...During the first half of the semester I was exposed to the concepts of leadership and the qualities that will make or break good organizational leaders. Moreover the ability to understand a person’s personality trait and how we can use to our advantage was also an important part of this course. To showcase my understanding of the subjects learned so far, I will review all the chapters done one by one and share my findings. We will start with our textbook by Lussier & Achua. Chapter 1: Who is a leader? According to Lussier and Achua (2014), in this chapter we try to understand what leadership is about, the three levels of leadership analysis, and four major leadership paradigms. In this chapter we studied why leadership is important and how companies like GE and Domino’s enhance their employees’ leadership skills set and become leaders in their industry. According to George (2015), gone are the days when managers could ensure success by relying on their knowledge of local markets, operating skills, technical understanding, and financial acumen. Today they must be skilled in aligning their multicultural organizations around the company’s mission and values. Hence this chapter helps an individual to understand the different types of leaders and their quality, and when to use them based on the situation. In this chapter we learned about the five key elements about leadership such as leader-follower, influencing, organizational objectives, change, and people. Understanding...
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...Leadership Theories – EMBA7005 – Peggy MacIsaac Leadership Theories Peggy MacIsaac University of Fredericton September 2013 1 Leadership Theories – EMBA7005 – Peggy MacIsaac Introduction Contingency Approaches to leadership theories have led to the development of two very important and effective leadership theories. The Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory and the Path-Goal Leadership theory have been instrumental in guiding leaders as they learn to embrace how situational factors affect their selection of leadership style. The following will explore these two theories, look at their similarities and differences and the effectiveness of utilizing these approaches. Leadership Theories - Situational Leadership Theory: Situational Leadership Theory (short form for the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory) was created by management experts Dr. Paul Hersey, and Ken Blanchard. It became popular in the 1970’s/early 1980’s. This theory draws views mainly from contingency focused thinking. As the title implies, this theory focuses on the idea that leadership style is dependent on each unique situation and that there is no one perfect or optimum leadership style. The most important component of the situation is the characteristics of the follower and this is what determines the most effective leadership style. Situational Leadership Theory suggests that the style of leadership used in a situation revolves around the leader’s ability to accurately diagnose...
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...1. What is the difference between a theory and a model? Answer: A leadership theory is a definition of some conditions of leadership. Theories have factual value because they are used to explain better, conclude, and control successful leadership. A leadership model is a sample for copying or used in a given position. All the contingency leadership theories having the leadership models. The leadership theory is the lengthy document that clarify the variables and leadership styles to be used in a given contingency situation. The leadership model is the small arbitrary of the theory to be used when choosing the proper leadership style for a given situation. 2. What contingency leadership variables are common to all of the theories? Answer: The contingency leadership variables used to describe the relevant leadership style are the leader, followers (employees), and situation. The leader element is positioned on personality traits, nature, and experience. The follower’s factor is pointed on effectiveness and motivation. The conditional factor is based on task, structure, and environment. A leader to be powerful, there must be a relevant fit between the leader’s nature and style and the followers and the situation. This leadership theory bid to explain the applicable leadership style positioned on the leader, followers (employees), and situation. 3. How does the global economy relate to contingency leadership? Answer: ...
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...Four Models of Leadership Lisa S. Patrick University of Phoenix Four Leadership Models There are theories that suggest characteristics, behaviors and relationships that inspire and create effective leaders and followers within organizations. The Trait Leadership Model, Behavior Leadership Model, Situational Leadership Model, and Charismatic Leadership Model provide assumptions built on theories from approaches that incorporate characteristics, leader behaviors, outcomes affected by situations and how leader relationships inspire change in an organization. Differences and similarities exist among these approaches and may address some of the contemporary leadership and challenges in organizations. Trait Leadership Model The Trait Model examined specific traits researchers believed were associated with leadership and focused on the innate characteristics that make good leaders. This body of research included theories that “leaders were born and not made” (Clawson, 2006, p. 379) in the “Great Man” Theory of Leadership. Kouzes (2003) believes that to view a few men and woman as innate greatness is wrong and that heroes do exists in organizations. Other Theorists like Stogdill’s Leadership Traits, Maccobys Leader, and John Gardner’s Leaders noted characteristics believed to make great leaders. Stogdill believed leaders were strong, task-oriented, confident, handled stress, and accepted responsibility for actions were qualities of a good leader (Clawson, 2006; Clemers...
