...because an estimated average cost per infraction at a medium security prison is $970 (Jiang & Fisher-Giorlando, 2002). For these reasons, Jiang & Fisher- Giorlando conducted a research to help explain violent incidents, incidents against correctional staff and incidents against other inmates in prison. Identifying the risk factors of inmates to commit violent acts of misconduct is of great importance to prison administration. This type of research can assist in the classification process of inmates entering institutions as well as the ongoing classification adjustments of inmates already in custody. This study will identify and investigate factors for violent institutional misconduct. These factors include; however, are not limited to race, age, education and employment, family ties, length of sentence, security level, prison environment and gender. The hypotheses of this study are: 1. Violent prison misconduct is more prevalent among African-American and Hispanic inmates than Caucasians or any other ethnic group. 2. Inmates who are residing in maximum-security facilities are more violent than inmates residing in medium...
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...England, or even China often consider themselves to be superior compared to other people. In spite the fact that there are interracial marriages in Hawaii, there still exist boundaries between races. Polynesians who are the original inhabitants of the islands lives below poverty level, majority of them are unemployed, and they are the people with the most health problems. Finally, Polynesians who are Natives of Hawaii are still striving to be recognized as an independent state just like the Indian tribes of America. In this chapter, Steve gives a chronological account of the similarities and dissimilarities among different races and ethnicity. He applies the concept of frequencies of mutations in genetics particularly of mitochondria, evident migration between different continents, and mixed populations with mixed races that always target the Hawaii state of America. It is because of this that even the scientists are not capable of ascertaining a true Native of Hawaii scientifically since most of the habitants of Hawaii are not true descendants of the first people who occupied the Islands of Hawaii, the Polynesians. In addition, Hawaii, the correlation existing between biology and ethnicity or race is extremely slight, particularly because peoples self-identify themselves in terms of ethnicity not only has a bases on their ancestors but on the prospective groups, they wish to belong. Consequently, any notion such as native of Hawaii has scientific...
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...What variables affect the difference in crime rates throughout the neighborhoods of a city? By Anna Burns Introduction: This project is a focus on how variables such as population, ethnicity, and income affect crime rates throughout different neighborhoods throughout a city. I feel that this information finding this information could be useful to many people. For example if you are looking to buy a new home or even start a new business, you’ll probably want it located in a safe neighborhood. This study will help identify the signs of a safe neighborhood. Knowing why crime rates are higher in some areas may also help prevent the crime rate to rise in other neighborhoods. For example, if crime rates are higher in neighborhoods with a higher percent of vacant houses, a city might give incentives for home buyers to buy houses in those neighborhoods to fill those vacant houses. Data and Variables: Most of my data came from the 2010 census, so my sample is only from 2010. With only one year of data some results may be skewed. I tried getting data from other censuses but it was not easily retrievable and some parts of the data were missing. The different quantitative variables I am using separated by neighborhood are median household income, total population, ethnic makeup (divided into white, Hispanic/Latino, Black/African America, ect…) total crimes, and housing units (vacant, occupied). The categorical variables I am using are neighborhood, community (group of neighborhoods...
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...problem that is moreorless overlooked. Factors such as residential segregation and political disenfranchisement play a part in the numbers of homeless people that live, and why they seemingly appear to not be in our sights. One correlation that could be made between the film and this topic is that the protagonist, Jay Gatsby, could have easily been thrown into this category if he didn’t strive to reach the goals he had. Another...
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...Crime and Punishment sect. 00002 | Racial Profiling | Negative effects of race on law enforcement | Presented to Dr. Gina De Iaco | Presented by Lara Ipekian 1228828 | 11/7/2014 | | Abstract Practicing racism is the act of discriminating due to different pigmentation of skin color or culture. Racial profiling is when a person of legal authority uses their racist prejudices on a civilian while making decisions. It is hypothesized that racial minorities of a population are judged prior to knowing details about the case due to the color of their skin. There are numerous researchers who have provided enough information in order to prove that racial profiling is still an issue for either juror, policeman or any other figure of legal status. Studies show that minorities are treated unfairly in court and on the roads since the first gun law. Introduction The following dissertation will be discussing the issue of unequal distribution of law enforcement in correlation to racism. It is an atrocity that a horrible mentality created centuries ago is still being used against ethnicities in the 21st century. All races should be considered as equal to one another, whether white, black, yellow or even purple. We, humans, share the same planet. Under our skin, we share identical functioning. Somewhere between our pigmentation and our culture we have lost our rationality. For some reason, the media exposes more crime from minorities, creating prejudice. It is important...
