demo Lab presentations in the Unit 1 and Unit 2 Learning Space. Click the PRACTICE link > DEMO LAB > then click the hyperlink to launch the demonstration. Part # 1 Install a Core Linux Operating System on a Server Learning Objectives and Outcomes Upon completing this lab, students should know more about the following tasks: * Install a base Linux operating system using a Fedora core Linux server for production use on the VM server farm * Create secured partitions within the core Linux server for desired security hardening, performance, and application support * Enable a network time server during installation to maintain a synchronized time setting throughout the system * Set a hostname that is descriptive of the role of the server to maintain standard and concise naming conventions during installation * Create a non-privileged user account for system administration access as a secure alternative to logging in as root user Overview In this lab the students will see how to install and partition a Fedora Core Linux Server. The installation process, applying passwords, creating partitions, and system administrator access controls will be part of the operating system configuration requirements. The demonstration will show how to use the terminal or terminal emulator for command line configurations and implementation...
Words: 1494 - Pages: 6
...3. Next, windows will copy the temporary files and then displays the message “Get important updates for Windows Setup screen”. However, if we are connected to the internet, we need to select the option Go online to install updates now (which is highly recommended). However, if we are connected to the Internet, we have to select the option to get updates on the screen. 4. In the next Install Windows screen, click on the Install now button. 5. Next, we will receive the options as shown in the figure below, which will enable us to install the complete Standard or Datacenter version of Windows Server 2012 using operating system with a GUI option or using Windows Server Core option. 6. Next, select the Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter (Server...
Words: 2084 - Pages: 9
...to increase the reliability and flexibility of your server infrastructure while helping save time and reduce costs. Enterprise is the advanced server that provides cost-effective and reliable support for mission-critical workloads. Datacenter delivers an enterprise-class platform for deploying business-critical applications and large-scale virtualization on small and large servers. Web Server is a powerful Web application and services platform. Featuring Internet Information Services (IIS) 7.5 and designed exclusively as an Internet-facing server. (Microsoft, 2010) Top 10 New Features in Windows Server 2008 #10: The self-healing NTFS file system: Ever since the days of DOS, an error in the file system meant that a volume had to be taken offline for it to be remedied. In WS2K8, a new system service works in the background that can detect a file system error, and perform a healing process without anyone taking the server down. #9: Parallel session creation: "Prior to Server 2008, session creation was a serial operation," Russinovich reminded us. "If you've got a Terminal Server system, or you've got a home system where you're logging into more than one user at the same time, those are sessions. And the serialization of the session initialization caused a bottleneck on large Terminal Services systems. So Monday morning, everybody gets to work, they all log onto their Terminal Services system like a few hundred people supported by the system, and they've all got to...
Words: 1157 - Pages: 5
...194.34.76.34 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, what is the network number? 194.34.76.0 7. You have an IPv4 address of 207.34.65.231 with a subnet mask of 255.255.240.0. What is the CIDR notation? /20 8. Which technology is used to translate multiple private addresses to a public address? NAT 9. How many bits does a IPv6 address have? 128 10. TRUE > DHCP can dynamically allocate an IP address from a pool of addresses and then reclaim it when it is no longer needed. 11. Which Windows installation option in Windows Server 2008 provides a stripped-down version of the OS when you select it? Server Core 12. Which role is NOT available in a Server Core installation? Application Server 13. Hyper-V is available on which version of Server Core? X64 14. Which feature is NOT available in a Server Core installation? Message Queuing 15. Which new tool provides capabilities so you can evaluate the hardware on servers as well as workstations? MAP > Microsoft Assessment and Planning Solution Accelerator 16. Which role is used when performing unattended installations of Windows Server 2008 and other operating systems on remote computers using network-based boot and installation media? Windows Deployment Services 17. Windows Deployment Services role does not include: Application...
Words: 890 - Pages: 4
...++Starting Out with Programming Logic and Design, 3rd Edition By Tony Gaddis C++ Language Companion or Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Introduction 3 Introduction to Computers and Programming 4 Input, Processing, and Output 9 Functions 19 Decision Structures and Boolean Logic 27 Repetition Structures 41 Value-Returning Functions 49 Input Validation 59 Arrays 61 Sorting and Searching Arrays 72 Files 77 Menu-Driven Programs 86 Text Processing 89 Recursion 95 Object-Oriented Programming 97 Page 2 Introduction Welcome to the C++ Language Companion for Starting Out with Programming Logic and Design, 3rd Edition, by Tony Gaddis. You can use this guide as a reference for the C++ Programming Language as you work through the textbook. Each chapter in this guide corresponds to the same numbered chapter in the textbook. As you work through a chapter in the textbook, you can refer to the corresponding chapter in this guide to see how the chapter's topics are implemented in the C++ programming language. In this book you will also find C++ versions of many of the pseudocode programs that are presented in the textbook. Note: This booklet does not have a chapter corresponding to Chapter 15 of your textbook because C++ does not provide a GUI programming library. Page 3 Chapter 1 This chapter accompanies...
