... | |CHAPTER No. |Particulars |Page no. | |1. |Introduction, meaning & defination. |3 | |2. |Modus operandi, terms and condition |4-6 | |3. |Function, types, beneifits of factoring |7-10 | |4. |Cost of factoring |11-14 | |5. |Factoring in India, international factoring, factoring in other countries |15-16 | |6. |Introduction & defination of forfaiting |17-18 | |7. |Working of forfaiting & cost of forfaiting |19 | |8. |Beneifts & drawbacks of forfaiting |20-21 | |9. |Forfaiting in India ...
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...MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL SERVICES LESSON 13: FACTORING – THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Lesson Objectives • • • • • • • Finance Maintenance of accounts Collection of debts Protection against credit risks”. To understand the Concept of Factoring. Methodology of Factoring and Forfeiting. Types of factoring. Introduction Receivables constitute a significant portion of current assets of a firm. But, for investment in receivables, a firm has to incur certain costs such as costs of financing receivables and costs of collection from receivables. Further, there is a risk of bad debts also. It is, therefore, very essential to have a proper control and management of receivables. In fact, maintaining of receivables poses two types of problems; (i) the problem of raising funds to finance the receivables, and (it) the problems relating to collection, delays and defaults of the receivables. A small firm’ may handle the problem of receivables management of its own, but it may not be possible for a large firm to do so efficiently as it may be exposed to the risk of more and more bad debts. In such a case, a firm may avail the services of specialised institutions engaged in receivables management, called factoring firms. At the instance of RBI a Committee headed by Shri C. S. Kalyan Sundaram went into the aspects of factoring services in India in 1988, which formed the basis for introduction of factoring services in India. SBI established, in 1991, a subsidiary-SBI Factors Limited with an...
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...Internship Report Subject: Interrelation Between Products, Interest RATES & Terms Of Finance Internship Organization: United Leasing Company Limited 22 , Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka Prepared for: Internship Supervisor Mr. Imran Rahman Associate Professor IBA, Univ. of Dhaka Prepared by Maruf Haider ZR 33, BBA 10th Institute of Business Administration University of Dhaka. June 25, 2006 June 25, 2006 Mr. G. M. Chowdhury Chairman Internship & Placement Program Institute of Business Administration University of Dhaka Dear Sir: I am glad to submit my Internship Report for the Internship Program (BBA 10th, 2006), herewith. I considered your remarks and instructions very carefully while preparing this report. I tried my level best to follow your schedule, format and discipline. I tried to comprehend all the areas related to this report. This has certainly enhanced my knowledge base with a practical orientation. Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely Yours, Maruf Haider ZR -33 , BBA 10th IBA Univ. of Dahaka Table of Contents Section 1 –Organization report 1.1 Background of ULC 1.2 Corporate Objective 1.3 Capital, Sponsors and Share Structure 1.4 Board of Directors 1.4.1 Executive Committee 1.5 Organizational Structure 1.5.1 Management 2.1 Lease Portfolio and Sector wise Exposure 2.2 Performance of ULC at a Glance 2.3 SWOT Analyses...
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...Report On “FACTORING VS FORFEITING” Submitted by Payal Pasad A-22 Vaishali pise A-23 Rupalika Sarkar B-30 Asiya Shaikh B-32 For subject Banking and Insurance [pic] Aruna Manharlal Shah Institute of Management and Research Ghatkopar [W], Mumbai-86 2012-13 TABLE OF CONTENTS |Chapter 1 |FACTORING | | |1.1 |Overview: Factoring |3 | |1.2 |Factoring Services |3 | |1.3 |Factoring functions |3 | |1.4 |Funding process |3 | |1.5 |Types of Factoring services |4 | |1.6 |Two factor system of factoring |4 | |1.7 |Benefits of factoring |5 | | | | | |Chapter 2 |FORFEITING | | |2.1 ...