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...The piece presented on intercultural relations tries to find the correlation between our ethnic background and interaction we have among other ethnic groups. While their findings are compelling, they are not surprising to find. While this article aims place some light on the issue of diversity and its function, it shows us a whole new different reality on ethnicity and race. Let us tackle diversity first. Diversity is merely a positive way to interact with other cultures; it is a form in which explores cultures at a surface level, while the predominant society places their own way of life on a pedestal. Multiculturalism it is called and it is greatly applauded by universities and many grassroots organizations. When this practice is looked at closely, it is the most racist practice out there. In a subtle manner, the predominant society celebrates an ethnic culture but treats it in an exotic manner. The predominant society treats the ethnic group no different than the hunter who captures a rare breed of tiger. The hunter will celebrate the strength and rarity of the tiger, but it will assure the crowd and the tiger that he is in control, by keeping him in a cage. The predominant society creates holidays which celebrates different ethnic groups, but while this is done a cultural hegemony is at hand. A system in which the current system places politics, religion, and economics to justify everything they do. The predominant society uses these components to create a cage in which...
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...GOFF, ANNE-MARIE, Ph.D. Stressors, Academic Performance, and Learned Resourcefulness in Baccalaureate Nursing Students. (2009) Directed by Dr. David F. Ayers. 135 pp. Despite extensive research establishing that stress affects problem-solving ability and coping, and leads to decreased learning, academic performance, and retention in nursing students, a paucity of research explores specific factors that could enhance these learning processes and outcomes. This explanatory correlational study examines the mediating effect of learned resourcefulness, the ability to regulate emotions and cognitions, on the relationships of stressors—both personal and academic—to academic performance in baccalaureate nursing students. Gadzella’s Student-life Stress Inventory (SSI) and Rosenbaum’s Self-Control Scale (SCS), a measure of learned resourcefulness, were administered to 53 junior level baccalaureate nursing students (92.5% female; 84.9% Caucasian; 9.4% African-American or Black) at a large urban university in North Carolina. High levels of both personal and academic stressors were revealed, but were not significant predictors of academic performance (p = .90). Age was a significant predictor of academic performance (p < .01) and both males and African-American/ Black participants had higher learned resourcefulness scores on the SCS than females and Caucasians. Total stress scores on the Student-life Stress Inventory showed that male participants perceived less stress (N = 4, M = 116.5)...
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...Allo64 . Obesity Vladimir Jean-Philippe ABS 200: Introduction to Applied Behavioral Science Dr. A’ndrea Wilson September, 2nd, 2013 Let’s face it; we’re a nation of fat people. In a world where thin is in and is glamorized by the media, how is it that 68.7% of American adults are either obese or overweight? If we look at the youth of our nation, obesity is even affecting them as well. Childhood obesity has more than doubled in children and tripled in adolescents in the past 30 years (Ogden, Carroll, Flegal, 2010). The percentage of children aged 6–11 years in the United States who were obese increased from 7% in 1980 to nearly 18% in 2010. Similarly, the percentage of adolescents aged 12–19 years who were obese increased from 5% to 18% over the same period (Ogden, Carroll, Flegal, 2010). What has happened in those years that obesity is on the rise? This paper will examine a case study of Kate Myers life and her dealing with obesity and see how she is affected from a Micro, Mezzo, and Macro perspective and also describe the kinds of influences that may have led to this person’s situation and level of influence. Kate Myers was your typical average girl growing up. She was kind, fun loving, helpful and very resilient young lady. Rarely did she ever let negative things get her upset. What brought Kate great joy; was her ability to help others when she was able. Now at the age of 39, from Millville, New Jersey, Kate’s dreams of becoming a successful lawyer has now...
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...Briarcliffe College Affirmative action generally means giving special or preferred treatment to minorities in terms of jobs, housing, and school admissions. This also includes the monitoring of government handled locations to ensure that there is no discrimination (“Affirmative Action,” 2001). According to the Office of Equal Opportunity and Diversity, the term “affirmative action” was first used by President John F. Kennedy in 1961. He signed an executive order stating that applicants, as well as those already employed, be treated equally, without regard to race, color or nation of origin. This was then revised in 1965 by Lyndon B. Johnson to include gender (2002). 50 years later, these orders are still in place. However, there is a very wide spread debate on whether or not they should still be applicable. When these orders were put into place, they were meant to be the first step toward breaking down the barriers between the majorities and minorities. One of the biggest accomplishments of affirmative action was the ability to now give the disadvantaged an equal chance compared someone who was not. On an academic level, it gave poorer, inner city kids the opportunity to go to college and break the mold. For many, this meant being the first in the family to even have the opportunity to go to college (Messerli, 2012). Another contribution was the increase in diversity. Women were now given the chance to overcome stereotypes and work in fields outside the norm, such as the automotive...