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...Leadership Abilities and Traits Leadership Abilities and Traits What type of leader are you? Leadership abilities and traits have been debated many times over the century. The definition of leadership and management are very similar but have some primary differences. To understand leadership qualities and traits one must understand leadership theories, how leadership differs from management and the importance of time management. Leadership Concepts Understanding leadership theories are useful in understanding your style of leadership. There are several different types of leadership theories. The Great Man Theory implies that a leader is born into a leadership role. This theory portrays a person being born into a noble family, and the rights of leadership are inherited. The Trait theories attempt to identify traits that are common among leaders. Situational theories give the situation and the environment important factors in regards to the success of a leader. Other nursing leadership theories are the Contemporary theories. The Contemporary theories combine the situation, the environment, the leader and the followers. Other theories are the Behavioral, the Participative, Contingency, the Quantum, Chaos, the Transactional, and the Transformational Theories. Reviewing the differences and similarities in leadership and management is important in learning leadership concepts. The roles between the two have been widely debated. As a nursing professional, understanding...
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...Leadership and Organisations Assessment Task One: Essay Focus on the question Remember that there are two elements to this question. You must therefore ensure you give sufficient attention to both elements of the question in order to pass. "Since the early 20th century, there have been many strands of research that explore what effective leadership is. Compare and contrast the following three leadership approaches/theories" * Trait approach (Remember there are many people who have researched leadership traits which you can draw on) * Situational leadership theory (Remember the essay is asking you to concentrate on situational leadership theory (Blanchard et al. 1985) specifically here and not other situational/contingency based models) * Transformational leadership theory (Bass and Avolio's (1990; 1994) transformational leadership theory is the main theory to explore although there are others you could also include in the discussion e.g. Burns (1978)) Key terms - Compare and Contrast Compare - Identify the similarities and differences between two or more phenomena. Say if any of the shared similarities or differences are more important than others. ‘Compare’ and ‘contrast’ will often feature together in an essay question. Contrast - Similar to compare but concentrate on the dissimilarities between two or more phenomena, or what sets them apart. Point out any differences which are particularly significant. Key terms - Compare and Contrast ...
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...Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Business Management LEADERSHIP AND ORGANISATIONS Name: Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan Student ID: 23045438 Word count: 3596 Module Leader UK : Janette Hurst Module Leader Singapore: Jasmine Puah Table of Contents Introduction 3 Trait Approach to Leadership Theory 3 Advantages of Trait Approach 4 Disadvantages of Trait Approach 4 Situational and Contingency Approach 6 Fiedler’s Contingency Theory: 7 Advantages of Fiedler’s Contingency Model 9 Disadvantages of Fiedler’s Contingency Model 9 Harsey-Blanchard Situational Leadership 10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Model 12 Transformational Approach to Leadership 13 Advantages and Disadvantages of Transformational Approach to Leadership 15 Similarities of different approaches 15 Differences of Different Approaches 16 Conclusion 17 References 19 Appendix 22 Appendix 1: Zaccaro’s Model to Trait Approach 22 Appendix 2 : LPC Scale 22 Appendix 3: Fielder's Contingency model 23 Appendix 4: Harsey and Blanchard Situational Model 23 Appendix 5: Transformational Approach to Leadership 24 Introduction The purpose of this essay is to discuss different approaches to leadership. Different approaches to leadership have been described using different models along with charts and tables to provide a better understanding on each model. It also states the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and how the disadvantage...
