...Chapter 2 - Database System Concepts and Architecture Data Models, Schemas and Instances A characteristic of the database approach is that it provides a level of data abstraction, by hiding details of data storage that are not needed by most users. A data model is a collection of concepts that can be used to describe the structure of a database. The model provides the necessary means to achieve the abstraction. The structure of a database is characterized by data types, relationships, and constraints that hold for the data. Models also include a set of operations for specifying retrievals and updates. Data models are changing to include concepts to specify the behaviour of the database application. This allows designers to specify a set of user defined operations that are allowed. Categories of Data Models Data models can be categorized in multiple ways. • High level/conceptual data models – provide concepts close to the way users perceive the data. • Physical data models – provide concepts that describe the details of how data is stored in the computer. These concepts are generally meant for the specialist, and not the end user. • Representational data models – provide concepts that may be understood by the end user but not far removed from the way data is organized. Conceptual data models use concepts such as entities, attributes and relationships. • Entity – represents a real world object or concept • Attribute - represents...
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...Database Environment Smith Consulting wants to be able to track their consulting staff, each staff members skill set, and what projects they are working on. In order for Smith Consulting to keep track of all theses sets of data, they are in need of a database. Smith Consulting is an organization which offers Information Technology services to its clients. The services which Smith Consulting offer are database services, application programming, and website services. Smith Consulting was founded in 1984 with the goal of providing information technology services to its clients which are located in the Western United States. Smith Consulting Database Environment The main reason to analyze Smith Consulting’s database environment is to see where the company stands and in what situation the company is in which will be based on the results of the initial study of their database. Analyzing a company’s database is to see if the current system will be in fact able to support the additional information they want to collect on their employees. Looking at Smith Consulting’s database, we can see their current database will be unable to support the additional information and data they would like to update in order to keep track of the staff as well as the other requirements of the project. These would include tracking each staff member and their skill set, and to also track which projects each staff member is working on. To successfully analyze the database environment, their needs to be communication...
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...Database Environment DBM/380 The Historic Art Museum of Buffalo, NY needs to keep track of an abundance of information. Such as the artwork, artists, and locations of where the art is displayed or stored within the museum. Unfortunately, the museum is currently using only a Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheet to keep track of the artists, artwork, and their locations. This is not good practice and generally causes hardships for end-users. Therefore, a database will be implemented in order to make the information more readily available and accurate. Objectives of the Database First and foremost, is the objective of the database system - which is to store the following information: which art is owned/possessed, which artists, and the location of the art within the museum. By having this information readily available in a managed database, it can help the museum prepare for showings, buy/sell/trade/acquire artwork, and maintain an accurate inventory. The Database’ Environment The database’ environment shall consist of metadata & data, software, hardware, people to operate the equipment, and the appropriate procedures for the individuals to follow. Within the museum, the following devices (iMac 21.5 inch model) will be used as workstations by employees and networked together in order to access the server of which the database will be stored. The iMac devices are expensive, but have the capability of running Boot Camp for employees that desire to use Windows. And...
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...The Getty Provenance Institute’s database (The Gettys research institute, 2012) contains 1.1 million records. All of these records can be used for a wide variety of research. According to the institute the database can be used for assistance in finding information for Projects, and for the Study of Collecting. According to the Database, “The J. Paul Getty Museum acquired The Entombment (ca. 1612) by Peter Paul Rubens in a Christie's sale in 1992. At that time, the provenance of the painting could only be traced as far back as the mid-19th century. The number 146, located on the face of the painting, appeared to be an inventory number (the Getty Research Institute, 2012). A search in the Provenance Index's Archival Inventories database retrieved a single record in which the artist name (Rubens) and item number (146) matched. The search lead to a 1651 inventory preserved in the Archivo de la Casa de Alba, Palacio de Liria in Madrid, which lists this Rubens painting. Possibly its first owner was Gaspar de Haro y Guzmán Carpio (1629–1687)”. Other Institutions are not as lucky some. Some Museums are not so fortunate to find the item number associated with the picture. When it is time to introduce the collections into a database, curators of small museums find themselves in a little bit of trouble. The features and capabilities offered by the newer commercial and professional collection systems are more than they will ever need, more than they can support and more than they...
