...at hate crimes as a projection of community theory regarding the media's role in shaping public thought and how society views the crimes as whites against nonwhites event. Since there is little reliable data regarding hate crimes, interracial homicides were used to generate statistics on this study. The study concludes that nonwhite on white crimes are more common than white on nonwhite, and to some extent, nonwhite on nonwhite. Homicide (is?) perpetrated by nonwhite against white. The terms "hate violence and hate crimes" first appeared in the Final Report of the Attorney General's Commission on Racial, Ethnic, Religious and Minority Violence issued in April 1986. It defined hate violence to be any act of intimidation, harassment, physical force or threat of physical force directed against any person or their property or advocate. (Run-on sentence) It is motivated either in whole or in part by hostility to their real or perceived race, ethnic background, religious belief, sex, age, disability, or sexual orientation, with the intention of causing fear or intimidation or to deter the deterrence of free exercise or enjoyment of any rights or privileges secured by the Constitution whether or not performed under color of law. (http://www.cahro.org/html/definition.html) There is much historical evidence showing such violence is perpetrated by whites against non-whites. History has played a major role in influencing our way of thinking when it comes to hate crimes. Historical...
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...Domestic violence, as defined by the Crimes Act, is a “personal violence offence committed by a person against another person with whom the person who commits the offence has or has had a domestic relationship” (Crimes (Domestic and Personal Violence) Act 2007 pg 3 and pg 8). The term domestic relationship can be classified as a marriage, de facto partner, intimate personal relationship (sexual or not), relative or person living in the same household as the other person. Domestic violence is used as a means of intimidation where one partner aims to gain dominance over the other through either physical, sexual, emotional, verbal, or financial abuse. Under such a definition I was able to gather data on the occurrence of domestic violence related...
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...This week lecture discussed the use of guns and drugs, in regards to violence and crime. To begin with, gun are the immediate cause of about 40,000 U.S. deaths annually, in the event of injury however, they are less likely to occur if a gun is being used, compared to the using a knife since they are more lethal. For every gun homicide there are 6 gun crime victims who are injured and many more who are threatened. Consequently, suicide rates are higher in homes where an individual owns a gun. That being said, 49% of households own a gun and there is about 200 million guns in circulation. Though, the percentage of households with a gun has not increased, the number of guns in private hands has however grown. What this means is that individuals...
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...Gang violence can be prevented and put down; people should be aware on what is happening in their communities and tell and or educate people on how to prevent these kinds of things from happening. Every where in the world local and ton of local communities suffer from crimes that aren’t even related to them due to gangs being a major problem in their area this needs to be brought to the spot light so we can put a end to gangs/gang related crimes and by doing this and educating the younger generation and youth we can aspire and hope to create a future where kids and people can be safe from poverty, drugs, violence and shootings and the killing of people due to gang related crimes kids and teens often join gangs because a friend is in a gang,...
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...Does Video Game Violence Contribute to Youth crime Contribution towards Video game violence has been the biggest thing in youth crime since 1995. Crime rates are said to have risen and are blaming it upon violence video games such as those rated M for Mature or higher. Others have charted that crime rates dropped due to violent games which is quite right since there are other crimes far more worse then what is done in games. Scans have shown that video games teach youth that violence is acceptable to solve conflicts. When you’re exposed to violence day in and out, it loses its emotional impact on you, once you’re emotionally numb to violence; it’s much easier to engage in violence. Violent games desensitizing players making them more aggressive towards others which increase bullying in schools. It also promotes violence against woman, which we see a lot in today’s society. In 1998 a study founded that 21% of video games involved violence against woman. The number of games with violence against women has increased dramatically since then. Exposure to sexual violence in video games is linked to increases in violence towards women. These games also give kids the idea that the way women dress or act cause them to be assaulted and that it is their fault this violence occurs against them. While many claim to believe crime rates are caused by violent video games, juvenile crimes in the U.S declined as the popularity for violent video games have increased. Between 1995 and 2009...
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...Elizabethan Era Research Project Although the Elizabethan Era was very fascinating, it is evident that it was a time of violence as well as prosperity because of its views on crime and punishment. The Queen, Elizabeth I was responsible for much of England’s growth and stability in the economy. To add on, the fashion sense at the time was made up of intricate, detailed clothing that shaped society. Elizabeth I Firstly, Queen Elizabeth I was inherited England’s religious conflict and understood that to remain Queen she would have to gain public support. The years of her reign were one of the most admired in the era, proving why it was named after her. The princess was born to King Henry and wife Anne Boleyn. The people...