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...Determining My Perfect Position As a valued and experienced employee in my expanding and growing organization, I was presented with the opportunity of determining a leadership position, where I can utilize my expertise and my knowledge of the vision and mission of the organization, daily operations and processes of almost every department and the qualities and values that I possess, and determine the best suitable position that benefits of such experience and qualities, as well as benefits the organization in whole and the department I will be working for. By knowing one’s qualities, ethics and capabilities this should enable this one to better define the responsibilities, challenges, strengths and weaknesses and the accurate leadership style that can be practiced in the best manner to benefit both the employee and the organization. So, by analyzing the Leadership and Team Skills self- assessments one can discover individual strengths and weakness that will assist in determining his or her leadership style, and abilities to lead others. Employee-oriented leaders are “described as emphasizing interpersonal relations; they took a personal interest in the needs of their employees and accepted individual differences among members. The production-oriented leaders, in contrast, tended to emphasize the technical or task aspects of the job” (Robbins & Judge, 2007 pg. 406) By taking a number of self-assessment tests provided by the University of Phoenix student’s portal, such as...
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...Leadership Models Essay Abstract It is not possible to reflect every aspect of each theory, due to the complexities of the models and the wide-ranging opinions of scholars that have studied each concept over many years. However, the purpose of this paper is to discuss four leadership models that are not only interesting but will support growth to those aspiring to become scholars, practitioners and leaders in a particular field of study. These theories were selected to provide information and to offer a review of the characteristics and main points of significance of each theory. The following models will be examined: Transformational leadership, Transactional leadership, Situational leadership and Charismatic leadership. It is important to look at each model separately to understand and define the uniqueness of each of the theories. In addition, to providing definitions for each model, a brief summary will state general similarities. The summation will also indicate that each of the leadership theories is unique with a particular purpose and outcome. Leadership Models Essay Many leadership models have accumulated for as long as there have been leaders. To determine the characteristic associated with leadership styles and the relationship to the zeitgeist some theorists have defined leadership into attribute approaches and periods. “The scientific study of leadership can be roughly divided into three periods: the trait period from around...
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...CHAPTER 11 - LEADERSHIP AND TRUST LEARNING OUTCOMES After reading this chapter, students should be able to: 1. Define the term “leader” and explain the difference between managers and leaders. 2. Summarize the conclusions of trait theories of leadership. 3. Describe the Fiedler contingency model. 4. Summarize the path-goal model of leadership. 5. Explain situational leadership. 6. Identify the qualities that characterize charismatic leaders. 7. Describe the skills that visionary leaders exhibit. 8. Explain the four specific roles of effective team leaders. 9. Identify the five dimensions of trust. Opening Vignette SUMMARY Jack Hartnett, D.L. Rogers Corp., president, leads by combining ingredients from both the Stone Age and the New Age. Hartnett prides himself on knowing everything about his employees--both at work and at home. Is Hartnett's style intrusive? Yes! But neither he nor his employees consider it a problem. He believes that the more he knows about his workers, the more he can help them stay focused at work and happy at home. But if you think he's "Mr. Nice Guy," think again. Hartnett instructs his employees to "do it the way we tell you to do it." He's perfectly comfortable using the authority in his position to make rules and dish out punishments. Break one of his rules twice and he'll fire you. The managers who work for Hartnett are well compensated for meeting his demanding requirements. Does Hartnett seem inconsistent? Maybe. He believes...
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...into “Managing across Cultures.” However, the three most important things that I learned about leadership and cross-cultural management from GLOBE Project and the Hofstede research were: 1) A better understanding of how cultures vary thanks to the nine GLOBE dimensions. The nine basic cultural dimensions are translated into questionnaires and administered to thousands of managers. On a regular basis, results are published regarding the nine GLOBE dimensions. The results can reveal cultural patterns or fingerprints for individual nations. A look at these results can help other cultures better understand cross-cultural similarities and differences. It can also give you a strategic competitive advantage or save a life in hazardous occupations. 2) Which leadership attributes were universally liked or disliked. Phase 2 of the GLOBE project set out to discover which, if any, leadership attributes were universally liked or disliked by managers. Their survey included 17,000 middle managers from across 62 countries. Trainers and present and future global managers should find the results as having important implications in their career. From the survey, it was found that “visionary and inspirational charismatic leaders who are good team builders” were preferred over “self-centered leaders seen as loners or face-savers.” It is still advised that a contingency approach to leadership be used by local and foreign managers after the use of cultural intelligence when reading local...