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...Database Environment Smith Consulting is a firm that focuses building applications for their clients. One of the biggest core values within this company is to maintain the security of the data that they for which this company builds applications. ("Smith Consulting Intranet", 2015) The main focus of this company is the creation of efficient financial applications as well as other functional applications as requested. The company has about 350 employees that currently working for them across all sites ("Smith Consulting Intranet", 2015). From the company intranet there does not seem to be a current database in place for that tracks their consulting staff, clients, each staff member's skill sets, and what projects they are working on. In order to create a database we would have to first select the best database environment for the project. Within this situation the database would not house confidential information so the need for strong security would not be necessary. For this particular database the amount of data that is being imported into the database is rather small. The company has 4 main clients and 350 employees. The system that I would select for this project would be Access. Access can handle all of the data that is needed to create this Project Database. SQL and Oracle are create database structures when dealing with huge amounts of data, this would not be the case in this situation and it would not be feasible to spend the extra money on these...
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...MEMORANDUM SUBJECT: Library Database Environment DATE: Tuesday, March 1, 2016 Analysis of the Database environment This environment in which this database is based on is a library.it seeks to look into a library setting and all attributes associated with a library. Basically a library contains documentation for reference, research and learning purposes with a variety of fields to look into. Some may also have archived materials that are still being used. Current libraries have a section where you can access materials like newspapers to catch up with news updates. This database will use a MYSQL environment to manage the data related to the library and Delphi in designing the interface Problems and constraints The existing library has a category of sections from which reference materials for research and learning can be obtained. Unfortunately no systematic sorting has been done to categorize books in each section. This makes it some worth difficult and time consuming to find a specific book of interest within the sections Objectives of the database environment The objectives of the database environment are enlisted below * Provide an all-in-one system for accessing reference materials * Develop a system that will store user details and item details * Create an easy to understand and friendly environment * Develop a system that can replace the manual library management system * Provide borrow and return records * Provide user access levels(i.e...
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...Database Environment Stephen K.D. Sylvester DBM/380 15 October 2014 Gary Teed Today I will be taking to you about the database environment, the term database environment refers to a type of configuration used to create and populate an application. The most commonly used definitions for databases, are items, which include data, which are text, images, graphics and facts associated to something. A database is a collection of well-organized data, the environment that is to be designed is one that stores and retrieves data that easily maintained and organized. For the purpose of this assignment of the database environment, I have chosen will be a series of tables that store customer information, purchase orders, sales orders and various status point information. The data will be used for a series of reports that will show the status of the purchase orders as it goes through the database system. The goal of this system is to provide an accountable and accurate status of the items purchased that have been logged in the system. Over the last decade our company has had a hard time and struggled with lost records and documentation of purchase orders, with limited visibility on the status of those orders. W have submitted a request to create a well working database for our customer service to access, and be able to quickly and accurately find the status of that purchase order. Also we would like to implement a list of potential orders that may have dropped off, and gone...
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...Smith Consulting Database Environment Student Name DBM/380 Date: Instructor name: Smith Consulting Database Environment Smith Consulting’s current employee management system is inefficient involving a one table database, which produces duplication of many attributes throughout the system. The first iteration of database design provided a new version consisting of various one-to-many relationships to link its various modules. There are currently four modules that consist of an employees, jobs, skills, and projects tables. Smith Consulting has many employees filling many jobs descriptions. Furthermore, each job position may encompass many skills. Finally, many employees may be working on many projects. This first iteration of database design provided a database model that is inadequate and requires a return to the database development life cycle (DDLC) to incorporate the needed many-to-many relationships among tables for efficient allocation of human resources in order to better meet company customer needs. An analysis of the database environment has surfaced the various problems and constraints with the current system. This in turn has determined the scope and boundaries for the new system version. An overall objective and supporting objectives provided the needed data specifications, which is depicted in a logical model table and database schema. Database Environment Analysis The current database environment involves a one table database. This current system has various...