Words: 1609 - Pages: 7
...read/write times) for storage along with a graphics card (NVIDIA GTX475) capable of delivering the type of images the designer is looking for. A system for this use would also require a processor able to handle the raw computing needs. I would use a i7 Core running at 3.0 GHz or better. This would also need to have a fast Ethernet connection for uploading or downloading of files. Engineer The computer I would choose for this profession would be very similar to that used by the Graphic Designer, except that it would not need to have as high a graphics card. It would need to have the same or higher memory and a processor at 4.0 GHz or better. Lawyer Due to the nature of this profession, I would recommend a laptop so that it could be carried around to the different places this profession would need it. For this I choose a Apple MacBook Pro. My reason for this choice is because the MacBook is small, yet powerful. The MacBook Pro is loaded with hardware and software that would make its job easy for the profession. Computers Asus - Desktop - Intel Core i7 - 12GB $949.99 4th Gen Intel® Core™ i7-4790S processor Features an 8MB cache and 3.2GHz processor speed with Turbo Boost up to 4.0GHz. Intel® Core™ i7 processor Delivers efficient multiway processing for ultimate smart performance. Intel® Turbo Boost Technology delivers extra performance when you need it and increased energy efficiency when you don't....
Words: 1049 - Pages: 5
...goal is to find a laptop that is properly suited for online research, typing (writing software), playing games, and streaming/downloading movies, videos, and music. Therefore, I will need a laptop that has lots of space/memory, can multi-task without lagging, a good video/audio card and speakers, and a fast processor with good amount of RAM. I will therefore be comparing the 3 laptops mainly in those areas. I will also need a printer to print the research papers I type up and other school work such as articles for researching. I found 3 laptops that I will compare in order to determine which of the 3 best suits my needs. All 3 are sold by BestBuy. The first laptop is a Dell Inspiron, which costs $549.99. It has an Intel Dual Core processor with a speed of 3 GHz. It has a 6 GB RAM memory and 4 MB of cache memory. Therefore, these specs show that this laptop is good enough to run multiple (but not too many) programs simultaneously without lagging and perform fast. Furthermore, it has a hard drive disk space of 1 TB, which is sufficient to run the Windows 10 operating system, the software I am interested in (which will be discussed later in the “Software” section), and any word, spreadsheet, or presentation documents I will need to save to the hard drive. Additionally, it will suffice for any videos, movies, or music I will download. It also has an HD graphics card with a MaxxAudio sound card and speakers which “delivers unparalleled audio performance, with sound...
Words: 2026 - Pages: 9
...Lopayi Wani 06/23/15 NT2670 Email and Web Services Unit 1 Assignment 1: Installing Server Roles with a Batch File Assignment: After careful consideration, it was decided by the corporate IT team that in order to increase security and lower your attack surface, Windows 2008 Server Core would be installed on a group of your servers. However, a few roles need to be installed on the server and your Senior Administrator is not familiar with installing roles on a Server Core machine. Using Internet research and use notepad to create a batch file to install the following roles: DHCP, DNS, Print Services and Hyper-V. Students will complete a notepad file that will successfully install all of the roles mentioned. Save the file using the name Roles.bat. 1. DHCP: start /w ocsetup dhcpservercore. 2. DNS: start /w ocsetup DNS-Server-Core-Role 3. PRINT: start /ocsetup Printing_ServerCore-Role. 4. SERVICES: start /w ocsetup MediaServer, 5. HYPER- Start /ocsetup Microsoft-Hyper-V. Questions 1. What does the /w switch do? Why is it used? Specifies the warning level, an integer in the range 0 through 4. There is no space between the /W switch and the digit indicating the warning-level value. 2. What switch is used to remove a role? To remove a role you would need to commas to separate command names. 3. What is the command to start the DHCP Server service? To open DHCP, click Start, click Settings, click Control Panel, double-click Administrative...
Words: 267 - Pages: 2
...NT1210 Unit 1 HomeWork Assignment 1: 1. Which of the following is true about 1 bit? a. Can represent decimal values 0 through 9 2. How many bits are in a byte? ____8_____ 3. Fill out the following Chart Term | Size(Bytes) | Size(2n Bytes) | Rounded Size (Bytes) | Kilobyte | 1024 | 2 10 | 1000 | Megabyte | 1,048,576 | 2 20 | 1,000,000 | Gigabyte | 1,073,741,824 | 2 30 | 1,000,000,000 | Terabyte | 1,099,511,627,776 | 2 40 | 1,000,000,000,000 | 4. Which of the following answers are true about random-access memory (RAM) as it is normally used inside a personal computer? (Choose two answers.) b. Used for long-term memory d. Connects to the CPU over a bus using a cable 5. This chapter describes the concepts behind how a CPU reads the contents from RAM. Which of the following is true about the process of read data, as described in the chapter? a. The CPU tells the RAM which address holds the data that the CPU wants to read. 6. Define Character set: A list of all the characters on a computer with matching binary values ex: a = 110001 in ASCII which uses a 7bit code. 7. Character encoding scheme is another name for character set? a. True 8 & 9. Complete the following Decimal to binary chart. Decimal | Binary | | Decimal | Binary | 193 | 11000001 | | 255 | 1111111 | 52 | 00110100 | | 19 | 10011 | 50 | 110010 | | 172 | 10101100 | 170 | 10101010 | | 14 | 1110 | 6 | 110 (binary) | | 0 | 0000 | 10. Which of the...