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...In “Same-Race and Cross-Race Matching,” a study published by NorthWest Regional Educational Laboratory, the publishers assert that many studies have shown that, “matching by race, however, was not associated with youth-reported levels of emotional support or youths’ satisfaction with their mentors.” A great mentor-mentee relationship is a product of carefully executed matching. “In fact, the findings suggest that the effect of race on relationships are subtle and act in combination with other factors (such as gender and the mentor’s interpersonal style) to shape the ultimate influence of mentoring.” Hence, there is no direct correlation between intra-race matching and a successful mentoring relationship. Instead, several other matching criteria ought to be employed when matching mentors and mentees. Some alternatives for matching could be “shared interests” like academic interests or fervor for sports. “Many programs, for example, believe that having at least some kind of “similarity” between the mentor and youth is an important criterion… Other common criteria include the mentor’s attitudes and temperament, special needs of the youth matched with special talents of the mentor, and the geographic proximity of the mentor and...
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...Kyllonen et al. have been working on methods to determine stature when skulls are found without other skeletal materials. Up until this point, no equations had been developed for the United States population for estimating stature based on standard cranial measurements (Kyllonen 2017). Only a weak to moderate correlation was found in the dataset for some measurements. Other measurements with formulae based on sex and ancestry specific groupings provided accurate stature ranges with a 95% confidences rating with a large interval (Kyllonen 2017: 184). The overall study conclusions are that cranial measurements can be used for broad stature identification; however, the breadth needed in stature to provided accuracy makes the identified stature too broad for most forensic...
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...22/4/2016 Data Project Relationship Between Gun Ownership And Ethnicity Groups.html Data Project: Relationship Between Gun Ownership And Ethnicity Groups Introduction: The purpose of this project is to investigate if there is a relationship between gun ownership in the households of US citizens aged 18 or older and ethnicity groups. A clearer way to state the research question is “are people belonging to particular ethnicity groups more likely to own a gun in their households?” Widespread gun ownership is the subject of many debates on crime rate in the US. In that respect this study could also provide useful insights into indentifying whether people belonging to a particular ethnicity group feel they are not sufficiently protected by police force. Data: The study uses American National Elections Study (ANES) data for the year 2012. ANES is a survey of voters in the United States, conducted before and after every presidential election. For the year 2012 the data were collected in 2 different modes (Internet mode and Face-to-face mode), using 2 separate samples. The global sample is composed of 5914 cases (2.054 face-to-face mode and 3.860 Internet mode). The observations are US citizens aged 18 or older. For the Internet mode, all study participants were members of the Knowledge Panel, a panel of regular survey participants administered by GfK (formerly Knowledge Networks). Panelists were recruited using two probability sampling methods: address-based...
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...University, New York, USA Abstract A multi-ethnic sample of 248, ages 13–26, was used to examine the effects of age, gender, and ethnic group membership on ethnic identity and ego identity scores. Subjects were recruited from college and public schools in a large northeastern metropolitan area. The multigroup ethnic identity measure (MEIM) was used to assess ethnic identity and ego identity status was measured by the extended objective measure of ego identity status (EOMEIS). An age by ethnic group design was employed. Consistent findings of significant ethnic group differences in levels of ethnic identity were observed. Age and ethnic group were found to contribute differently to ethnic identity and ego identity status. The relationship between ethnic identity and ego identity status was found to be pronounced among subjects of color but not as dramatic as hypothesized. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ego identity status; Ethnic identity; Adolescents; Adults 1. Introduction The ways adolescents attempt to resolve their identity crises are idiosyncratic to each individual and their life circumstances. Despite such diversity of approach to the ‘‘Who am I?’’ question, some variables seem to consistently contribute to the adolescent identity resolution process. Family type (one- vs. two-parents), socioeconomic status, and gender are variables that play a role in the adolescent’s process in clear, consistent, and empirically verifiable ways. *Correspondence...
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...capital and civic engagement have been wiped out to a critical level. He explains that the modern society has become a cesspool of crime, immorality, inequality and utmost poverty among the American people. He goes further to relate the deviation of the social capital to the earlier mentioned ill activities in the society, while he associates the social capital increase to the some positive aspects like economic prosperity, education, democracy, children welfare, productive neighborhoods, safe welfare, proper healthcare and happiness to the people. The evidence that Putman mounts is unquestionable with regards to correlation, and he cautions that even mere correlation cannot be substituted for causation just automatically. In addition, the author of the book goes to the extent of discrediting all the existing critical objections that are based on the specific correlations that lead to causation. From the article, it is evident that commuting, sprawl and suburbanization contribute to the increasing time restraints through commuting for longer...
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...associations between aggression and spanking and the effects of punishment at various levels of severity and appropriateness. It is fair to say from a large collection of research conducted on the topic of child punishment and theory of child effects that there is a common suggestion that there should be debatable or reciprocal connection between the use of parental spanking and the association with later externalizing behavior through the transition to adolescence (MacKenzie, M. J., Nicklas, E., Brooks-Gunn,...
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