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...AC571_relational_database_005-019 Male Page 1 of 5 AC571_relational_database_005 Welcome to this refresher on relational database concepts. Understanding relational database concepts is a key to mastering a key theme, REA modeling. As we progress through this refresher, please pay close attention to the objectives being covered as you see on the screen. The objectives are as follows: problems inherent in the flat file approach to data management that gave rise to the relational database concept, relationships among the defining elements of the relational database environment, stages in database design, entity identification, data modeling, constructing the physical database, and preparing user views, features of distributive databases and issues to consider in deciding on a particular database configuration. These objectives will serve as the foundation for understanding relational database concepts and REA modeling. AC571_relational_database_006 Before we can get into the heart of relational database concepts one must understand the differences between two common database environments, flat file and relational databases. As you know, computer systems process data. This processing involves two key components, data and instructions, or programs. This occurs no matter what database environment you have. In order to process the data you need an interface. Conceptually there are two methods for designing the interface between program instructions and data. File oriented processing...
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...experience in Teradata Database Administrator. Initial Level of experience in BIG Data Hadoop. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Expertise in proactively handling Oracle database issues to avoid major incident. Expertise in Root Cause Analysis and trouble shooting skills Expertise in mentoring database specialists and Handling Escalated calls. Expertise in providing solution within given SLA to avoid SLA bridge. Expertise in reviewing plan, risk and impact analysis before change. Expertise in implementing exact solution within given SLA. Expertise in providing exact solution during incident to avoid / reduce problem. Expertise in applying permanent fix to avoid problem. Expertise in providing different types of solution to migrate Non-Exadata into Exadata. Expertise in capacity management of databases according to their growth. More than 10 end to end RAC setup implemented in Oracle 10G and 11G on various platforms like RHEL ,SUN Solaris and AIX. More than 20 Dataguard setup implemented in Oracle 9i,10g and 11G. Extensive experience in identifying cause of high CPU and IO utilization. Extensive experience Database Performance and Query tuning. Extensive experience Oracle Exadata Performance and Query tuning. Expertise in identifying root cause issue of Oracle database and OS level. Expertise in Technical Leadership. Expertise in migrating non-Exadata database into EXADATA. Depth...
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...in Mobile Databases Yahia Mahgoub Yahia, Mohamed Elamin Mohamed, Abd Allah Ibrahim, and Ayman Suliman Abstract - With the revolution of mobile computing today mobile devices have become part of each person life lead to a wireless computing environment. Mobile computing has enabled the introduction of new applications, ranging from simple ones such as mobile games to those quite complex applications such as mobile banking and mobile multimedia. With these applications people become have access to information anywhere. With data being distributed in mobile environments it is difficult to employ the currently available database solutions as most of them were developed for the use on the fixed network environment. A new concept of databases has been introduced to address the problem of databases in mobile environments. As devices being disconnected for such time they require local copies of their important data items, since they are often disconnected from their home network. As a result of mobile databases and keeping local copies of databases users need to synchronize their local copies with each other to keep consistency of data among them. Index Terms - Mobile Host (MH), Fixed Host (FH), Transaction, Replication, Synchronous, Asynchronous, Mobile Databases. Replicating data at servers increases the local availability of the data thereby resulting in an overall reduction of computing cost in a mobile environment. With multiple copies of data on different database servers, replication...