Words: 1421 - Pages: 6
...the instruction set architecture is the program language. Table of Contents Introduction What OS file system should we use? What types of processors? Cluster Architecture? Data Backup LAN or WAN Web-based diagram Introduction to Coast to Coast computing We can get in a plane and be across the country in a few hours but what if we need to work together faster than a few hours? Is it possible? How hard is it to have users in California work with users in Washington, New York, and Florida? What has to be done to make this happen? How secure will it be to have such a network? This and many other questions come up when a company starts thinking of expansion beyond the building or city they headquartered at. When looking at a network a business wants to be sure it is using the most cost effective form for the network. The base of a network is the architecture. For small businesses a peer to peer architecture would be best. There are three types of peer-to-peer architecture: collaborative computing, instant messaging, and affinity communities. In collaborative computing the unused CPU processing power along with any free disk space is combined with machines on the same network. A very common peer-to-peer networking is instant messaging. Google Hangouts is an example of this where each user can communicate in real time via chat. In affinity communities there is file sharing which...
Words: 1513 - Pages: 7
...Course Objectives and Learning Outcomes In this assignment, you will evaluate how to perform post-installation tasks, including the installation of roles with Server Manager and how to create batch files to manage administrative tasks. Assignment Requirements Evaluate the following scenario: After careful consideration, it was decided by the corporate IT team that in order to increase security and lower your attack surface, Windows 2008 Server Core would be installed on a group of your servers. However, a few roles need to be installed on the server, and your Senior Administrator is not familiar with installing roles on a Server Core machine. Use notepad to create a batch file to install the following roles: DHCP, DNS, Print Services and Hyper-V. Questions: 1. What does the /w switch do? Why is it used? 2. What switch is used to remove a role? 3. What is the command to start the DHCP Server service? 4. What command is used to configure a DNS zone? These commands will be entered in a WordPad. Once entered the file will be saved has roles.bat. double clicking on the file will run it automatically /w ocsetup DHCPServerCore /w ocsetup DNS-Server-Core-Role /w ocsetup Microsoft-Hyper-V /w ocsetup Printing-ServerCore-Role 1. What does the /w switch do? Why is it used? Using /w prevents the command prompt from returning until the installation completes. Without /w, there is no indication that the installation completed. 2. What switch is...
Words: 314 - Pages: 2
...File Management POS355 May 30, 2012 File Management When implementing a networked information system that will support thousands of users, it is important to consider which files will need restricted access, and which will be open to all users. The purpose of this essay will explore how a Unix system configured to support five thousand users is able to allow only four thousand nine hundred ninety of those users access to a single file. Unix File Access Control Although Unix has evolved over the years, even the most up to date system relies quite heavily upon the originally introduced file access scheme found in the very early versions of Unix. The core of this functionality essentially states that there are three possible permissions any user can have with a single file: read, write, and execute. Permissions for each of these actions are stored with the file’s inode and granted for three groups: the file owner, member’s of the file’s group; and everyone else. All of these permissions are identified in the first nine bits of the file’s twelve protection bits. The last three bits of the file’s protection bits indicate special behavior. The first two bits tell Unix whether to duplicate the permissions granted for the file owner, or file group, upon execution, respectively. The third bit represents a sticky bit that was originally used in early versions of Unix, but has since been decommissioned. This permission essentially told the operating system whether to keep...
Words: 580 - Pages: 3
...Exercise 2.1Exercise 2.2Exercise 2.3Lab Challenge | Completing Post-Installation Tasks Adding Roles and Features Converting the GUI Interface to Server Core Using the Server Core Interface | * Exercise 2.1 | Completing Post-Installation Tasks | Overview | In this exercise, you complete the tasks necessary to set up a server on which Windows Server 2012 R2 has just been installed. | Mindset | When you purchase a server from an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) with Windows Server 2012 R2 installed, the factory runs a program called Sysprep.exe that prepares the server for distribution by erasing all the user-specific information on the system. | Completion time | 20 minutes | Question1 | Why must you set the time zone to Eastern time, even if that is not where you are currently located?hjhjhjk | 28. Log on to SERVERB using the Administrator account and the password Pa$$w0rd. When Server Manager opens, click Local Server in the left pane, take a screen shot of the Properties window by pressing Alt+Prt Scr, and then paste it into your Lab 2 worksheet file in the page provided by pressing Ctrl+V. Your screen shot should show the parameters you modified during this exercise. [copy screen shot over this text] ...
Words: 673 - Pages: 3