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...that is neither formally structured nor organizationally determined; such a group appears in response to the need for social contact Social identity theory – perspective that considers when and why individuals consider themselves members of groups Ingroup Favoritism –Perspective in which we see members of our ingroup as better than other people, and people not in our group as all the same Several Characteristics make a social identity important to a person: A.) Similarity B.) Distinctiveness C.) Status D.) Uncertainty Reduction 5 Stage Group development model – the five distinct stages groups go through: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning Forming Stage –the first stage in group development, characterized by much uncertainty Storming Stage – the second stage in group development, characterized by intragroup conflict Norming Stage – The third stage in group development, characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness Performing Stage –the fourth stage in group development, during which the group is fully functional Adjourning Stage –the final stage in group development for temporary groups, characterized by concern with wrapping up activities rather than task performance. Punctuated-Equilibrium Model – A set of phases that temporary groups go through that involves transitions between inertia and activity Role – A set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit Role Perception...
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...Organizational Behavior – Leadership BUS 318 Organizational Behavior (BWD1421A) Organizational Behavior – Leadership Organizational behavior (OB) is the study of human behavior in organizations. It is an academic discipline devoted to understanding individuals and group behavior, interpersonal processes and organizational dynamics (Schermerhorn, Osborn, Hunt, & Uhl-Bien 2012). OB is also devoted to explaining and ultimately improving the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in an organization (McGraw-Hill n.d.). Leadership is an important role in an organization and in this paper I will discuss the different styles of leadership and how they affect the overall organization. “Inspired leadership has always played a vital role in the development and sustained productivity of any successful organization. But as many managers are discovering, effective leadership does not often come naturally to them. The technical and business skills they have carefully honed are simply not transferable to many situations calling for interpersonal and leadership abilities” (Dr. Strauss 2014). It is very important to have effective leadership in order to have a successful organization. Leaders are people who influence and create change. Others follow leaders because they see the value of their ideas and suggestions and choose to align with them. Leaders will succeed when other follow them because they want to not because they have to (Schermerhorn...
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...title: The influences of leadership style on employee’s job satisfaction in Vietnam’s young science and engineering workforce– A case of VAST organization. Executive summary This study focuses on answering the question "research" has shown the relationship between leadership and employees within the organization. An overview of knowledge have shown the leadership style directly influences employee satisfaction. The satisfaction of employees in an organization is the most important element to remain active in the Organization, create value and achieve long-term goals. In this study, the relationship between leadership style and the staff have been clarified thanks to these elements have been clarified in the section above, the organizational culture is a problem has always been put on top of the head and operate businesses, however, besides the efforts of the staff, leadership skills also influence directly to this issue. Transformational leadership was proposed to change the style of leadership in VAST, according to the results collected from the questionnaires were raised this leadership trend was in line with the organization. Research Methodology in this chapter will focus on clarifying gaps defined in Chapter 2 (Literature review). The identification approach to clarify the relationship of components of leadership skills will be relevant to point out the job satisfaction of employees. This study focused on clarifying the influence of leadership styles and job satisfaction...
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...CHAPTER 11 - LEADERSHIP and TRUST LEARNING OUTCOMES After reading this chapter students should be able to: 1. Define leader and leadership. 2. Compare and contrast early leadership theories. 3. Describe the four major contingency leadership theories. 4. Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today’s leaders. 5. Discuss trust as the essence of leadership. |Opening Vignette—Employees First | |SUMMARY | |HCL Technologies, the “employee first” philosophy has helped catapult the company from peripheral player to center stage in the intensely | |competitive IT industry. HCL Technologies is headquartered in Noida, India. CEO Vineet Nayar is committed to creating a company where the job | |of company leaders is to enable people to find their own destiny by gravitating to their strengths. His goals for the “Employee First” program| |include creating a unique employee experience, inverting the organizational structure, and increasing transparency. The workplace reforms the | |company implemented involved better communication with the CEO and a pay scheme that gives workers more job security. A major part of the | |workplace company referred to as “trust pay.” Unlike the standard IT industry...
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