...The Crusades is a long-standing topic that has been discussed by a multitude of historians. Since the event took place almost millennia ago, there are a vast majority of question that are asked pertaining to the subject. The question of this paper: what were the politics that sparked the First Crusades? To answer this question, there are two resources that comprise the foundation and starting point of this paper. The two resources are: The Concise History of the Crusades by Thomas F. Madden and Pope Urban II's Call to Arms, which was recorded by Fulcher of Chartres. The most important document in this investigation is the Pope's Call to Arms, because it is a document from that time period and gives me a firsthand account of a significant event that...
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...The Crusades - Research paper The Crusades, like so much of the modern conflict, were not wholly rational movements that could be explained away by purely economic or territorial ambition or by the clash of rights and interests. They were fueled, on all sides, by myths and passions that were far more effective in getting people to act than any purely political motivation. The medieval holy wars in the Middle East could not be solved by rational treatises or neat territorial solutions. Fundamental passions were involved which touched the identity of Christians, Muslims and Jews and which were sacred to the identity of each. They have not changed very much in the holy wars of today. --Karen Armstrong, Holy War, 1988 Crusades were by far the...
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...Hehir has written numerous publications on her research of female genital mutilation, which can be deemed credible due to her career in Health Visiting and involvement with the Do Good Charity, an effort to supply nurse training in developing countries. A predominant flaw in this article is the lack of focus on the cultural significance of FGM. In focusing specifically on the oppressive laws put in place to abolish FGM, readers are unaware of the procedures importance within African communities and may therefore not understand the problematic nature of the 2004 Female Genital Mutilation Act. On the other hand, this paper is clear and concise, therefore aiding in the reader’s understanding of Western involvement with FGM. This article supports my essay’s focus on the need for discovering an alternative way to alter FGM instead of criminalizing the practice, by demonstrating how the Western world is using oppressive and insensitive tactics to deal with female circumcision. Reading about the specific ways the United Kingdom has attempted to abolish FGM is enlightening, as it...
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...has been a hot topic of discussion that considered through several different perspectives; emphasizing on this aspect, various scholars and researchers have illustrated the society with the instances of social, culture and political problems and more specifically the moral panics. Cohen (1972) defined moral panic as societal threat whereas Furedi (1994) described moral panics as a threat to happiness and health. Continuing the research in same domain, Goode and Ben-Yehuda also contributed in defining the concept of moral panics in relation to the cultural, social and political problems. Focusing on the broader spectrum presented by Goode and Ben-Yehuda, the given paper has been written. The main aim of the current discussion is to highlight the study or research conducted by Goode and Ben-Yehuda about a specific issue and major public concern that is none other than moral panics. The given paper has been categorized into the following sections in order to develop an understanding what the researchers have done in terms of constructionism, moral crusades and social problems. Main Theme: Action and concern is apparent within the communal control culture; it has been observed that law enforcement should be considered to do something remarkable regarding the perceived threat. In this regard, it is said that it is the role of legislators and politicians who grab a prospect to the recommend...
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...that the auditor’s ethics may be challenged. It may be that the auditor will be tempted to overlook a couple of items in favor of the company they are performing the audit for or risking their career by falsifying documents to support work they did not accomplish. According to Landes, auditors need to have enough independence to call the shots as they see them and not lose sight of their commitment to do so (2004). In order for auditors to keep their commitments and to rise above the temptations that exist in auditing, I believe it is vital for auditors to apply biblical principles to their auditing methods. Biblical Application In my own experience working in crusade ministries with the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA), we recently completed an external, third party audit of the finances for a crusade in the Philippines. Unlike other countries, the Philippines are very lax when it comes to source documents. Even for large purchases a hand-written receipt is usually accepted. Since it is rather easy to forge a source document in the Philippines, I believe the temptation exists where an auditor can fill in the gaps where source documents, such as receipts, are missing. It is from these temptations that an auditor’s ethics may be challenged. A false balance is an abomination to the Lord, but a just weight is His delight (Proverbs 11:11, NASB). It is clear from God’s word that anyone who has a responsibility such as auditing needs to adhere to a higher standard...
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...Property Crimes and the Criminals Behind it History of Theft Theft is not unique to modern times the theft of personal property has been known throughout history. The crusades of the eleventh century inspired peasants and downtrodden noblemen to leave the shelter of their of estates to prey upon passing pilgrims. Crusades felt it was within their rights to appropriate the possessions of any infidels Greeks, Jews, or Muslims they happened to encounter during their travels. By the thirteenth century, returning pilgrims not content to live as serfs on feudal estates, gathered in the forests of England and the continent to poach game that was the rightful property of their lord or king and when possible to steal from passing strangers. By the fourteenth century, many such highwaymen and poachers were full-time thieves, stealing great numbers of cattle and sheep and terrorizing the countryside. The fifteenth and sixteenth centuries brought hostilities between England and France in the Hundred Years’ War. Foreign mercenary troops fighting for both sides roamed the countryside; loot and pillage were viewed as a rightful part of their pay. As cities developed and a permanent class of property less urban poor came into being, theft became more professional. By the eighteenth century, three separate groups of property criminals were active: Skilled thieves typically worked in the large cities, such as London and Paris. This group included pickpocket, forgers, and counterfeiters, who...