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...of finance to start their business. There are several ways to acquire financing and a few of them are personal capital and borrowing from friends, borrowing from a bank, factoring, invoice discounting, leasing, hire purchase and franchising. For larger companies they have the advantage of being able to sell shares to raise capital, they can also have large investors, and being able to ‘raise capital’, they can also retain earnings in order to use the money as cash flow for further developments in the company or for a particular project (this money belongs to shareholders). Companies who are already established can retain their profits for a period of time and use this money in the future for projects or business needs, this is usually shareholder dividend and ultimately belongs to the shareholders, but the company is using it to expand or better the business. The selling of company assets is also seen as a way of raising capital, however if you are selling off your assets how does this help your business, you will lose the equipment that is helping you to make money. (Access Credit Management 2015) Company’s use invoice discounting and factoring for selling their invoices to another company, (usually a bank) and getting cash in return, these invoices are bought for between 80% and 85% of the total invoice and the rest is paid once the debt has been paid...
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...Filenote The purpose of this filenote is to outline the accounting treatment associated with the receivables securitisation arrangement with Westpac. Introduction AASB 9's requirements on de-recognition are complex and require interpretation in a number of areas. Factoring arrangements are often referred to as "with recourse" or "without recourse". In a "with recourse" arrangement, all or most of the credit risk remains with the entity. Such an arrangement will almost always fail the risks and rewards tests (and possibly others). It should therefore be accounted for as a loan. By contrast, a "without recourse" arrangement transfers all or most of the credit risk to the factor (transferee). Such an arrangement is likely to qualify for de-recognition (subject to an evaluation of other risks that might be relevant such as slow payment risk). In substance, such an arrangement could be economically similar to a sale of the receivables in which case it is accounted for accordingly. The continuing involvement accounting requirements of IAS 39 will rarely apply in most factoring arrangements because most arrangements result in substantially all the risks and rewards being either transferred or retained. These requirements include special rules on recording and measuring continuing involvement assets and liabilities that deviate from the normal requirements of IAS 39. Accounting Implications When an entity factors its trade receivables, an analysis should be carried...
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...Demica Report Series April 2009 Issue no.10 Research Report Strengthening the Links issue no. 10 Supply Chain Finance A Third Report from Demica Demica Report Series April 2009 Issue no.10 Summary Continuing tight credit conditions have made liquidity scarce. Corporations want to extend payment terms for their supply chain, but suppliers are finding it difficult or impossible to accommodate this requirement. Demica’s latest research report into Supply Chain Finance (SCF) compares the situation in the UK and Germany and reveals that 88% of UK firms and 55% of German companies have identified that key suppliers are unable to sustain further lengthening of payment periods. As a solution to this situation SCF is generating much enthusiasm amongst banks and their corporate customers as a means of substituting for lower credit availability. Supply Chain Finance structures not only allow large corporations to extend their credit terms with suppliers, but their suppliers can also use the credit quality of their receivables debtors to finance their receivables at favourable rates based on the individual debtor credit profile. Some 43% of German companies and 61% of British firms are planning to monetise their receivables/payables to provide liquidity within their supply chain. This report updates Demica’s first two Supply Chain Finance research projects from 2007 and 2008 and reveals that the majority of Germany and UK firms believe their banking relationships...
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...INTRODUCTION Company History: The HSBC Group is named after its founding member, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, which was established in 1865 to finance the growing trade between Europe, India and China. The inspiration behind the founding of the bank was Thomas Sutherland, a Scot who was then working for the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. He realized that there was considerable demand for local banking facilities in Hong Kong and on the China coast and he helped to establish the bank, which opened in Hong Kong in March 1865 and in Shanghai a month later. Soon after its formation the bank opened agencies and branches around the world. Although that network reached as far as Europe and North America, the emphasis was on building up representation in China and the rest of the Asia-Pacific region. HSBC was a pioneer of modern banking practices in a number of countries. In Japan, where a branch was established in 1866, the bank acted as adviser to the government on banking and currency. In 1888, it was the first bank to be established in Thailand, where it printed the country’s first banknotes. From the outset trade finance was a strong feature of the local and international business of the bank, an expertise that has been recognized throughout its history. Bullion, exchange, merchant banking and note issuing also played an important part. By the 1880s, the bank was acting as banker to the Hong Kong government and also participated...