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...Hate Crime Statistics Report, there were a total of 8152 hate crimes reported around the country. 4368 were racial bias motivated; 1483 were religious bias motivated; sexual orientation bias accounted for 1330; ethnicity/national origin bias was the cause of 927 (11.4%); disability bias was connected with 36; and the remaining 8 incidents were the result of multiple biases. Recent years show more and more Hate crimes being the cause of violence in the nation. There are a lot of bias people in this world that is the main reason why Hate Crimes are the number one cause of violence in America because of racial, sexual discrimination, and religious crimes. One of the biggest riots we’ve had in 2015 was the effect of...
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... By: Robert Alcocer Domestic Violence is a severe crime that is now not tolerated in California or other states in the United States. Domestic Violence in California is classified as a Misdemeanor crime if the victim has no visible injuries, and a felony if the victim does have visible injuries. Domestic Violence victims suffer significantly, but the people that suffer the most are children who witness or hear the incident. Children grow up thinking that it is fine to hit their spouse, yell, or scream obscenities to their spouse because they grew up watching their parents constantly fighting and yelling at each other. The topic of children exposure to Domestic Violence is definitely a personal crime. The reason why this video is a personal crime is because whether the husband or wife initiate the crime of Domestic Violence, it is always personal towards that person. Their is no property crime because they are not fighting over a belonging, or husband did not take anything away from the wife, the crime is just personal whether it is from dinner not served and ready, or simply unable to get along. Some of the causal factors that were addressed in the video of children exposure to Domestic Violence were minimal. The only causal factor that comes to mind is that of the female in Boston calling her boyfriend who she has a restraining...
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...360 CRIME AND ALCOHOL MCGLOTHLIN, W., COHEN, S., & MCGLOTHLIN, M. S. (1967). Long-lasting effects of LSD on normals. Archives of General Psychiatry, 17, 521–532. NASH, H. (1962). Alcohol and caffeine: A study of their psychological effects, Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas. ROE, A. (1946). Alcohol and creative work. Quarterly Journal of the Study of Alcohol, 415–467. TART, C. T. (1971). On being stoned. Palo Alto. CA: Science and Behavior Books. is complex (involving multiple factors in addition to alcohol), and that alcohol is often blamed without justification for criminal offenses. HOW OFTEN DOES DRINKING PRECEDE THE COMMISSION OF CRIMES? The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), an agency of the U.S. Department of Justice, reviewed the role alcohol played in crime by looking at convicted offender data from 1996 (Greenfield, 1998). On an average day in 1996, an estimated 5.3 million convicted offenders were under the supervision of criminal justice authorities. Nearly 40% of these offenders, about two million, had been using alcohol at the time of the offense for which they were convicted. Whether the offender was on probation or was incarcerated in a local jail or a state prison, offenders were about equally likely to have been drinking at the time of the crime. What they consumed was similar, with beer being the most commonly used alcoholic beverage: 30 percent of probationers, 32 percent of jail inmates, and 23 percent of state prisoners said that they had been drinking...
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...Personal Perception of Organized Crime CJA/384 February 24, 2014 Abstract Organized crime does not have a specific race or ethnic background that it is associated with. Organized crime may be committed by two or more people that are embezzling money, or it may be committed by one low level criminal that is committing illegal acts on the streets of America. There are numerous characteristics that are associated with organized crime, such as, embezzlement, racketeering, money laundering, and violence. One thing that each person who commits organized crime has in common is that it is done for the same reasons, which is to gain money illegally and power over another person. Law enforcement officials do everything in their power to stop this illegal activity, but it is also citizen’s duty to report it to officials. Each member of society should familiarize him or herself with the true definition of organized crime, because otherwise one may find themselves a victim of this horrendous and deceitful act. Everyone has a personal opinion on what organized crime is, who commits it, and what it consists of. Most...
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...people seem to be more worried by crime, the research evidence suggests crime rates are not increasing. How can we explain this apparent contradiction? Word count: 2089 The threat of crime victimisation is ever-present in our daily lives. Despite the best laid defences, each one of us are likely to become a victim of crime at some point in our life time. Such direct experiences with crime can leave devastating effects, on the victims and their loved ones, for years to come. However, the chance of becoming a victim of crime is actually very slim. Media programming and reports are an indirect form of exposure to crime and the impact crime has on its victims. The likelihood of being exposed to crime through the media is far greater than chances of victimisation. In this technology-based age, it's almost impossible to avoid crime in the media. On countless occasions, the Australian public have shown a rising perception rate of crime and have a particular fear of burglary, motor vehicle theft and robbery. However, this widely-held view is in stark contrast to actual rates of crime over the same period of time. The public's fear and perception of rising crime within Australia is strongly influenced by the media through a selective process of over-emphasising violence and crime in news reporting and television programs, portrayed without context or consequence. Recent Australian studies suggest the general public continues to perceive crime rates to be rising and that burglary...