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...Kristie Alvarado E04/Garmon/06 Outline Rough Draft 24 Feb 2012 Richard I the Lionheart I. Introduction of paper A. Hook (Attention Getting Statement) B. Background Information C. Thesis II. It would have been hard to find a more driving, ambitious and fiercely competitive family to be born into, but Richard would hold his own. A. Richard was the third surviving child of Henry II, one of the most astute and formidable of all English kings and the ruler of more of France than the French king himself. 1. Henry’s domains stretched from the Scottish border to the Pyrenees. He was twenty-four when Richard was born and the ravishingly beautiful, accomplished and willful Eleanor of Aquitaine, (Richard’s mother) was around thirty-five. 2. Both Eleanor and Henry were French and neither spoke English. 3. Their first son, William, had died in infancy. Their second child, Hennery, later known as the Young King, was two when Richard was born, and their daughter Matilda was one. There would be two more daughters and two more sons. B. Richard was born in Oxford, in Beaumont Palace which his Grandfather Henry I had built thirty years or so before. 1. There was no university yet at Oxford and the palace stood where Worcester College is today. 2. Out of all of Eleanor’s children, Richard was her favorite, but he didn’t see much of his mother or father as a child, as he grew older they were around more often. C. Fierce family quarrels...
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...The Reformation Movement Research Paper History 117 1. During the 1830s to the 1850s indicated a period when people were beginning to get a sense of reformation regarding American idealism of a democratic and free society. The core goal to end slavery became the central focus to a group known as abolitionists. Formed by a limited amount of men and women both white and black, the abolitionists came most from the North with hardly any from the South. The beliefs of the abolitionists to end slavery in the mid eighteen hundreds, came from not only their understanding of freedom and citizenship which meant equal rights for all persons regardless of their skin color or racial background, but the fact African Americans had not received any rights, and had used slaves as a source of income. Abolitionists indicated “African Americans should be recognized as American citizens and incorporated into the nation” , since American society intended for everyone living in the United States to be citizens. Black and white abolitionists who tried to end slavery were William Lloyd Garrison, Theodore Weld, and Frederick Douglas. 2. The movement of the abolition of slavery started to intensify as both northern and southern individuals gathered to voice their hostility towards slavery by using the public sphere. Abolitionists focused mainly on changing the views of the public on slavery by publishing pamphlets, gathering signatures...
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...Williams-Capers Columbia Southern University English Composition II Professor Dana Taylor December 11, 2011 Abstract Rap/Hip-Hop first became popular among African American and Latinos among youth in the streets of New York during the 1970’s. It was their way of expressing themselves in a friendly manner in the form of speech, fashion, and personal style. Rap/Hip-Hop music was a way for them to get their message out, by telling stories of their lifestyles. However, over the years Rap/Hip-Hop music has become much more popular for its explicit lyrics, reference of drugs, alcohol and sexual explicit videos. Many may ask “Could Rap/Hip-Hop music have a negative influence on today’s youth, because of its unhealthy messages”? This research paper will examine the effects of rap/hip-hop music on today’s youth and whether or not it has a negative influence. Brenda L. Williams-Capers Professor Dana Taylor English Composition II December 11, 2011 Over the year’s many researchers have conducted studies on the effects of rap/hip-hop on today’s youth. The results have been mixed; however there are indications that some forms of Rap/Hip-Hop music could have negative influence on today’s youth. This is due to the fact that youth start to adapt the negative aspects of the gangster rap, by displaying aggressive behaviors and committing crimes of violence. Rap gets a bad rap because some songs contain explicit lyrics, drugs, alcohol and sex. A study conducted by Ralph...
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...his video that the Old Testament has examples of priests going into battle, marching alongside the soldiers, sounding the horns, and carrying the Ark of the Covenant. He mentions biblical heroes such as Aaron and Gideon as being forerunners to what we call chaplains today.[1] Bergen adds: "Certainly those interested in origins can find numerous biblical accounts of priests at war... Indeed, Old Testament militarism has been a problem for Christian exegesis from early on. Nevertheless, national chaplaincies invoke various examples of chaplain-like functions."[2] There is little doubt that chaplains, or their counterpart in ancient times, have been acting in one way or another with the military groups of their specific era. This paper will examine the history of chaplaincy from the periods of 27 AD to 1600 AD and find that the common principle among these priests of ancient times and chaplains along the spectrum of time is that they offer a glimpse of spiritual hope in situations that can be riddled in hopelessness, death, and despair. Chaplaincy in the Roman Imperial Period The realization that the office of chaplaincy has roots as deep as the Old Testament does not merit the assumption that this office was recognized during the Roman Imperial period. There is speculation that a priest or chaplain would be in the picture due to the many spiritual and religious needs of the...