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...C H A P T E R 19 International Trade Finance Financial statements are like fine perfume: to be sniffed but not swallowed. —Abraham Brilloff. LEARNING OBJECTIVES ◆ Learn how international trade alters both the supply chain and general value chain of the domestic firm, thereby beginning the globalization process in the trade phase. ◆ Consider what the key elements of an import or export transaction are in business. ◆ Discover how the three key documents in import/export, the letter of credit, the draft, and the bill of lading, combine to both finance the transaction and to manage its risks. ◆ Identify what the documentation sequence is for a typical international trade transaction. ◆ Learn how the various stages and their costs impact the ability of an exporter to enter a foreign market and potentially compete in both credit terms and pricing. ◆ See what organizations and resources are available for exporters to aid in managing trade risk and financing. ◆ Examine the various trade financing alternatives. The purpose of this chapter is to explain how international trade, exports and imports, is financed. The contents are of direct practical relevance to both domestic firms that just import and export and to multinational firms that trade with related and unrelated entities. The chapter begins by explaining the types of trade relationships that exist. Next, we explain the trade dilemma: exporters want to be paid before they export and importers do not want to pay until...
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...HOW TO ACCESS TRADE FINANCE A GUIDE FOR EXPORTING SMEs EXPORT IMPACT FOR GOOD © International Trade Centre 2009 The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. Street address: ITC, 54-56, rue de Montbrillant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland +41-22 730 0111 +41-22 733 4439 itcreg@intracen.org http://www.intracen.org Postal address: Telephone: Fax: E-mail: Internet: HOW TO ACCESS TRADE FINANCE A GUIDE FOR EXPORTING SMEs Geneva 2009 ii ABSTRACT FOR TRADE INFORMATION SERVICES 2009 F-04.03 HOW INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE (ITC) How to Access Trade Finance: A guide for exporting SMEs Geneva: ITC, 2009. x, 135 p. Guide dealing with the processes involved in obtaining finance for exporting SMEs – explains the credit process of financial institutions from pre-application to loan repayment; examines the SME sector and barriers to finance, as well as the risks in lending to the SME sector as perceived by financial institutions; addresses SMEs’ internal assessment of financial needs, determining the right financing instruments, and finding the appropriate lenders and service providers; discusses how to approach and negotiate with banks; tackles cash flow and risk management issues; includes examples of real-life business plans and loan requests; includes bibliography (p. 134). Descriptors: Trade Financing, Export Financing, Export Credit, Risk Management...
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...DOCUMENTARY CREDIT TRACKING SYSTEM OF IBBL An internship report submitted for the satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION By S.M. Tanvir Ferdous Id: B033112 Department of Business Administration International Islamic University Chittagong, Dhaka Campus Spring 2008 -1- DOCUMENTARY CREDIT TRACKING SYSTEM OF IBBL An internship report submitted for the satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Submitted To Md. Shariful Haque Assistant Professor Prepared By S.M. Tanvir Ferdous Id: B033112 Date of Submission: January 5, 2008 Department of Business Administration International Islamic University Chittagong, Dhaka Campus -2- Letter of Transmittal January 5, 2008 Md. Shariful Haque Assistant Professor DBA, IIUC Dhaka Campus Subject: Submission of the Internship Report Dear Sir, I am glad to inform you that I have completed my internship report on “Documentary Credit Tracking System of IBBL”. I have gathered extensive knowledge while I was doing this report. Though there was some limitation and difficulties but I tried my level best to eliminate those limitations with your help and your guideline. Since this is my first full form of co-relational study, I tried my level best to finish this study as professional manure. I highly appreciate the opportunity to prepare this report. Yours sincerely, S.M. Tanvir Ferdous Matric...