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...real-world environment. The database designer uses data models to facilitate the interaction amongdesigners, application programmers, and end users. In short, a good data model is a communicationsdevice that helps eliminate (or at least substantially reduce) discrepancies between the databasedesign’s components and the real world data environment. The development of data models, bolstered by powerful database design tools, has made it possible to substantially diminish thedatabase design error potential. (Review Section 2.1 in detail.) 2. What is a business rule, and what is its purpose in data modelling? A business rule is a brief, precise, and unambiguous description of a policy, procedure, or principle within a specific organization’s environment. In a sense, business rules are misnamed: they apply to any organization -- a business, a government unit, a religious group, or a research laboratory; large or small -- that stores and uses data to generate information. Business rules are derived from a description of operations. As its name implies, a description of operations is a detailed narrative that describes the operational environment of an organization. Such a description requires great precision and detail. If the description of operations is incorrect or incomplete, the business rules derived from it will not reflect the real world data environment accurately, thus leading to poorly defined data models, which lead to poor database designs. In turn, poor database designs...
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...Material Database Environment, Development Process, and Staffing Tables Part I Database Environment Table Describe each component of the database environment, and provide a common vendor-supplied example or an example of how this component relates to the rest of the database environment. |Components |Description |Example | |Database Management |The Computer Software application that |MySQL, MS-SQL, Oracle IBM DB2.. Etc | |System (DBMS) |interacts with the user and other applications | | |Repository |A storage location for safety of preservation |Dimensions, Maven, | |Metadata |Data the describes other data. |Card Catalogs in the old days, Digital | | | |Photos have metadata describing the photo| | | |location, apature size, etc. | |Case Tools |Computer aided software engineering tools. A |Umbrello, Visio (Kinda) etc. | | |domain of tools to design and implement | | | |software | | |Database ...
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...Week One: Database Architecture | | Details | Due | Points | Objectives | 1.1 Explain database architectures. 1.2 Define database systems. 1.3 Define relational database architecture. | | | Reading | Read Ch. 1, “Database Systems,” of Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management. | 9/24 | | Reading | Read Ch. 2, “Data Models,” of Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management. | 9/24 | | Reading | Read Ch. 3, “The Relational Database Model,” of Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management. | 9/24 | | Reading | Reference Ch. 1, “Getting Started,” of Database Concepts as a supplemental reading. | 9/24 | | Reading | Read Ch. 1, “Introduction to Access,” of Exploring Microsoft® Office Access 2010 Comprehensive. | 9/24 | | Reading | Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | 9/24 | | Participation | Participate in class discussion. | All week | 2 | Nongraded Activities and Preparation SkillSoft® Registration | The first time you access SkillSoft®, you need to register.Do the following to register for SkillSoft®: Go to https://uopx.skillport.com Register by clicking on Register. The Register button is in the lower right corner, below the login boxes.Leave the Organization Code field blank.Use your phoenix.edu e-mail address.Use your student website login name as your user ID (the name before the @email.phoenix.edu).Click Submit. | 9/24 | ...
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...Chapter 1 Database Systems Why Databases? * At the heart of all of these systems are the collection, storage, aggregation, manipulation, dissemination, and management of data * Databases are specialized structures that allow computer-based systems to store, manage, and to retrieve data very quickly Data vs. Information * Data – raw facts * Raw indicates that the facts have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning * You transform the raw data into a data summary * Information – the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning * Data processing can be as simple as organizing data to reveal patters or as complex as making forecasts or drawing inferences using statistical modeling * To reveal meaning, information requires context * Raw data must be properly formatted for storage, processing, and processing * Ex: dates must be stored in Julian calendar formats and yes/no responses must be converted to Y/N or 0/1 * Data are the foundation of information which is bed rocked of knowledge * Knowledge – body of information and facts about a specific subject * Knowledge implies familiarity, awareness, and understanding of information as it applies to the environment * A key characteristic of knowledge is that “new: knowledge can be derived from “old” knowledge * Key Points: * Data constitute the building blocks of information * Information is produced by processing...
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