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...of Ice and Fire For my final paper, I will discuss a few of the religions in A Song of Ice and Fire by George R. R. Martin. I will describe and show how these fictional religions compare to factual ones. I will mainly focus on how it relates to Christianity and its various forms, but I will also include other religions in smaller detail. Before I dive right into the religions, I will give a brief description of A Song of Ice and Fire and why Martin, a lapsed Catholic and proclaimed atheist, decided to include such a large amount of religion in the series. The tale takes place in the fictional realms of Westeros, Essos, and Sothoryos. In these fictional realms, power and religion sits above all else. Westeros, also known as the Seven Kingdoms, is the main continent described in the series. The land of Westeros became a “melting pot” for religions after Aegon the Conqueror succeeded in capturing all of Westeros. Before this conquest, there were multiple kingdoms, all practicing their own religions. The unification of countries created much adversity as some religions faded away while others became universal. The series focuses on a set of main characters and how they rise and fall from power. Martin uses religion in the book to create a sense of realism. Due to how prominent of a role religion played in our medieval history, the inclusion of religion in the series adds depth and extra diversity. His reasoning for this is The Crusades. The Crusades shaped our history books and...
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...(52) Garrison’s opponents probably had a price on his head, therefore, he could not travel without risking his life and so, I question what audience this paper reached? Moreover, how did Garrison succeed in the abolition movement? Besides, how did less radical abolitionist respond to Garrison’s ideas? Because white racist Americans disliked Garrison’s radical abolitionist views, he had to collaborate with other abolitionist in order to publicize his beliefs and reach a wider audience, especially in the South. Garrison believed that talking and writing were one means to achieve justice for African Americans. However, because of his views, less radical white abolitionist and African Americans may have served as Garrison’s publicist by traveling with newspaper editions and gave speeches throughout the United States to contribute to the antislavery...
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...The Reformation Movement Research Paper History 117 1. During the 1830s to the 1850s indicated a period when people were beginning to get a sense of reformation regarding American idealism of a democratic and free society. The core goal to end slavery became the central focus to a group known as abolitionists. Formed by a limited amount of men and women both white and black, the abolitionists came most from the North with hardly any from the South. The beliefs of the abolitionists to end slavery in the mid eighteen hundreds, came from not only their understanding of freedom and citizenship which meant equal rights for all persons regardless of their skin color or racial background, but the fact African Americans had not received any rights, and had used slaves as a source of income. Abolitionists indicated “African Americans should be recognized as American citizens and incorporated into the nation”[1], since American society intended for everyone living in the United States to be citizens. Black and white abolitionists who tried to end slavery were William Lloyd Garrison, Theodore Weld, and Frederick Douglas. 2. The movement of the abolition of slavery started to intensify as both northern and southern individuals gathered to voice their hostility towards slavery by using the public sphere. Abolitionists focused mainly on changing the views of the public on slavery by publishing pamphlets, gathering signatures...
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...The Influence of Homework on Primary and Secondary school students As population grows, the world is getting a lot more competitive than few years ago. Chiefly the students who are accepting basic education are all making great effort to achieve academic success. In the process of working hard to get to their aims, homework is always the steps lead them there. To a great extent, school assignments have not only greatly influenced elementary and high school students’ educational improvements, but also their health conditions. Firstly, assignments after school have brought primary school students both advantages and disadvantages educationally. To begin with, every adult believes that elementary school students are still too young to be able to manage themselves reasonable and keep themselves in good control. First, it can be imagined that an 8-year-old child would not review the knowledge he learnt 2 days ago if he is not asked to do any homework. In that case, his score would definitely decline. Second, still using the example above, people can predict that even more serious than the retrogression of academic work but degeneration of living. He may waste a lot of time on other things like playing computer games and even get involved in some bad peer groups which educate him negatively and would lead him to a dark future. Therefore homework has been playing a greatly important role in primary school students’ academic work and is an efficient way to prevent them going astray...
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...Writing an Outline | An outline is a “blueprint” or “plan” for your paper. It helps you to organize your thoughts and arguments. A good outline can make conducting research and then writing the paper very efficient. Your outline page must include your: * Paper Title * Thesis statement * Major points/arguments indicated by Roman numerals (i.e., I, II, III, IV, V, etc.) * Support for your major points, indicated by capital Arabic numerals (i.e., A, B, C, D, E, etc.) Roman numeral I should be your “Introduction”. In the introduction portion of your paper, you’ll want to tell your reader what your paper is about and then tell what your paper hopes to prove (your thesis). So an Introduction gives an overview of the topic and your thesis statement. The final Roman numeral should be your “Conclusion”. In the conclusion, you summarize what you have told your reader. Following are 3 sample outlines, from actual student papers. YOUR outline can be MORE detailed, or might be LESS detailed. Remember that a good outline makes writing easier and more efficient. Sample Outline #1 Title: Frederick Douglass Thesis: Frederick Douglass played a crucial role in securing the abolition of slavery and equality of African-American rights through his actions, ideas, and efforts as a lecturer, author/publisher, and politician. I. Introduction A. Thesis B. Roles/Arguments II. Douglass as Lecturer A. History as slave and acquisition...
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