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...DOCUMENTARY CREDIT TRACKING SYSTEM OF IBBL An internship report submitted for the satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION By S.M. Tanvir Ferdous Id: B033112 Department of Business Administration International Islamic University Chittagong, Dhaka Campus Spring 2008 -1- DOCUMENTARY CREDIT TRACKING SYSTEM OF IBBL An internship report submitted for the satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Submitted To Md. Shariful Haque Assistant Professor Prepared By S.M. Tanvir Ferdous Id: B033112 Date of Submission: January 5, 2008 Department of Business Administration International Islamic University Chittagong, Dhaka Campus -2- Letter of Transmittal January 5, 2008 Md. Shariful Haque Assistant Professor DBA, IIUC Dhaka Campus Subject: Submission of the Internship Report Dear Sir, I am glad to inform you that I have completed my internship report on “Documentary Credit Tracking System of IBBL”. I have gathered extensive knowledge while I was doing this report. Though there was some limitation and difficulties but I tried my level best to eliminate those limitations with your help and your guideline. Since this is my first full form of co-relational study, I tried my level best to finish this study as professional manure. I highly appreciate the opportunity to prepare this report. Yours sincerely, S.M. Tanvir Ferdous Matric NO- B033112 Batch- 17A Department...
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...DOCUMENTARY CREDIT TRACKING SYSTEM OF IBBL An internship report submitted for the satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION By S.M. Tanvir Ferdous Id: B033112 Department of Business Administration International Islamic University Chittagong, Dhaka Campus Spring 2008 -1- DOCUMENTARY CREDIT TRACKING SYSTEM OF IBBL An internship report submitted for the satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Submitted To Md. Shariful Haque Assistant Professor Prepared By S.M. Tanvir Ferdous Id: B033112 Date of Submission: January 5, 2008 Department of Business Administration International Islamic University Chittagong, Dhaka Campus -2- Letter of Transmittal January 5, 2008 Md. Shariful Haque Assistant Professor DBA, IIUC Dhaka Campus Subject: Submission of the Internship Report Dear Sir, I am glad to inform you that I have completed my internship report on “Documentary Credit Tracking System of IBBL”. I have gathered extensive knowledge while I was doing this report. Though there was some limitation and difficulties but I tried my level best to eliminate those limitations with your help and your guideline. Since this is my first full form of co-relational study, I tried my level best to finish this study as professional manure. I highly appreciate the opportunity to prepare this report. Yours sincerely, S.M. Tanvir Ferdous Matric NO- B033112 Batch- 17A Department of Business Administration...
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...LO1 Understand the sources of finance available to a Business Finance is the most vital thing to run the business. Companies operating as commercial entities must have sufficient cash balances to facilitate their smooth operations. Cash requirement can be raised from different sources, ranging from equity, various forms of debt, to internally generated funds through retained earnings which would otherwise be distributed to shareholders (Myers and Myers, 1991; J. Gitman, 1991). The sources of finance can be classified as Internal and External, Short-term and Long-term or Equity and Debt (Bromwich & Bhimani, 2009, pp.45). The two main sources of finance for business include internal and external sources. The business managers decide which form of financing to be used in the business (Klammer, 2003, pp.35). Internal Sources of Finance Personal funds - utilized by sole traders and partnerships. Owner takes on risk of losing their money. Family and friends - utilized by sole traders and partnerships. Friends can not only lose money but also harm relationships Selling assets - Dormant (unused) assets are typically sold. Selling of fixed assets that are currently in use may solve liquidity problems but create future production problems. Retained profit - Profits reinvested back into the business External Sources of Finance Share capital - limited companies selling shares. #1 way for limited companies to raise money and can provide up to billions. Venture capital - invest...
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...Eiteman-2 US CHAPTERS 31/7/07 4:01 PM Page 39 International Trade Finance The purpose of this chapter is to explain how international trade—exports and imports—is financed. The contents are of direct practical relevance to both domestic firms that merely import and export and to multinational firms that trade with related and unrelated entities. The chapter begins by explaining the types of trade relationships that exist. Next we explain the trade dilemma: exporters want to be paid before they export and importers do not want to pay until they receive the goods. The next section explains the benefits of the current international trade protocols. This discussion is followed by a section describing the elements of a trade transaction and the various documents that are used to facilitate the trade’s completion and financing. The next section identifies international trade risks; namely, currency risk and noncompletion risk. The following sections describe the key trade documents, including letters of credit, drafts, and bills of lading. The next section summarizes the documentation of a typical trade transaction. This section is followed by a description of government programs to help finance exports, including export credit insurance and specialized banks such as the Export-Import Bank of the United States. Next, we compare the various types of short-term receivables financing and then the use of forfaiting and countertrade for longer term transactions. The mini-case...
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