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...Short essay on crime against women Although, women may be victims of all kinds of crime, be it cheating, murder, robbery, etc., yet the crimes in which only women are victims and which are directed specifically against them are characterised as "crime against women". Broadly, crimes against women are classified under two categories: (1) Crimes under the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which include seven crimes: (i) rape, (ii) kidnapping and abduction, (iii) dowry deaths, (iv) torture physical and mental (including wife battering), (v) molestation, and (vi) sexual harassment, and (vii) importation of girls. (2) Crimes under Special and Local Laws (SLL), which include seventeen crimes, of which the important ones are: (i) immoral traffic (1956 and 1978 Act), (ii) dowry prohibition (1961 Act), (iii) committing Sati (1987 Act), and (iv) indecent representation of women (1986 Act). It is equally important to clarify the concept of 'violence' against women. If we take 'violence' as "conduct which incurs the formal pronouncements of the moral condemnation of the community," or "deviation from conduct norms of the normative groups", the scope of cases of 'violence against women' becomes too broad. Narrowly, the term 'violence' has been applied to "physically striking an individual and causing injury" (Kempe, 1982; Gil, 1970), to "the act of striking a person with the intent of causing harm or injury but not actually causing it" (Gelles and Strauss, 1979), to "acts where there...
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...232 April 10, 2016 Reflective Writing Assignment Chapter 10 introduced the concept of Interpersonal Violence. It refers to violence between individuals, and is subdivided into family and intimate partner violence and community violence. The former category includes child maltreatment; intimate partner violence; and elder abuse, while the latter is broken down into acquaintance and stranger violence and includes youth violence; assault by strangers; violence related to property crimes; and violence in workplaces and other institutions. Stalking is a form of Interpersonal Violence that involves a pattern of harassing or threatening behavior directed towards a person that is both unwanted and causes fear or concerns for personal safety. Stalking tactics include, but are not limited to, behaviors such as repeated unwanted phone calls, text messages, or emails, watching or following from a distance or showing up in places such as the victim/survivor’s home, workplace or school. Any of these behaviors individually are not necessarily illegal or in violation of university policy. However, when the person being stalked acknowledges the behavior is unwanted and repeated, there can be an implied threat in the continued contact. Stalking may occur in person, but it can also occur online and through social media. Another type of Interpersonal Violence is Hate Crime. It is a crime motivated by hatred, bias, or prejudice based on the actual or perceived race, color, religion, national...
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...The nature of crime in Australian society is diverse and its occurrence fluctuates over time (Makkai & Prenzler, 2015). This essay will firstly discuss and define the concepts of crime and violence. Secondly, it will define violent crime from a contemporary Australian legal perspective. It will then examine the overall nature of crime in Australia describing its categories and sub categories. Fourthly, the essay will establish the official agencies who collect and collate data that measures the nature and extent of crime in Australia. It will finally use this data and empirical evidence to compare the extent of violent crime with crimes that are non-violent. The essay will ultimately conclude by asserting that the majority of crime in society is not violent in nature. Crime is a complex phenomenon that attracts a variety of definitions (Ransley & Prenzler, 2015). The varying definitions of crime provide broad or limited meanings and are all, to a greater or lesser degree, problematic. This is because crime is socially constructed; thus what is considered a crime, or no longer considered a crime changes over time to comply with the norms, attitudes and expectations existing in society at a given historical period (Brookman, 2005; Howitt, 2012). Violence is also a socially constructed concept that lacks a specific definition (Indermaur, 2000; Papalia, Thomas, Ching & Daffern, 2015), however, in the broadest sense, violence, is typically an action or type of behaviour that...
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...Movie Violence Bob D. Weaver American Intercontinental University Abstract Movie Violence has positive and negative effects on society and individuals. Certain results have shown that after viewing violence in a film, viewers are more aggressive. It desensitizes people and makes them more probable to perform violent acts. The violence in films is lifted up by showing that people can achieve goals and live fabulous lifestyles by exerting dominance with violence. However, movie violence has positive effects such as the reduction of crime after large audiences view violent films. Good and evil, yin and yang, and Newton’s third law all show that there are two sides to everything. Where there is one effect, there is another to counter-balance. This is proven with the diverse effects of violence in movies. More often than not, when people speak about violence in movies, they speak about how it corrupts the minds of youth and leads to mankind becoming more violent as a species. The only arguments that are usually heard against these claims are about how the parents need to control the children and criminals need to stop blaming the television. Although not very known, the violence that is portrayed in movies and television shows has negative as well as positive effects. The criminal lifestyle in movies and television shows are often displayed as fabulous, powerful, and exotic to where the criminal can have or do anything they want because they often rule with violence. Because...
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